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Why is the hacker scene so damn queer? - EMF 2026

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The speaker introduces himself as Nick Swifer, a philosopher and former student of computer science who has been active in the hacker scene since 2010. He notes that upon returning to this community after a period of absence, he observed a significant shift: the scene had become markedly queer. He defines hackers not merely as information security experts but as individuals who systematically investigate systems to find weaknesses and improve them. This environment naturally attracts neurodivergent individuals, such as those with ADHD or autism, creating a strong correlation between neurodiversity and queerness within the group. The speaker emphasizes that his analysis is subjective and rooted in culture studies, acknowledging that there are no strict right or wrong answers when discussing complex social dynamics involving people's diverse values and experiences. The presentation delves into the nature of queerness, defining it not just as a sexual preference but as a conscious challenge to heteronormativity and patriarchal systems. The speaker explains concepts like "gaydar," which functions similarly to dog whistling by allowing queer individuals to recognize each other through subtle cues like clothing choices or notification sounds, fostering a sense of safety and community. He also details historical codes used for cruising, such as the hanky code and harness colors, which conveyed specific information about sexual preferences and practices like BDSM or fisting. These codes illustrate how marginalized groups developed their own languages to navigate public spaces safely, even as modern dating apps have somewhat replaced traditional cruising grounds. The talk further explores the history of queer liberation, tracing it from ancient cruising practices and the Stonewall riots to the rise of online dating platforms. The speaker highlights a crucial demographic shift: while early internet pioneers were predominantly queer due to the need for safe connection spaces away from hostile physical environments, mainstream technology has since become dominated by heterosexual users. This transition has led to a "generation gap," where an entire cohort of older gay men was lost to the AIDS epidemic, leaving younger generations who are statistically more queer and kinky but face new challenges. The speaker argues that as general-purpose technologies like Tinder became ubiquitous, specific niche spaces for queer communities diminished due to regulation and homogenization, forcing the community to retreat back toward offline events and specialized platforms to maintain their distinct identity and safety. In conclusion, the speaker attributes the current prevalence of queerness in the hacker scene to its evolution into a safe space where individuals can freely explore their identities without fear of being outed. He contrasts this with the historical necessity of hiding one's queer nature due to visible stigma, noting that while some still prioritize anonymity over physical safety, many now find security in open environments. The talk ends on a somber yet reflective note regarding the loss of older queer voices and the changing landscape of digital spaces, suggesting that despite the ubiquity of online dating, the queer community is increasingly seeking refuge in dedicated offline gatherings and specialized online niches to preserve their culture and ensure they are not lost to the dominant heteronormative currents of the broader internet.
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Hello everyone. Um, okay. Mic is working good. So, um, we Oh, there and there we have the, uh, uh, screen. So, I wasn't prepared for being like on a big stage. I expected to be like in a small stage with like I don't know 30 people or something. So I basically prepared the talk on the train coming here. Um yesterday when I saw this is going to be my stage, I did polish it a little bit or try to. Um but we'll see how this goes. Um I'm going to start a little bit with talking about me. Who the [ __ ] am I? Um in 2011 I think I gave my name um like my the Nick Swifer. Um, it is German. It means to doubt. Back at the time, I was like studying philosophy and found it very interesting and good and doubting. I still feel like it's an important thing to do um, in general. And so it became kind of like my nick in chaos or like the hacker scene environment. Um, and I've been around the hacker scene for a while. Um, like my first uh, chaos communication congress by the CCC um, was like in 2010. Um, however, there was like a time that I wasn't very active at the hacker scene. Um, I was like busy with like other things and it was kind of like a little bit moving away and then I kind of like came back to the hacker scene and was kind of like, oh, that changed a lot of things. And what I noticed the most was it got really [ __ ] queer. I was like, beforehand I knew that to some degree, but it wasn't really visible. And so for a while I've been thinking um to get a little bit into it. Um [snorts] I did study for like two semesters computer science and math. So I do some nerdy things but ultimately I'm more like of the talking things. So of like a um a degree and culture studies and well I studied philosophy and some other topics. Um, and with like culture studies as with most of these talking study topics, um, I find it important to say that there's often like not a very strict right and wrong or like very strict this is how it goes. Um, in math you usually have that like well there's equation and like you