These Simple Habits Could Add Years To Your Life (It's Not Diet Or Exercise)

People who are 80 years old, the fast walkers, the top 10% of walkers actually have less cognitive decline. [music] You open the book going after the wellness world's most extreme corners. Now, I push back on those fads in my own world right here on this podcast as well. And I really enjoyed you writing about what made you sit down and say enough is enough. Yep. So, I teach at the University of Pennsylvania and I finished the semester usually in the first week of December and when I finished Peter Rati's Outlive landed on my desk. We still can't figure out why cuz I didn't order it. I thought my brother sent it but he claims not. In any case, it showed up. I read it and it just made me pissed as hell and totally furious. And in the next 3 weeks, I wrote out 35,000 words, basically the first draft of this book. And what in particular made me mad was several things. First, his emphasis on being obsessed by outliving as it were some kind of, you know, you get the gold medal if you live longer than anyone, you know, which seems insane. And in my view, you know, living a long healthy life is a means to an end. It's not your goal. And if it's your goal, you something is wrong. The second thing is the overemphasis on exercise and a little bit on food and a little bit on sleeping. It's like, yeah, all of those are important, don't get me wrong, but they're not the most important thing. And we know the most important thing, as you point out, is social relationships. And so that just I had to fix that. And then there's this sort of emphasis on getting it exactly right. And you know, life is not mostly about getting things exactly right. You know, I I like to say life is not, you know, the final performance you need in figure skating for an Olympic gold. Life is about, you know, we all make mistakes. We don't do necessarily take our own advice all the time. And you have to be a little more forgiving of yourself and recognize, you know, you have to get some healthy habits. Do those habits over decades. But you don't have to, you know, never eat a hot dog. I'm a Chicago boy. I love hot dogs. Are they on the wellness diet? Absolutely not. You know, they're processed meats. They've got nitrates and nitrates. A couple of hot dogs every 6 months or a year ain't going to kill me. and you know it'll give me a lot of joy. It'll remind me of you know my childhood and fun events. It was all of those things which said to me you know we got to become more sane when it comes to wellness. Wellness is important but we've lost the sort of perspective of uh normal people. Is there a real line between a legitimate longevity practice and all this crazy expensive noise out there? Yeah, I think the line is what's the evidence? [laughter] I think it's just that simple. So, what I try to do in my book is all right, what does the data show us? And there are some things and I have them in the book where, you know, we don't have enough data, but and I think I give people a pretty reasonable way of thinking about it. If it's not going to hurt you and it's not going to cost a lot of money and it might help you, okay, >> you grew up in Chicago. Uh, I grew up in Omaha and Milwaukee and in Omaha I grew up in in a half Catholic half Jewish neighborhood and we didn't know the difference as kids and so I I thoroughly enjoyed your don't be a schmuck uh to start with and be a mench at the end. But can you tell people what don't be a schmuck means to you? And maybe your Volvo story is a good starting off point. [laughter] >> When I turned 11, we moved to the northern suburbs of Chicago, just north of Chicago. Lovely suburb, but I was not a suburban kid. I was a city kid where I could walk or ride or take public transportation wherever I wanted. I did not rely on my mother and we moved to the suburbs and there was no public transportation nearby and you had to rely on my mother and I hated it. So when I turned 16, I wanted to liberate myself. And the way to liberate myself was to get a car. And at that time, there was this free newspaper called The Reader. And it was supported by hundreds, if not thousands of classified ads, all about three sentences long. And I would constantly look in there for a used car that I had enough bar mitzvah money so I could purchase it. And every time my father caught me, and it came out on a Friday, and every time my father caught me over the weekend looking, he would say, "Don't be a schmuck. You can't afford a car. You don't need a car. You're not getting a car." And I would continue to look and it would aggravate him. And then one day, I finally found a car, an old Volvo 122. And I remember because I was like obsessed by getting a Volvo or a Sab. They seemed so cool to me and reliable and all the other stuff. and I could afford it. It was like $400. So, I called the guy up. My younger brother Ari and I went down there and we checked out the car so thoroughly. You know, we rolled down every window. We, you know, looked at all