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Tree Grafting in the Personality Disorder Wing - EMF 2026

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The video recounts the speaker Joe's experience delivering a horticultural course at HMP Whitemore, a high-security prison in Cambridge, highlighting the surreal and often bureaucratic challenges of working within the correctional system. Upon arrival, Joe faced immediate scrutiny from guards who initially confiscated his pruning shears despite having prior approval, illustrating the unpredictable nature of prison security protocols where staff are often reluctant to sign off on risks. This environment is further characterized by severe overcrowding, with nearly half of UK prisons classified as such, and a demographic that is predominantly male, ethnically minority, and suffering from high rates of trauma, abuse, and low literacy. Many inmates have personality disorders and chaotic life histories marked by a lack of societal support, creating a bleak setting where nature is scarce and mental health resources are limited. To address these issues, the program "Seeding Hope" was established to introduce native trees and plants into the prison environment, aiming to provide therapeutic benefits through biophilia and the concept of "unselfing," which helps individuals connect to something larger than themselves. The core philosophy relies on horticultural therapy as a non-confrontational alternative to traditional trauma-informed care, where inmates must admit their offenses to progress but can find healing by caring for living things over long periods. Trees, in particular, offer a unique perspective because they live for centuries, helping inmates understand time and responsibility beyond their immediate circumstances. The speaker emphasizes that while the confrontational nature of discussing past crimes is difficult, the act of nurturing plants fosters a desire to give back, especially given the high cost of incarceration, and provides a rare opportunity for men who feel like burdens on society to contribute meaningfully. Despite the program's potential, it faced numerous practical obstacles including strict tool control measures that required every screw to be accounted for, a lack of water infrastructure due to security restrictions, and rigid scheduling that limited inmate access to just four hours per week. The speaker also notes the irony of growing trees near fences while security personnel remained paranoid about escape routes, and the disappointment when fish tanks could not be installed due to the absence of running water. Nevertheless, the small wins were profound; inmates who had not walked on grass in a decade began to cry with joy, and some achieved significant personal milestones such as recategorization from high-security Category A to lower categories, marking a tangible step toward reintegration. Ultimately, the project demonstrated that despite funding cuts and administrative hurdles, connecting prisoners with nature yields transformative results for both individuals and society. The speaker concludes that while the financial model intended to be self-sustaining through tree sales could not be maintained long enough to fully mature, the emotional impact of seeing men realize their capabilities and possibilities remains invaluable. The story serves as a call for more compassion toward incarcerated men and a broader integration of nature into daily life, suggesting that even in the most restrictive environments, planting seeds can grow hope and facilitate genuine behavioral change.
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Oh, hello. Hello. My name is Joe. Um, so it's hard to believe now. A few years ago, 2024, I turned up on a cold, crisp autumn day at a a large brick building in the middle of the fence in Cambridge here. Um it's the highsecurity prison HMP Whitemore to deliver a horicultural course for the day. Um to go into the prison, you have to go into the the uh entrance office bit, take off all your metal items, all your outer coats, all your belts, your boots, your bags, everything and put it in through a big X-ray machine while some um terrifying guards stare at you and you walk through a metal detector arch. So I I it's a thing I've done many many times before. So I did it as usual, put my bag through, walked through, get patted down. Uh as I was coming out the other side, collecting my stuff, I overheard one of the guards whisper to the other one, "He's got some he's got some loppers in his bag." And the other one looked at and went. She said, "But he's not allowed to have those." The second guard again went she somehow like built up the courage to come and uh uh affront me about it and said and told me I wasn't allowed to have them. I supposed to have filled out a particular form and supposed to gone another way. And so I apologized and said that I was going to fill out the form. I would definitely do it as soon as I got inside. Um and she let me through with my with my loppers to carry on unescorted through the prison to do uh to do my course. Um this is just one of the the many surreal experiences that seem to come up quite a lot when working in prisons. Um sometimes frustrating, sometimes bizarre. Um but yeah, so I uh I ran for a few years a uh a program called Seeding Hope, which was building and running tree nurseries in prisons. um Whitemore being being one of the main ones. Um so the idea was that we would collect seed from outside the prisons u bring them in uh stratify them with the guys clean them look after them uh put them in the fridge for a few months grow them on and then they would be uh planted out in community organizations and schools and things like that. Um but while we were uh doing this with the guys, we'd also put them through uh horicultural qualifications. So they come out with a a vocational um qualification in practical horiculture uh and also bring in uh therapists uh nutritionists talking people to help them make the most of the opportunity that there there was in front of them. Hopefully some of that will become uh yeah why we need to do that. Uh so, uh prisons, I don't know if anyone here has ever been in a prison as as for work or as a customer, but they are um rather rather