have a proper solution. Um in all these kind of culture studies um you basically talk about people and people have like very different impressions and different ideas um values. So maybe some of you will not agree with what I'm saying and this is part of the whole thing. So it is more like a debate or like I'm trying to do that. um and make sure sometimes you can't have like very strict and very clear answers because people are messy and chaotic and that is a good thing. Um so let's come to Oh, also well yes I'm pretty gay. [applause] I am talking a little bit like from my perspective. Um, that is also like one of the things in culture studies that we often do is that you kind of like make sure from like what perspective you're talking because everything I'm talking is like kind of like flavored in my own experience and some people have different experiences and that is okay um and important to acknowledge I believe. So let's start with like some definitions. What the [ __ ] is a hacker? Um that's like sure like the the information security thing and like the computer science stuff. Um for me the most important thing about hackers is they're like in they are investigating systems like they think or like they try to think in like a bigger picture and like how can you penetrate something like how can you figure something out? How do you develop something? [snorts] Um and the big important thing is for for me it's like both the investigating part but also like the systematic part like how do you test things systematically um they're like a little bit experts on finding weak points like how can you penetrate a system like how can you get in like what is broken um and there's to quite some degree also like the approach of particularly hacker scenes like these I would say there's like a big focus on improving ing things and fixing them. Um kind of like what is broken in whatever systems like okay how can we fix it like how can we make it good. Um and yeah I am a bit focusing on the systems. We come to that a little in a minute. Um, and one thing that I did notice or like that is I guess very clear to a lot of people, this scene is like has like a lot of n neuro diversity like a lot of ADHD people, a lot of people with autism with whatever diagnosis you can have. We have a lot of them here. Um, and the science is not very clear on this as much as I understood and I'm like I'm not a biologist or like a not an I don't know uh medical expert on that point but neurodeiversity correlates quite strongly with queerness. Not necessarily like there is like the science is like not really clear why but we see a lot of correlation between this [snorts] um and the scene like the hacker scene altogether it's like well it is full of outcourse that is very much known I guess to everyone here I don't think this is news for everyone [snorts] um and it's like not really interesting that like special interest fks are like around here because well this is what we are Um, and then we come to queers. Who the [ __ ] are queers? Um, the easy answer is like, well, they're like not cisero. Um, for people who do not know what sis means, it's like the opposite of trans, which means like, well, you're assigned the gender at birth and you still are the same. Um, the opposite is trans. And then it gets a little bit blurry with whether non-binary people are like trans and everything, but queers are basically the opposite. That is like one definition. Um, and it's kind of like the umbrella term for like well all the lesbians and gays and non-binaries and gender queers and the huge amount of queerness you can have. Um, I would say queers also generally clash with heteronormativity. Um and to some degree like the patriarchal system cuz like they kind of don't accept how society for we come to that in a little bit um decided how humans should live together. So they challenge that and they clash to to that to quite some point. Um, and they do that by having like a very self-determined active decision like how their sexuality or like how they're living is happening. Um, I find it important to define queerness um, also to some degree less about sexual preference. That is the thing that like a couple of years ago I would strongly disagree with. But now I know a couple of gays or also lesbians who say they're like lesbian or gay but like not queer. And what they mean is kind of like well they are somewhat fitting into like the patriarchal system. They're like not really clashing with it anymore because well gay like being gay or being lesbian is not as much as an um as an I don't know outcast it was like 10 years ago or like 20 years ago. like it got more accepted and then you have like some parts I would say from within the um scene that is kind of like rejecting the queerness. Um and for me queerness is more like the challenging of sexuality and gender norms altogether like what does it actually mean? Like why do we live in this patriarchal system? How is it supposed to work? And it's more like a conscious conscious thing um like a conscious decision. Um for the next I do want to talk about GADA. Um I do not mean the website that some of you probably know because there's a gay dating website in UK called GAA. Um we come to that as well. Um, I mean more like the ability or sometimes thought ability by queer people or gay people to see each other without actually knowing anything about it. So it's kind of like a six sense that you know like oh this person yeah I see them. Yeah I know. Um, and a lot about it, it's like kind of like subtle clothing hints or like, oh, this is like, oh, this this button is like a little bit too deep or well, sure, like I'm wearing a