the fabric, everything, and we said, you know, to the guy, we want to take it for a ride. So, we took it and went around the block, you know, got it up into third gear. I couldn't get it to fourth gear because just couldn't go that fast on Chicago streets. Seemed fine. So, we got a deal from the guy, bargained him down, drove the car home, pulled into the driveway, and my dad comes out of THE HOUSE. WHAT THE HELL IS THIS? You know, it's like [laughter] uh I said, "Dad, we bought a car and plus dad, it was a deal." Now, my dad was a cheapkate beyond cheap skates and he was having none of it. And he, you know, he says, "Yeah, you're just a schmuck." And he said, "You know, pull out the car. I got to get my car. I got to go." So then we found out the problem. It didn't go in reverse. [laughter] And you know, my father is like, you know, get the car out of the driveway. So we pushed it out. And uh, you know, he said, like, you're just a truck. And so he said, we're calling Ralph. We're getting rid of the car. That was my first car purchase. I learned a lot of lessons that way. >> So, you know, you talk about your father a lot in the book and how he basically never met a person he didn't like and never met a person he didn't want to talk to. And it's a it's funny because my father was exactly the same way. And >> I think it's a kind of generational thing, you know. >> Yeah. It was embarrassing cuz your own your dad would talk to the person next to him in the restaurant and whatever. And that brings me to something I think it's really important in your book and I want to >> go there next. Probably the most underrated longevity marker lever that you can turn is relationships. [snorts] And yeah, I'm going to start with one. I I actually tell my patients and you have a chapter about this. never retire. What say you? >> You know, in America when we talk about retirement and thinking about and planning for retirement, it's all about money, money, money, the finances. Get the finances right. And no one talks about the brain, the brain, the brain. Make sure that you're mentally sharp in your retirement. Otherwise, as much money as you have ain't going to be fun or enjoyable or fulfilling. And it turns out that there are data about the potential dangers to cognitive, you know, cognitive functioning from retirement. My favorite one is a Rand study from Rand is a think tank out in Santa Monica. One of the economists looked at the average retirement age in different countries and as you know in Europe uh they vary a lot and showed that the earlier the retirement the more earlier cognitive impairment occurred and you can understand why. And I'll tell another anecdote that's not in the book. When I publish a book, a guy who worked at the University of Pennsylvania with me emailed me and he said, "Well, you know, what you say about retirement rings so true to me." And he said, "You know, I retired a couple of years ago and the thing that happened is, you know, all sorts of things just disappeared overnight. my social circle at work, the challenges of work, the guys I used to hang out with and we would go for lunch every week and and chew the and, you know, were just my friends. It all disappeared instantaneously. And now I'm more isolated than I've been in decades. And I think that's what we forget what work provides us. You know, it provides us a schedule. So we're we're committed and and other people are relying on us. So we want to fulfill the job. We have challenges with our job that we have to negotiate. We have challenges with our colleagues. And then we have uh you know just friends who we hang out at the water cooler or some of our closest friends we make at work. And all of those things sort of disappear as my friend communicated. And it's another I mean it's the main reason not to to retire or if you retire make sure you plan it not just for the money but for how are you going to stay engaged? How are you going to maintain friendships and things like that and we so so rarely do that. >> Yeah, you're absolutely right. In fact, you know, I continue to see patients six days a week and it's a downward spiral once uh yes, >> once they retire and and this is now happening to women and this used to be just a men issue and now women leaving the workforce, retiring the same thing happens to them. Uh >> yeah, absolutely. >> Yeah. And your advice is absolutely correct. My father took early retirement because he thought his father died at 54 and he thought his number was up very shortly and it drove him and my mother crazy and so [laughter] he joined a lot of civic organizations but get this he became a greeter at Walmart uh yeah in his retirement and he loved it I mean he was you know really smart guy an executive and he's a greeter at Walmart so >> I forget where I went I went and the guy who was hosting me for, you know, some kind of speaking event, you know, said that yeah, he worked at the uh hospitality desk at a hotel advising people about what to do. I guess it was one of these resorts or vacation places