terrifying and bleak places. Uh at the moment, um there's about 90,000 prisoners uh in in the UK and between 95 and 96% of those prisoners are are men. Um it is a very very gendered issue within this country. Um, not only that, 27% of them are from ethnic groups, minority ethnic groups, um, compared to 18% of the general population. Um, and 56% of our prisons in this country are classified as crowded. Um, so they are stressful, tiring, noisy places uh, where men are put and largely forgotten about. Um so these are men who have obviously committed crimes, done bad things um to people who didn't deserve it. Um but they are also people who have been in by and large failed by society as well. Um so oh can you hear me? Yep. Uh 24% of prisoners um newly sentenced prisoners have uh experience of care growing up. Um that's compared to roughly 1% of the general population. Um 29% have experienced abuse u and 41% have experienced have observed abuse. Um and that that experienced abuse goes up to 52% in young offenders institutes. This is a a really sad sad thing that's gone all the way through these these men's lives. Uh 50% of prisoners um cannot read or cannot read to a level one literacy. Um 95% read below sorry 57% read below the 11 year olds level. Um 47 enter with no qualifications. 30% have a learning disability compared to 2.5% of the general population. Um and then relevant to some of the work I did as well um 23% have personality disorders of some kind. Um so these are these are people who have had chaotic hard lives uh have not made good choices um and are paying a price for it. We we hear a lot I hear a lot about gas the glass ceiling in employment in this country. Uh I think there is also a glass floor that those of us who who have the privilege of having a support system around us, there is a level that we can fall down to there'll be someone there to help us out. There are a large number of men in this country uh who don't have that support system and they can fall very far down. Now with all of that overcrowdedness of prisons, the lack of resources, the lack of offices, the crumbling infrastructure, um some men in that are so unwell even they get to have some mental health support. There aren't very many, but there are some uh trauma wings, personality disorder wings. They change the name every now and then through uh through the years. Uh these are men who have maybe linked to their crim their criminal behavior, maybe not have managed to um convince enough people that they need support that there is some there for them. These are generally small units that they will be on a program over the course of um four or five years. Um and there'll be a huge range of or a range of supports I should say. Um but a lot of that is based on uh them coming to terms with their criminal behavior uh their patterns and their thought processes and trying to work their brains out of that. Um I strongly believe nature connection um can be one of the ways one of the tools that we can use to bring people back from that. um I can show them a new way to live in the world and as a as a society. Um biophilia the idea that we have um brought up in nature as a species. We've lived very very closely with the natural world for for millennia. Um it is a part of us and it is a basic human need that we have. Um also within the chaotic society that we have at the moment there is a lot of things that we need to pay attention to. your attention is demanded and it is tiring. Um, as I'm sure we all all know, by the end of the day, we can be worn out and tired and from having to give all this energy to our attention. Being in nature is a way that we can soften that focus and it restores our energy whether that is sitting under a tree, walking in the park, touching grass, u all these kinds of things makes a real u real difference. Um and the there's also an idea of unselfing. So you connect to a larger sense of of the world around you rather than just focusing on yourself. And that that helps provide uh nourishment to the soul which we all we all deserve and we all need. Um now plants particularly um as an intervention um have been proven through uh lots of uh studies to provide therapeutic um outcomes particularly within the criminal justice system. Uh the there are known uh what they call desistance pathways the these ways that people can work towards stopping the behaviors that have led them to commit criminal acts. Um so these include things like uh identity transformation, education and vocational training, the mental health, the social support and the spirituality which hopefully provide some of the context of why we chose to set up the program in the way that we did. Horicultural therapy and growing things for people as well is a uh is a non-confrontational way for people to be with other people uh within the within the trauma wing, the fence unit. um the the work that they're doing is is very confrontational. People having to do a lot of talking about what's what they've done, their behavior, why they've the patterns that they have, and what's caused them to be there. I had quite a few illuminating conversations with with guys who who had committed horrific events um and talking about their their path onwards and outwards and and to move on to different things. and they they made it very very clear that you cannot you cannot get recatgorized, you cannot get parole. If you do not admit your offense, so innocent people, if you if you genuinely believe you're innocent, you won't ever make it out of the system or it will take you an awful lot longer. But that confrontation of confronting what's often been the worst thing that you've done in your life and being judged about the one worst thing that you've ever done is is really hard on people. And and it's not to take away from the horrific things that these people have done. Um when you when you look after plants, you have to look after something. You I know it sounds really really basic, but you have to you have to care for a thing. And these are men who have things who are very aware that they are being looked after. They know that they're a burden on society. They're very aware of the cost of holding somebody in prison. In White Moore, I think it's about £60,000 a year. It's about