skirt that is very much not Cetro. Um, but to some degree also like the way you you look or like the the way you interact with each other. Like sometimes it's like the the hands that you kind of I don't know. I'm not sure why this is happening, but for a lot of gays it is. Um, and it's a little bit to some degree something I would call dog whistling, which is not really right because well, dog whistling is originally when you call your dog with like a whistle that normal people shouldn't be able to hear because it's very high pitched. And the term dog whistling um got adapted into like the political landscape when people speak about like very broad terms that like a lot of people can agree with and only like a few people um understand what they mean. And I would say it is a little bit similar with a gay, not so much in like garnering support or like power or something. Um, but it's like having kind of like signals that a lot of other people don't really notice. So the example that I'm having is [laughter] who now in this room has the urge to check their phone. I would say 98% of all gays know this sound whether they still use it or not. It's like the notification sound of Grinder. And [snorts] non-gays usually have no clue what it means. Like they don't even notice what the [ __ ] is that even happening. Um a couple of months ago it got like a little bit more popular as it became like a Tik Tok trend. Um where you play the sound and then check the room like who's actively checking the phone and you kind of out them by that. not a particularly good thing to do but there's like kind of like the understanding of the scene like you have signs that you only you understand. Um yeah that's like the doc wisdom to your own community and it is important thing like it is how you recognize your own people, how you connect to them, how you know where to go to like where to feel safe, where to date. Um yeah, [snorts] and then there's like a thing queers love codes. I'm claiming that. Um the example here is the hanky code. Um who in this room knows what the hanky code is? Can you >> Okay, that is a bit less than the half I would say. So the hanky coat um is a cruising practice. Um we come to cruising in a bit. um where you basically have like kind of bandanas or handkerchiefs and originally you put them into your back pocket and well I'm like wearing a skirt I can't really put it in and [snorts] different colors of the handkerchiefs have like different meaning. Um so the one we see here like the green one um is the one saying that you're like a a sex worker or like a hustler. Um, if you have it in your left pocket, it means you're offering sex work. If you have it in your right uh back pocket, it means that you're looking for sex work. The white one we see um is universal. Doesn't matter where you wear it. It just stands for your prefer safer sex. So, like only with condoms or sometimes even like no no penetration whatsoever. Um the purple one I didn't really know until like I've never seen that in in reality. Apparently, it should be about piercings, whether you want to be pierced or not. Um, I've never seen that in real life, but I found this picture and I quite liked it. Um, and if you don't have like a back pocket, you usually take like this one is like dark blue. Um, [snorts] and you put it like around your wrist or sometimes even like around your neck and then like depending on where you have the knot, it says whether you're like on the top side, on the bottom side. Um, [snorts] or like also like with the light blue or like the dark blue means generally penetration. like if you want to have anal sex. Um the light blue stands for u um [ __ ] and you always have a little bit the thing that like if you wear it on the left side you're a top and if you wear it on the right side you're the bottom or like you're the receiving part. Um and you have like a lot of codes that kind of like come from that. So like the the colors are still the same. Um, even if you wear like harnesses or something, like if you see someone in like a um dungeon with like a red harness, it usually means they're into fisting. If you don't know what fisting is, Google it or use some other word. I'm not going to go into there. Um, same with like just black harnesses, it usually means that you're generally into BDSM play. Um, if it's a yellow harness, it usually means piss play. Um, so you do have like a variety and like these codes. Um, even if like the the hanky coat isn't really in use anymore because we have like dating apps and stuff nowadays and cruising isn't happening as much, but the colors still very much active like you still see them at like lots of queer parties. [snorts] Um, yeah. So, let's go a little bit into the history of queerness and to some degree like the the gay scene. Um, I am a little bit focused on the Where am I? I'm here. Um I'm a little bit focusing on the gays because it feel like they were more the forefront and to some degree it is also like the way gays have been discriminated is a little bit different from like lesbians and a lot of non-binary and trans folks is to some degree a point that we um it's kind of like a new development and that sounds awful because no they've been around forever like we know that for like long time but we didn't have like a lot of words to that and we I do come to that like a little bit more on the sciency part about it. Um but so the history of like the Gian we do have like a lot of cruising happening for ever like we can go back to like ancient Rome and stuff and we know that that happened. Um we see that like in the time of uh um Shakespeare or like of I don't know like it was always a thing. Um and if