advising people about the activities that were readily available for exactly the same reason. It wasn't because he needed the money. He wanted the interaction with people. He wanted to be helpful. And I think that's exactly right. >> Now, I also I talk about I actually write prescriptions for people to get a dog. I literally write out a prescription and some of them bring it back framed as the best prescription a doctor has ever given them. And you know, dogs require walking and often it is a wonderful time to interact with their dog walkers and >> they get to sniff each other's butts and we get to sniff, you know, people's butts, I guess. >> Yeah. No, I and um I don't have a dog now, but I used to have a dog and Exactly. It's one of those I like to call them wellness trifectas because you're getting some physical exercise. You go to the dog park or wherever you're walking your dog and yeah, you begin talking to people because the dogs are interacting. [laughter] If you're shy or introverted or, you know, just get a dog because not only will you like the dog, but you will start talking to people inevitably. I think the other thing that's fascinating to me, my research over the last 20 years has been on the microbiome. And it's fascinating how we share our microbiome with those of us, those around us. And we know that, for instance, obese people, people who frequent around obesity catch obesity. And part of it is you catch this obesogenic microbiome. And yeah, so I think that's another thing we really should be spending time sharing microbiomes with other people, particularly thin people. >> Would you consider sharing your microbiome with those around you? >> Well, it's very funny. you know these fecal transplants now we're getting off a little bit from the book but you know we we the medical profession has begun using them especially for ced difficil a terrible overgrowth of particular bacteria in the gut and you know antibiotics often don't work because it's resistant and the one thing that does work is fecal transplants so we might make a joke one of the things that I have always um has perplexed me is the um sort of rigidity with which the system allows people to be donors for freal transplants. You can't have traveled. You can't and it's like my daughter told me that there's uh one guy in Boston who provides all the [laughter] stool for fecal transplants in Boston and like if he takes a trip we're all dead. >> You know, it's funny. uh you're like you say you spent a lot of time talking about your father and his he just couldn't resist talking to people and like I said it embarrassed me for the num number of years and I guess I was fairly shy and I was at a meeting oh about I don't know 25 years ago something I was chairman of program committee and I I was out to eat that night and the only seat was at a bar and a chef's are. And after a few minutes, I became best friends with this couple that I had no idea who they were. By the end of the evening, they were, you know, they wanted me to come and visit and stay at their house. And as soon as we got off, I I called my wife and I said, "Oh my gosh." I said, "I have become my father. This is [laughter] this is the worst possible thing that could possibly happen to me." Looking back, it was probably one of the best things that could happen to me. Yeah. And I I think I >> I think my my experience is exactly yours. You know, when my dad did this, right, it just made me uh suddenly become shy. Yeah. I want to crawl under the table, leave the restaurant, whatever. And now I'm the big evangelist. Um so we were in New Zealand the other week and having this unbelievable meal that we we were celebrating our anniversary. my wife and I and I happened on this restaurant which just absolutely superb. Subsequently, it got two Michelin stars and I said, you know, I got to find the chef. I got to go TALK TO THE CHEF and I'm the guy getting up and, you know, got to talk to him because he's doing a great job. And we talked about how he got trained and all the other stuff and uh yes, I've become my father. So you make an incredibly powerful argument that this is something that when you look at super aers you know 95 and above above 100 who are doing well this community engagement this support from other people this interest in other people this interest in families is rampant in all of these these, you know, super aers. >> There are a number of articles out there that interview these people because of of course they're still, as you point out, people over a hundred, um, while there may be more, they're still pretty rare, especially ones who are pretty active. And almost invariably when you, uh, read those articles and read, you know, what keeps them healthy, you know, people will say all sorts of things. Um and then all of them say family or friends most important things and there's actually a study in China that said you know look at centinarians people who lived over a hundred and the ones who were doing the best were when their family visited them every