the equivalent of going to a private school that we're we're housing hundreds of people and they they know that and they want to there is a desire to give back. They they know that they want to do something better and and looking after plants and working on themselves through plants and caring for something over a long period of time and particularly with trees where you know that it's the it's the start of a couple hundred years of life of this tree really does help put things in perspective and helps men care for something outside of them. and ultimately a rare opportunity. Um, prisons are oblique. As I said before, there is not very much nature. Where there is nature, it's often just mode grass. Uh, maybe a very basic private hedge. Um, I did a fair amount of work trying to put in more uh wild flower areas and things, but the uh security gets um a bit twitchy about some surprising things. U particularly planting trees um planting trees near fences. I once had a had to have a massive meeting with the security while we were trying to set up this program that I was talking about growing trees from seed and I said well well won't they be able to climb over them uh and get out of the walls and these are 5 m high fences and we were growing 30 cm saplings I don't quite know what he thought that was going to happen but uh yeah took quite a bit of convincing um now on top of all of this when you grow things often it fails um the plants die uh in in In this case, a lot of plants died. Um I I'll hopefully have time to talk about some of the reasons for that in a little bit. Um but having dealing with that, dealing with the failure, dealing with the um the cycle of that where things die and you you use what you can and you you try again and you learn and grow was really yeah, it's a bit of a bit of a sideways metaphor, but it really does help. Um and there and that does then offer no shame or low shame with it. Um, and just on a practical point as well, coming in as a as a horicultural therapist, I'm I'm not a I'm not a therapist really in lots of ways. Um, I'm not an officer and so I could go in as a neutral third person. I wasn't an authority figure. I was there to to give them something. And that gave a uh a a real opportunity to share information in ways that people don't normally. So, as as I sort of touched on before, these are these are men who have done horrific things. Um, and we would we would talk they would often tell me about the crimes that they committed and the the reasons they got there. Um, they obviously didn't frame it in the things we were talking about before about their uh the the lack of glass floor or um things like that, but the the the chaos and the trauma in their lives was always very evident. Um, and it was and and it was tough at times and it is it is tough to hear people talk about that and talk relatively matterofactly um about it but within the context of explaining why they got to where they did. Um, and then you would then you flip on to more social subjects or chat chitchat. Um, the guys that I was with worked for for a long time uh massive fans of Married at First Sight. Absolutely loved it. And so we would [laughter] They would spend ages telling me in detail the ins and outs of the um what was going on in Married at First Sight. Very very hilarious and surreal experience. These big guys tattoos and yeah the uh but it was in some ways it was um them being able to look at relationships look at relationships of other people um often that they didn't have in their own lives. um one one gentleman I worked with for um in various different ways for many years um he had committed a crime when he was 16 um and a very violent crime. He was in his late 20s when I knew him um and had never been out of prison since um had and was looking to be in there for a long time. And so his concept of what adult relationships like was obviously very very twisted. um going through going through the system from the Young Offenders Institute all the way up to um the category A prisons. Um so uh yeah so that's that's in lots of ways of background. Well what were we actually doing? So we um yeah if we we talk about what we were growing we were growing British uh British seeds um trying to pro promote the use of native woodland native hedging uh standard trees forest trees and orchards within the country. So we would uh I would collect and work with a few other people to collect seeds from stands register them. You'd have to clean them different ways. Now trees have to go through a cycle. They have to go through a a cold period mostly before they'll germinate. Um, so you can either leave them outside and hope the winter gets cold enough. Now it often doesn't. So you can force that by putting them in the fridge. Uh, so we would bag them up, put them in the fridge, check them every week um, and bring them out. And when they started to sprout, we would then uh, prick them out and grow them on into in root trainers. Uh, we would also um tried tried in lots of ways to grow. So I'm very passionate about apple trees. I love apple trees. I like cider. Um we obviously couldn't make cider but we could graft apple trees. So we um yeah we tried to so to graft an apple tree you take a you take a roottock of the roots you want and the scionwood that you want and you and you cut them you cut them both in just a way you bind them together and something new comes out of it. Um I'm sure there's a metaphor in there somewhere um about yeah something anyway. Um, and so we would do that. They would they I'd got an agreement that they would let me uh let the guys do the the cutting. Um, as long as we chained the knives to the table and they weren't able to reach each other and Yeah. And then so I turned up one morning with a dozen very sharp knives to a prison gate, slightly apprehensive. Uh, and they wouldn't let me in, surprisingly enough, [laughter] because prison security is is serious um, and very very fickle, it turns out. So, um, to to get tools into a prison, you normally need to turn up uh, provide a tool list. So, you need to provide a list of absolutely everything that you are going to bring in. So, that's down to you have to count every single screw. You have to take everything. Then you have to go through that