you're thinking at cruising about like some cruise ships somewhere like how is that connected to the gay scene? Now, there's like a practice where you basically have sex in somewhat shady places like some forest or like some park um or nowadays or like for a while often like public toilets or something. Um you may not approve but it is happening. It has been happening since the beginning of time. Um, also with the gay scene or like the the queer scene altogether, there's like a lot of sex work happening there and has been since ever and I sometimes feel a bit like the scene is a little bit removing that because we don't want to have too much to do with that. A little bit like the cruising like we don't really want to talk about it publicly. Um, but it's like an important part and it has been for ever as well sex work is the oldest profession in the world. Um, at some point we got a little bit more liberal. We got like the gay bus and like the dark rooms and like we have more specific places where to meet and hook up. Um, one of them was like the Stonewall in or still is a Stonewall Inn where the Stonewall riots happened in 1969. You probably know all know of this and was kind of like the yeah big start of the new gay liberation. Um and well the last part is kind of like the online dating that came to life to everyone but also to the queers. Um now let's talk a little bit about like stigma and shame because stigma and shame is a big part of the scene uh uh of the scene whether we want to or not. Um Evan Goffman, a sociologist um or like an American sociologist um wrote a couple of pieces about like uh stigma particularly and he differentiated differentiated between visible and invisible stigma. So some people get stigmatized for like their skin color and you can't really hide it or like very bad. So you always have to deal with it. And something like being queer is something that you usually can hide pretty well. Like I don't have to wear heels and a skirt and I can put like my hair away and don't wear fancy earrings and then maybe people don't notice that I'm queer. Maybe they still do, but like I can try to hide it. Um, hiding your skin color is something you can't really do. And it has a little bit of difference like your gender, you hardly can hide it too. Um, so the difference in like how you how visible you are for whatever you get stigmatized is also like a response in how you can react to it. So if you can hide it, people tend to hide it. Like you can't really hide your skin color. So it has for a long time like a different um approach and that is one of the reasons why a lot of the queer scene was for a very long time very invisible because you simply didn't see like they didn't show it. Um, [snorts] now I've lost my part. Um, yeah. So, with the stigma and shame, for some people it is more important to not be outed than to be safe. Like going cruising into like some park and hooking up with someone you've never talked to, you don't know their name or anything. It can mean that you have great sex, but it also can mean that things really get ugly and you don't like it at all. And yet a lot of people prefer this to some degree because it is safe because like you can't be outed like your co-workers or your family or something doesn't know. Um so like some people choose the more dangerous approach over the possible being outed or like telling your family or anyone like where you go. Um and so there's like a lot of focus on anonymity. um like you often have no names or like no no no personal info. Even like today with like online dating that is still quite a lot of thing for a lot of people. Um also like a lot of not showing their faces. It got less over the years but it's still a thing for quite some people. Um but then with that I also want to say like a lot of cruising to some degree also became a kink. Like some people it isn't really about like oh my god I need to be really protected. For some people it's just the kick itself like, "Oh my god, what's happening? Is anyone gonna catch me?" Like this is a thrill for some people. Um, and then well with the internet, no one knows you're a dog. [laughter] I kind of disagree with it by now to some degree. Um, but back then it was like uh the cartoon was made in 1993. Um, it was very much like the internet was kind of like the safe place. you can just like be whoever you are. Maybe that's also where the puppies were born. I don't think so. I do believe they were around longer than that. Um, but yes, on the internet generally it's kind of like a a safe thing or like they believe it was. Um, and then let's talk a little bit about like the sexual Oh, no. I'm the wrong side. [snorts] Um, on the sexual liberation. Um, what does it actually mean? Um well there was like the sexual liberation and like the 1968 and 69 and like the stonewall rights and we talked a lot more like in the 70s about uh sexual sexual liberation and like kind of like getting out of patriarchy. Um [snorts] and what we see by now is that younger generations have less sex than older generations. And that is to some degree why is that happening? Like we are more liberal so we can do more things. But we do see in signs or like in in statistics that younger people on average have less sex than um previous generations. Um however they also on average have more kinky sex like they are more kinky and they're also a lot more queer than previous generations. Like no generation has been as queer as the young people today. Um one of the arguments that is often coming a lot of it is like uh coming by porn because we watch porn. So something's like, well, you can just like watch porn, so you don't really have to find