day. So not only people coming but a lot of social interaction and then you know if they went to like a maang group or some other communal activity. So those are the things that yes keep people quote unquote young even as they age. All right let's move on to the title of your book. Eat your ice cream. Really? Yeah. talk about everybody should know he actually wanted to call this book don't be a schmuck. This is true. Correct. >> That's right. >> And you were talked out of it and [snorts] I believe you that whoever talked you out of it eat your ice cream will certainly sell a book better than don't be a schmuck. >> Yeah. So I was resistant and very resistant but the publisher is like you know don't be a schmuck is a downer. And then we had hard time coming up with a good title and someone who an agent actually for me came up with the title and it is the winner. You know, I'll tell you how big a winner is. You know, my brother knows a thing or two. My brother Ariel knows a thing or two about um getting to the public and connecting with the public. And he said the person who came up with that title, that agent who happens to work for him, he said she is worth her weight in gold. [laughter] >> So do you really expect me to come out in favor of we should have a half a cup of ice cream every day of our lives as you imply in the book? >> Well, I will say a number of people have come up to me and told me that they eat ice cream every day. I am not recommending that. For some people, it's the right thing. I have a friend who 900 p.m. his quote unquote night cap is a scoop of ice cream. Not scotch or anything like that, but a scoop of ice cream. And my wife's grandmother, she lived to 101 and lived in her own house to 100. And she had literally had ice cream every day. She always said there ice cream. There's always a room in the stomach for ice cream. it'll just squiggle in around everything else. So, there was a study in 2014 from Harvard Medical School. >> I remember that study about it in a book. Yeah. >> They were looking at uh dairy products and type 2 diabetes and they ran the numbers on about 150,000 maybe 190,000 people in the nurses and physician health study and it turned out that the number one best dairy product to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes was ice cream. Number two was yogurt. Now, what's funny is when you go and read the abstract of the article, it says not a word about ice cream because they were skeptical. This how could this be true? You know, it's got sugar in it. But that's what the table in the article says. Yogurt fit their model, but ice cream didn't. But that's what the article uh points out. And apparently similar data have been found in other studies. But you know first of all ice cream is a mainly a dairy product and we know dairy products are quite good in terms of improving the lining of the colon. The saturated fats tend is uh attenuated. It's not the same as saturated fats in meats because of the membrane around it. >> Yeah. And it also, you know, dairy products prevent the big spike in glucose in your bloodstream from having the sugar in the ice cream. So you don't get the high glycemic index. So all of that is consistent with ice cream being good. But nonetheless, look, to go back to a point we were talking about earlier, you know, the fact of the matter is life is not just about self-denial. You're not going to become healthy by self-denial. You'll go off the wellness activities if you have to, you know, deny yourself things just to do them. You know, it's about pleasure too and it's a life is rich and one of the things many people like is ice cream. But let me add one other thing. I was promoting the book in one place. I was promoting it. All the interviews were done in an ice cream parlor and they made me a special ice cream and I sat there for hours doing interviews and one of the things I noticed is people don't come into ice cream parlors alone. They come in with their spouse or friends and it's a social activity. Eating ice cream is not just I'm going to have this nice dessert. It's also a social activity. So again, you've got this wellness trifecta element. The last thing I would say is not all ice cream is created equal. >> Correct. >> And that's a really important point. You want to look for the ice cream that has the fewest ingredients. The ones that have emulsifiers and polyorbate 80 and all of those things. Stay away from them. I've been approached by a number of those ultrarocessed ice creams to, you know, do something with them. I said, "No, no, your stuff isn't healthy." >> Thank you. I have a recipe in in one of my books for chocolate avocado ice cream and >> Oh, wow. >> And so if you're ever in the Santa Barbara area, I know you're a cook, so come on. We'll whip it up and we'll we'll >> we'll invite your brother. >> I'm going to be out there in February, March sometime. So, I will definitely uh hold you to that, man. >> All right. Very good. Cuz that's that's good ice cream. And you'll be [laughter] surprised. But you're