with an officer who will go through everything and sign it all off and then you'll go to where you work and every hour they'll count everything again and you have to they have to make sure that everything is accounted for and at the very end everything you're taking out they again they sign off. The problem is one day officers are stretched and don't have time. Um and two often they don't want to put their name to it so they just let you through but you don't know you don't know till you turn up. Um some things have to go through an machine but you don't know till you turn up. um is one of the many many practical challenges of working in a prison that the security is very very strict. Uh but it is often dependent on the risk of the person who is dealing with you. Um so you can't always always tell what you can do. But so yeah, I turned up. So I got I'd spoken to the uh spoken to the governors. I've spoken to the people delivering the course. Everyone agreed that I could do this grafting. I could make it all work. We' we' done designs. We got all the bits to make it all attached. We'd all got it agreed and all I needed. The reason they wouldn't let me through the gates is because no one would put their name to it. It's as simple as that. No one would wanted to take on the risk themselves to do it and so uh we had to find other ways. uh challenges then um we we I'd converted there's a bit of old astroturf out the back of the prison that um I've been able to put some raised beds and green houses and uh a few bits for some reason they let me put in a grass greenhouse but not a poly tunnel. I never really understood that. Um uh yeah but there was no there was no water on the site. It was a parched about half an acre of of astro turf. Uh there was no there was no water because well one you're not allowed more than a meter of hose in the tools any more than a meter something will happen so you weren't allowed that there wasn't a tap uh I did get a quote to put in there was a there was water point just outside the other side of a fence internal fence uh but it would have been £60,000 to put in about 10 m of pipe and a hose so obviously no one wants to pay for that um interesting actually the only reason we one of the reasons we've done that was because the guys had dug out one of the big beds and wanted to put some fish in it. And I pointed out that you couldn't put fish in it unless they had water. Um, [laughter] yeah, but they'd already done the hard work. So, they were they were very disappointed that yeah, that didn't that didn't happen. Um, one of the many many disappointments. Um and so the we we collected rain water uh and there was a water point but it was dependent on the officers uh on their in their lunch break um coming down and filling up the water but so we could use it uh cuz we we couldn't have them in obviously couldn't have the gate open while the guys were in there. Um and so and if we if for one of the one of the many times we went there um and we couldn't get in for one reason or another the watering didn't get done hence losing a lot of a lot of trees. Obviously you can't have any automatic watering systems. Um and and yeah and then so you got tools, you got access to water, you got time as well. So like we we had the capacity to run this course. We could have done it as much as they we were able to but they said okay no we can only do one day a week. So okay we can do one day full day grand we can do that. So okay right well the guys won't be able to come out until half past 9. So okay that's fine. I can be in there I can be there for half past 9. Is that okay? But they got to go in and got to be banged up for their lunch at half past 11 because we can't they got to be banged up while we do all the lunch stuff. Okay, excellent. Well, we can that's 2 hours. We can do stuff in the afternoon. Okay. Well, they can't come back out again until 2:00. Okay. Then, oh, and then they got to go off for their their dinner at 4:00. So, a whole week's worth of time is 4 hours. That's if they turn up on time. if they don't get banged up, they don't get locked down, someone doesn't jump on the nets, something doesn't happen, um that you couldn't come out as is often the case or waiting for medication and things. So, um yeah, that's a bleak point to end on. Uh that's the there is lots of challenges. Uh but it was worth it. When when it worked, it was fantastic. I've had grown men crying because they've walked in grass for the first time in 10 years. We've had people making realizations about uh their past and what they're capable of and their possibilities for the future all while tending trees and plants in the gardens. It is for all the hard work. It is the small wins the small wins that the guys don't often get. It is incredibly rewarding um but horrifically hard work. Um I haven't got a a thesis on what we should do different. I think that there is just so many challenges. Um so to to send this off um we I managed to run a course completely like that for one complete year uh in one prison. There was a few other prisons we've done similar things but not not to the full extent. Um and out of those um two people uh well they all completed it. We had a dozen guys complete it. uh two of them I know um through their own hard work wasn't definitely was not all through our course but went on to be recatategorized including the young uh the chap who had been in prison since he was 16 uh he went on to to be to be able to move away from cat moved down to cat B um moved prisons on his way out of the system or another step towards his way out the system and there was two other men who were on a similar path at the end of it some other people were further away from that so uh and Then um inevitably and um predictably money ran out. Uh the funding that we needed to make it run. It was supposed to be self- sustaining with the trees, but trees take a long time to grow. Um and the funding dropped out with very little notice and the whole that part of it had to unfortunately close. Um so yeah, that's that's my happy story. Trees are fantastic. We need more of them. We need more compassion for men in prison and we need um we need more nature all the way through our lives. Thank you very much. [applause] Thank you. [applause]