anyone and like have sex with them anymore. You can just watch porn and masturbate and be happy about it. Um, often it is kind of like used, oh my god, this is like so evil and so bad and like it's making everyone kinky and everyone queer. Um, and there is some point in it because like porn is to a lot of people also like an entry way to just know what you actually want or like to see that you're not alone with whatever is happening in your head or whatever is your fantasy. Um the science on pawn is really complicated like there is not a lot happened. There's a lot of opinion about pawn but there's like very little um good science happening on it to some degree also because yeah academics are somewhat aware of porn and there like not many many people researching it all together. Um and then we have uh Michael Fuko um like the French philosopher who wrote already like he wrote a lot about sexuality and like what you can say about sexuality and he wrote already like a point that um sexuality becomes like more individualized like people have more indivualities and that was before the golden age of porn like that was like in the 70s um that it was like really active um so it's like to a little bit like we see some correlation but we I don't really know if there's actually um like an actual cause between this. Um [snorts] and as we are like the French philosopher uh Fuko, does anyone of you know the mini tail? Yeah, some people. Impressive. Um I didn't until like a couple of days ago when I was re researching a little bit more about the the talk here. Um it was like an basically a shed system in France uh generated in uh 1980 and it was like shut down in 2012. However, the last couple of years it was very little used basically for like some freight fright uh things. Um and with the Minel we had the Minel Ross. It was like in the 80s um a very popular way to share like to to do a lot of sexing. I do not know to what extent that was also queer. I was trying to research it, but as I just came across a mini tail a couple of days ago. Um I don't really know how much it was. However, there's like an um um a mass murder happened like in 1991 where like an uh French guy was convicted after killing three gay people for meeting over Minel um for like BDSM sessions. So that did happen and we know that Miniale was also used for like queerness. Um and I am mentioning it so much because Miniale was kind of like the first proper online dating. That is not completely true. There were like some online dating happening like already or like some systems >> [snorts] >> um happening in Boston before when the internet was done long before the web. Um but miniale was like the first big one. And with that we come a little bit more into like the online dating alto together. Um and like how did it develop? Um the first proper online dating app or website was match.com and match.com was like originally the idea was like in 1993 and 1995 it became um uh yeah active um and it included from the very beginning like queer people. It had like from the very beginning to some degree like a focus on it. After that, the next uh gay sites or like the next dating sites there were were like Gada. We mentioned that already like in 1999. [snorts] Um in 2002 there came Gay Romeo by now only Romeo a German dating site. Um, in 2004, the Tuts, a German newspaper, leftwing newspaper, talked about like the pink lists claiming that um the like the gay romeo website is so popular in Germany that basically all gays are on that website. So, they talked about like the pink list that the Nazis had to search for like queers or gays um were like reenacted on that website. So it was like really popular and to some degree still is. Um then in 200 uh in 2009 uh no still in 2004 um there came also OkCid. I guess a lot of people know here know this one. Um and my experience was always pretty nerdy and pretty technical. It got a lot less over the years but like in the beginning it was quite nerdy. Um in 2009 we had Grinder. um we heard the sound already like it's I would say the prime gay dating app nowadays. Um and then like in 2012 Tinder became a thing and that is when I noticed like oh actually um non queer people are using online dating as well. Um so what I'm saying is that there's quite a time gap between um when queers used online dating and when like the heterosexuals started with it as well. Um, okay. No, this doesn't work. Um, so let's talk a little bit about heteronormativity. Um, the idea about like no, we we need to start with uh marriage, which is well like a very hetronormative thing like well a woman and a man come together and they laugh and marry each other. Historically speaking, this is not really true as in they didn't marry for love. They were basically um workmates. a little bit similar to what sometimes we nowadays or like particularly in the US I think um is called with like the work wife that you have because like you work together and back in the days like we go back centuries um a marriage was basically like a union of people to care for each other when you're getting sick like when you have children like bringing up um it wasn't really anything about love um we have a lot of religion forming hetronormativity um not all religions But like a lot of them particularly in Christianity um like kind of telling us like how we we live and there's like a point where hetronome uh no where the very loyal approach and like the very you only have sex to make children was useful and smart and that is before we had any kind of antibiotics which means like well back in the days a lot of people got like some kind of STI and you couldn't treat them. So like the idea about