right. >> Yeah. Well, I am often surprised. No, your point about dairy, I think, and you make a big point about all this. Fermented dairy needs to have its day in the sun. There is so much benefit from fermented dairy. Now, whether it's these milk fat globular proteins, whether it's carbon 15, this oddchain fatty acid, carbon 17, and obviously the fermentation process itself. So, I fully agree with that argument in your book. Now, unfortunately, most ice cream is not fermented, but maybe you and I should put our heads together and [laughter] all right, let's move on to exercise. What people were beginning to realize that, you know, movement is is good. You again, if you look at these super aers, one of the things they do is that they move. And whether it's, you know, whether it's gardening, whether it's, you know, chasing a flock of goats up a hill, whatever, these people have a constant history of movement. And I think you make a good point that this idea that we all need to be gym rats and beat ourselves up every day is is probably misplaced when we look at what these super aagers actually do in terms of movement. Any thoughts on that? 100%. Um, as I point out in my book, again, going back to my father, you know, he he would never go to a gym, you know, again, as I mentioned, he's a cheapkate. He's not paying a gym membership, but he was a super fast walker. And, you know, there's a study just out, I think last week or the week before. I mean really in just the last few weeks about people who are 80 years old, the fast walkers, the top 10% of walkers actually have less cognitive decline and yeah, walking and walking fast in particular is an exercise, gardening, you know, picking the weeds, mowing, collecting, all of that stuff is physical activity. Even house cleaning. >> Yes. And that you know again we often think of exercise has to be this sort of structured organized whatever but it's not true. A lot of the physical activity we do in through the day adds to increasing your heart rate increasing your respiratory rate. And that's the thing that is really important. And it does appear that short intense bursts where you're for a brief time getting your heart rate into the hundreds 120 that's really important and that's really going to add to your health and longevity. Now you know some people they like to go to the gym they like the social aspect or whatever. Some people like me, you know, I like to go out and ride my bike uh outside and go for long rides. You know, there are all sorts of ways of getting that physical activity. It doesn't have to be in the gym and it doesn't have to be organized. It can be just, you know, whatever you're you happen to be doing. Uh just doing a lot of it. Um, so >> yeah, my great-grandmother on my mother's side lived in Omaha and she lived in a three-story house and >> Oh, wow. >> Her bedroom was on the third floor and she died two weeks before her 100th birthday, went to sleep and was healthy as a horse until she went to sleep and she always walked, you know, three flights of stairs up and down to her bedroom several times a day. And my my sister and I were just kind of apoplelectic. Grandma, you know, you should move, you know, you should move your bed down. She said, "No, you know, that's my bedroom." And you know, you're looking back, you go, wow, was she smart. You know, it's like a what a good idea. >> Yeah. And you know, up three flights twice a day is going to get you a lot of exercise. It does. >> I don't care who you are. And I think that does go to the point of, you know, it it doesn't have to be organized. It doesn't have to be quote unquote exercise. It just has to be moving around every day. And a lot of the blue zones, they don't exercise. They just walk or hike or you know. So my wife and I, especially in the not especially in the summer months when it's still light after dinner, we go we go for a evening walk, you know, covering a couple of miles and then come back home and yeah, that's exercise. >> Yeah, that's one thing. We spend quite a bit of time in Europe and walking after dinner is just one of these I think secrets of the Mediterranean that they all do. >> Yeah. >> And and there's a reason for it. >> You know, the sort of in those Mediterranean countries where people live outside, right? Yeah. A lot of that is walking around, walking near the seashore or walking down the boulevard and and the outdoor cafes. >> I particularly enjoyed your take on oh what sort of tests to get as we get older, what sort of tests not to get as we get older. And I know you were interviewed when President Biden had uh [snorts] uh prostate cancer diagnosis and I completely 100% agree with you about PSAs and would you mind telling uh the story of why [laughter] that is such a horrible test and go ahead. >> So I've had four PSA tests. That's what we have to begin with. This is an oncologist, folks. A cancer doctor >> beginning 30 plus years ago, my first one. All of them have been against my will. I don't voluntarily do it. Now, here is the data on PSA tests. There is no doubt that PSA tests catch more prostate cancer and about I think it's seven to eight uh out of a thousand or maybe it's one to two a single digit out of a thousand patients screened get diagnosed with prostate cancer and for that reason a lot of people say men should get a PSA. That is the wrong endpoint in my opinion. Diagnosing prostate cancer, all of us, if we live long enough, all of us men if we live long enough are going to get prostate cancer. That's just the way it's made. And what you really want to know is, well, if I get diagnosed with prostate cancer, am I going to live longer? Is it just going to catch an early prostate cancer that would never harm me? I would die of something else. And it turns out the latter is true. So, if you look at all these big screening tests and you ask the question, not does it catch more prostate cancer, but ask the question, well, do men live longer who've gotten the PSA? The answer to that question is no. And the reason is that the average age of getting prostate cancer 67. And there are competing threats to your longevity at 67. There's heart disease, there's other cancers, there's stroke, there are accidents, there's pneumonia, there's all sorts of other ill health potentials. And so just being screened for prostate cancer does not tell you you're going to live longer and avoid being killed by prostate cancer. You might avoid being killed by prostate cancer, but that doesn't guarantee you'll be avoid being dying from something else. and that and because there's no longevity benefit from a PSA, you know, I really don't care what's written on my death certificate, whether it's a heart attack or a prostate cancer. So, I am not inclined to get a PSA. And as I said, I've been tested four times, but every single one of them's against my will. And one of the problems is, you know, you get a PSA over four, that's typically the cutoff. You then have to get an MRI. Is there a nodule? You have to, you know, almost invariably they'll say, "Well, we should be sure we'll take some biopsies. Not the most pleasant activity you would invent." And then if they're not definitive, oh well, we're going to have to test you again on the PSA and and you know, you get you become a patient and you round and round and all to no added benefit in terms of length of life. Well, why do that? >> Yeah, you're right. There was a joke in medical school that was so true that all men will die with prostate cancer, but it's incredibly unusual to die from prostate cancer. >> You got it. That's the phrase. >> Yeah, it's true. And I council my patients the same way. So, yeah. Thanks. I know that's an opinion. Well, we're out on a limb, but I think it's a good limb to be out on. Finally, sleep. Sleep is I know it's vague right now and thank you for addressing that. I want to talk about one thing that I find quite humorous. So, I have an aura ring and I have a hoop band and I take care of a patient who's very high in a social media company and he tells me that their company will not invest in these sleep trackers because they do not think the da d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d da is trustworthy enough to back it. and I enjoyed reading your uh thoughts on the same subject. Having said that, um my my wife wears a Whoop and every morning the first thing we do is well, you know, how did you sleep? What what does your whoop say? And you know, we we compete and I think it's really I it's comedy to us. But what should we think about sleep? Let's start there. >> Well, first of all, sleep is essential. You know, um I had a when I was in high school, um uh I I ran in a pretty intense group of students. Uh we were debaters and we were constantly debating as you might imagine. >> I was debate debate champion and two time regional oratory champion. No wonder I love you. [laughter] my first debate partner would always bemoone the fact that he had, you know, got eight hours of sleep and it wasted a third of the day and on and on. Um, and he was always trying to figure out how he could cut back. And, you know, the best argument for why you need sleep is the fact that we do sleep. Because if we didn't need sleep, evolution would have gotten rid of it. And the reason is you are at your most vulnerable. You're asleep unconscious. Predators can get you. And the fact that it has survived uh these thousands, tens of thousands of years tells you it's super important biologically. And it allows the brain to consolidate short-term memories into long-term memories. It allows the brain to clear out the garbage. You know, when do you collect garbage? At night, early in the morning. And so that's really important. It allows proteins that are defective to be to be eliminated and DNA that's defective to be repaired. Very very important. Humans need somewhere 7 to nine. Now there are some genetic short sleepers who can get away with four less than 1% of the population. None of us are short sleepers. It's also important to know that you know people who sleep a long time over 