being very loyal to your partner made back in the time actually sense to save the population as its whole because you could just like die of syphilis or anything. Um so I think like sometimes when we we talk about heteronormativity um or like heterosexuals like this very strong focus on on loyalty and monogamy um we kind of miss from what time this approach came. And back then it was like not super stupid that the religion was so strongly monogamous. Um, by now it doesn't really make any sense anymore because you can treat all of it pretty easily. Um, but back then it was like an actual thing. Um, yeah. And then well we did have like the the Victorian age and like the restoration that was like when a lot of roles for people or like a lot of gender roles were like a lot stronger and forced than before. Um [snorts] and the idea about like um marriage is for laugh is basically like a Hollywood idea. Um okay we don't have as much time anymore. Um basically done. Um there's like one thing like in the digital development. So let's talk about like why this one is so queer. Um San Francisco was like always kind of like the queer heaven and the hippie haven before it became Silicon Valley. Um innovation is needed or like always prescripted by by social need. Um we can skip a little bit of it. So let's talk about the flip. Um there's like an British philosopher Miranda Fricker um who coined the to term epistemic injustice. What it means is that you need words to describe what you are um or like what you experience. Her experience was um sexual harassment. So before the term sexual harassment was coined, you couldn't really talk about it. And this is a bit the same with like a lot of queer people because before you had words for like to describe you couldn't really say what you were and you couldn't really find anyone. Um by now queerness is like a lot more accepted general in the public. So coming back to the hacker scene like where did the big flip come from? Why is now everyone queer? Um the hacker scene became like a safe space. So like first when I was like entering the hacker space it didn't feel like a safe space or like it didn't feel like a a queer safe space but when I kind of like came back I noticed like oh my god there are a lot of queers and like the general acceptance is here. So the hacker events itself also became kind of like safe to just try out things and to figure out things. Um and yeah um with that I think we are kind of done. Um I'm Oh no, I'm sorry. [laughter] Important thing I missed. Eight. One of the things we sometimes miss in this like when talking about it is also that like a generation of queers or particularly gays is simply vanished. Like they don't live anymore. Like we don't have a lot of old people telling us how to do that because there was the AIDS epidem to some degree still is. um and just eradicated like a whole society. Um so that's to some degree also like why we um yeah why the flip just happened because now I feel like I'm the old one. Um because people are 30 years older than me. There aren't many queers or [snorts] like many gays particularly. Um the early internet um it was over useful for queers. Um, basically if you live like somewhere in the countryside, you want to find similar people than yourself. So when the internet was around, it was like a really good way to just find each other. Um, because the one bar you can't really go to. You're not sure if it's safe. Um, and so if you're like more inclined to use it, you're also more inclined to um, get involved and develop it. So that's like one part why so many people end up here. Um and the late internet like what we see nowadays is a little bit the opposite. Um as in first we kind of like made the internet for ourself and now we have a little bit like works for most and often it doesn't really work for the queers anymore or for like specific groups. That is like a fundamental thing. It's not so much about like queerness. It's if some technology get adopted for like everyone it does not mean that the specific groups are like always best met. And to quite some degree I see that lately um on the internet like tech development altogether [snorts] um and well you have like less niches that you can go to because a lot of regulation happened and you simply don't have yeah the niches that we we need. Um, and that means a little bit like, okay, we go to like Macedon and stuff um, and have like their own website to like try to find that. And to some degree, I noticed that it's like the queer scene is moving a little bit offline again. To some degree, it's like, well, we are meeting here. We are not just like in some stream or something. It is also like these events became more important like the offline events. I mean, it's all streamed and everything. And sure, we are like all very digital. Um, but it's also like the the offline part becomes to some degree more of a safe space than um yeah, online. And this video we're going to skip um because we don't really have time for that. But I guess most of you know this. If not, look for it. The internet is for porn. Um was like an uh yeah um musical in New York. Um and then well contacts if you do want to contact me um there's like my email and my master account also like some website um you can check out also if you disagree with something if you say like I I don't know missed a lot of things um just come to me to um the Q&R tent. I'm not sure where exactly it is afterwards. And also come to me today because I'm only here today. This is a little bit of an awful thing, but that was the only thing I could manage um timewise because I have to leave tonight sadly. And with that, thanks [applause]