10 hours that's not healthy either. So there is a window that the body has regulated and it's again moderation not one extreme not the other extreme very very important for human beings and if you don't sleep uh if you know you're like a a medical intern at the hospital you know after about 18 hours of contin continuously being getting being awake you're kind of like uh a bit drunk and the more you stay up the worse your judgment the more risk risks you take. All the things that happen when you consume alcohol happen when you've been deprived of sleep. You're also wor a worse uh driver going home. So >> yeah, we uh I trained at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and uh in surgery and one of our rotations was out at Wayne County General, which was the county hospital for Detroit. And it was >> a a two-lane road in between Ann Arbor and Wayne County General. And every year we had a in the ditch award because uh that it was 36 hours on and 12 off. And every year one poor resident, one poor schmuck drove off the road into a ditch and crashed his car. And you could, you know, the award was given every year because somebody always got the award. And it's because, you know, you were profoundly sleepd deprived. >> [snorts] >> Yeah, it was in the ditch award. So, you're right. >> Yeah, it's terrible. And and you know what's terrible is what you and I experience, which is that the medical profession deprivives its very people who it's supposed to be training to educate its patient in wellness in sleep deprivation. Terrible. Fortunately, now it's a little better. Yeah. But, uh, >> it's a terrible, terrible process. So, for someone who keeps sabotaging good sleep with late night screens, I'll catch up this weekend. What's one change that you could do first? >> Uh, well, I think the most important change is to get the room ready and to be regular about it. So, one of the things that my wife and I have begun doing is we regularly start the bedroom routine uh pretty much at the same time plus or minus about 5 or 10 minutes. We read in bed books uh actually paper books. No. >> Um so that we're not looking at screens and we're not you know sort of getting preoccupied >> and you know when my eyes begin to sort of flap and I can't remember what the last paragraph said. I know it's you know time is up and uh we've already turned the lights down. We have a light a reading light. >> Yeah. and turn off the reading light and that's bedtime. I will tell you, you know, different people are sensitive to different things. My wife is very sensitive to the light, so she often wears a mask. I can't wear a mask around my head, but I'm sensitive to the heat and cold. I really need a bedroom that's chilled. You know, you you need to sus out how how you sleep best. You know, for me, it's it's a cool room. light doesn't bother me that uh much, but this kind of routine and going to bed pretty much at the same time every night really really important. >> Good advice. So, you know, as an author my myself, I always stumble upon at least a few mind-blowing stats or challenges to my current understanding of achieving health and longevity in every book I write. Did this happen to you researching this book? Oh, 100%. So, uh I I will just say the the probably the two biggest ones happened in the first chapter. Don't be a schmuck. So, when I was writing the first chapter, which is like taking unnecessary risk, I said to myself, what's got to be the schmuckiest thing people can do? And I thought it was what's called base jumping, which is you get in this squirrel suit, puffed up with air, you've got wings on and you jump off a mountain and the wind takes you. And people do this and it's like that's got to be the dumbest thing. So I looked up the statistics and it turns out the mortality rate is 1 in 2700 jumps. The injury rate is 1 in 250 jumps, which is pretty serious. I was like, that's pretty darn schmuckucky. And then I looked up and I don't remember exactly what prompted me to think this could be even more schmuckucky. Climbing Mount Everest. It might have been that someone died that year and in a sort of big enough, you know, snowstorm or something. >> And it turns out the mortality rate climbing Mount Everest, which you have to pay about $150,000 for the privilege of doing, is one in a 100red for all comers. And if you're like me and you were over 59, the mortality rate's one in 25. Now, that statistic just blew my mind. You're taking a one in 25 uh chance of dying for what? Um that just seemed insanely risky. Okay. Finally, if somebody only remembers one thing from our conversation today, what would you hope it would be? do things that involve multiple wellness activities in the activity. So, tomorrow night, I will be having uh my wife and I are going to have a couple of couples over for a dinner party, and we're making uh uh one new recipe. We're going to serve really healthy food. I'm making a a special raspberry rhubarb cstada dessert. One of my favorite desserts. We're going to have great conversation. One of the couples is a historian, an investor. Another couple, the guy is uh started a healthc care company and so is an entrepreneur. Um and uh uh he also happens to be Iranian. So we're going to he's going to tell me about what his family is reporting to him. So it's going to be a really great dinner. We've got good food, so social engagement, uh, great conversation that's going to keep us are mentally sharp, and afterwards, my wife and I are likely to go out for a walk and get some exercise. So, I like to call this wellness stacking. And that's what I would think of the things where, you know, you like walking, walk with a friend. So, you have social interaction and the exercise effect of walking. um those are oh so present in your life and you know they make doing the wellness activities much more fun. >> I must ask are you going to have a glass of red wine with dinner? >> So I I do serve wine. I am a tea totler. I it doesn't cause me any pleasure. I I've tried to drink wine. I I taste literally half a teaspoon uh of wine just to I don't My wife likes wine and you know so we always have some wine with dinner because other people enjoy it and find it helpful but you should drink wine and and you know responsibly. So my advice on wine and again I think you're 100% uh correct. Wine is one of those controversial things that I don't think is fully settled and different people are going to have different views. We do know that it increases the risk of about seven cancers. It's bad for the liver uh um and also pickles some brain cells. On the other hand, it also facilitates social interaction. People drink together uh a lot. So, here's my rule. You should have, you know, probably three or four uh glasses of whatever you're drinking a week, not more. Uh you shouldn't drink alone. You shouldn't binge drink. You don't have those three or four at one sitting. Um and you don't drink to drown out your sorrows. You drink in a social setting and you drink in in moderation. And of course, don't drive after you've had a glass of anything. Um so that's how I view it. And I, you know, I know that the people who are coming are are go I I actually know them and and they do enjoy drinking, but I think it's not wise to be too sensorious about it because then the people will just turn you off. >> And and the other thing we've learned from our European colleagues is that wine is had with a meal, not kind of as a happy hour. >> Yeah. Totally. Totally. >> All right. Before I let you go, I want to bring in a question from a listener at Tammy Saffron tuned into my podcast interview episode 145 with Marta Zarasa, author of the book Growing Young, who claims loneliness is worse for you than smoking 15 cigarettes a day. And this young lady asks, "What about people like me? I prefer to be alone. Being around people stresses me out. I thought being stressed is very unhealthy. I visit my son and grandchildren three to f four times per year and enjoy every minute of it. I talk to a friend occasionally and I don't need more than that. I hike alone. I shop alone. I eat alone and I like it that way. I get out of my house every day and enjoy the outdoors. Is there really something wrong with that? If I am happy, does it still mean I will not live as long as someone with more connection with people andor animals? Well, that's a great question. What do you think? >> It is a great question. The first thing I would say is I would refer her and she should look up University of Chicago professor named Nick Epley. Nick Epley has done some of the great work in assessing uh people like her who claim to be introverts who claim to prefer to be alone. And he's done research including research that says takes uh introverts and says to them, "All right, do your regular thing on a commute, for example, on a train or a bus." and then assesses their happiness. And then the next week he says your obligation as part of this research is to talk to someone for the commute and then assesses their happiness. And it turns out invariably both extroverts and introverts are happier prefer talking to people and we are very hesitant. We think of every excuse not to initiate a conversation. Right? the other people won't like it. They'll find it intrusive, right? I won't learn anything. It'll be a waste of time. Um, they're going to shut it down because they don't want to talk to me. All of those things are nonsense. It turns out people like talking. You actually learn something. You enjoy it more if you commute if you talk to someone. And these kinds of studies have been done repeated. And it doesn't matter whether you're introverted or extroverted. So my advice to this lady is for a week make conversation overcome your resistance and see if it doesn't make you happier because you're going to find out that you actually enjoy it more if you talk to other people and you know make a time of it and you will over time change your habits. And if you don't believe me, you can pick up Nick Epley just has a brand new book on being more social and uh he'll convince