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The Truth About Microplastics - Dr Rhonda Patrick

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Dr. Rhonda Patrick addresses the pervasive issue of microplastics, defining them as particles ranging from five micrometers to 100 nanometers in size that are ubiquitous in modern environments due to plastic degradation accelerated by heat and oxygen exposure. These particles enter human bodies primarily through oral ingestion via contaminated food and water, but also significantly through inhalation; sources include synthetic clothing fibers released during washing and drying cycles, tire wear debris, and atmospheric particulates brought down by rain. The transcript highlights that while wastewater treatment plants filter pathogens, they do not remove plastics, leading to contamination in drinking water supplies and soil fertilizers derived from sludge. Consequently, avoiding microplastics entirely is nearly impossible, as even non-plastic packaging often involves plastic piping or processing equipment, making exposure a systemic issue affecting everyone regardless of lifestyle choices. The health implications extend beyond the physical presence of particles to the associated chemicals leached during digestion and absorption. Dr. Patrick discusses endocrine-disrupting compounds such as Bisphenol A (BPA), BPS, phthalates, and "forever chemicals" like PFAS, which mimic estrogen or bind to hormone receptors, disrupting reproductive health by affecting sperm morphology and testosterone levels in both humans and animals. Furthermore, emerging research indicates that microplastics accumulate in the brain at rates 10 to 20 times higher than other organs, potentially bypassing the blood-brain barrier via inhalation of nanoplastics or crossing through a compromised gut lining. This accumulation is particularly concerning given studies linking high levels of these particles in post-mortem brains with dementia and Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that chronic inflammation caused by microplastics may accelerate neurodegenerative processes. To mitigate absorption and promote excretion, Dr. Patrick emphasizes the critical role of dietary fiber, distinguishing between fermentable fibers found in fruits like apples and berries—which create a viscous gel to encapsulate particles—and non-fermentable fibers that speed up intestinal transit for fecal elimination. For specific toxins like BPA and phthalates which are water-soluble but require enzymatic conversion via the Nrf2 system, she recommends consuming cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli sprouts or taking supplements containing sulforaphane to activate Phase 2 detoxification enzymes that facilitate excretion through urine and sweat. While saunas can help eliminate heavy metals like aluminum through sweating, they are less effective for water-soluble plastic chemicals unless supported by adequate hydration and enzyme activation; however, beta-glucans from oats have been shown in animal studies to enhance the liver's ability to clear "forever chemicals" that otherwise persist in the body for years. Dr. Patrick concludes that while perfect avoidance is unattainable due to environmental ubiquity, a holistic approach combining exercise and whole-food nutrition offers significant protective benefits against intestinal permeability ("leaky gut") and systemic inflammation. She advocates for high-intensity interval training (HIIT), such as the Norwegian 4x4 protocol on assault bikes or rowing machines, which boosts mitochondrial function, increases lactate production to support brain health via BDNF, and improves cardiovascular fitness essential for longevity. Ultimately, she argues that exercise acts as a powerful "forgiver" of dietary indiscretions by enhancing metabolic flexibility and gut resilience, allowing individuals to maintain an 80/20 balance where they prioritize whole foods at home while permitting occasional consumption of ultra-processed items without derailing their overall health trajectory.
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what have you been interested in recently you're always learning new stuff yeah I think most recently I've had a real interest in Ultra processed foods in plastic microplastics their Associated chemicals what they're doing to human health that's that's been my latest Obsession okay microplastics teach me about them what are they what do they do so microplastics I mean we're all familiar with plastic you know if you take a look in your refrigerator or your pantry I mean almost everything is packaged in some kind of plastic container plastic breaks down over time right so things that can accelerate that breakdown would be like heat exposure exposure to oxygen and so that breakdown sheds plastic particles into whatever is being contained in that plastic container food beverages whatever so um microplastics they sort of vary in size anywhere between five mic so five microns or micro micro millimeters to 100 nanometers in size and when they're like five micro microm millimeters that's like something that would be equivalent to a size of like a grain of rice you can see it when you get down to the 100 nanomer range I mean that's like a thousand times smaller than a grain of rice so you're not going to see it right and that's honestly those are actually technically nanoplastics but we all just kind of call them microplastics just for Simplicity um and these microplastics are getting into food um as we consume whatever food they're contained in whether it's a beverage or you know uh disposable food you're digesting it and they can be absorbed right now not all of them are absorbed I think I think you know it's there's some studies saying that we we basically consume anywhere between um you know hundreds to thousands of particles a day so how much of that we absorb not all of it you know fraction of it but it's a lot of particles that we're absorbing every day and um you know the these microplastics are in our water so water is contaminated with them if you think about water treatment plants you know wastewater treatment plants are treating the water for pathogens right viruses bacteria they're not treating them for Plastics that are getting into the water and our water sources are contaminated for a variety of reasons to mention if you if you're you know turning on your faucet and getting water through the sink often times the water's trans transported through these pipes that are made of you know PVC which breaks down the you know there's plastic in that and it breaks down over time and sheds microplastic into your water so water is another source of course if you're drinking bottled water out of plastic bottles um that's another added source of microplastics as well and so um micr Plastics themselves are there's a growing body of evidence in terms of what they're doing to human health and we can talk about that but there's also chemicals that are associated with them right how like just how prevalent are these things like how difficult is it to avoid microplastics it's impossible to avoid I mean the fact that it's in our water source is kind of indicative of that um unfortunately it's not just in our water but it's in our soil so plants are taking that up um it's it's in the soil um because it's it's it's essentially you know runoff from you know rain and stuff it's in microplastics and and plastic chemicals are everywhere so they they're in the air and so when rain you know so that's so small that they can go up with precipitation they're they're in the air because um the M the main source from the air is actually our clothing so our clothing polyester nylon the stuff that I'm wearing for sure I'm not wearing 100% cotton uh when you wash it it gets you know into the oceans when you dry your clothes the dryer is you know atomizing your microplastics and pushing them into the atmos into the air and tires are a big source so tires aren't 100% made of rubber they're Rubber and a bunch of plastic you know stuff and so cars on the road shoes on our you know the the rubber Sho um soles on our shoes all that stuff has plastic and all that stuff is getting into the air so the major source of microplastics are oral ingestion which we talked about and then inhalation that's how they're getting into our bodies so when it rains that stuff you know it the the rain brings the microplastics into our runoff right and that then gets into the soil it gets into our our sludge you know this is like fertilizer that's used so it's it's pretty much ubiquitous it's everywhere you're you're not going to avoid it not to mention I mean I guess even if you were to try and not consume any condiments or Foods or anything like that made out of plastic you're going to do a huge service you're going to reduce greatly reduce the amount of microplastics you're consuming let's say you have air filters you're trying to filter the air but you're not going to filter it everywhere you go right you're in your car you're walking around on the street especially if you live in a metropolitan urban area it's very very difficult to eliminate microplastics what's the sort of levels that we get osed to how much does that get down into being absorbed because the Earth's a big place it feels to me like the atmosphere has got loads of room in it I don't know how much of the air that we get exposed to even in downtown New York is going to be filled with microplastics I wonder I'm going to guess that there's on the triage list of stuff to worry about there's probably other stuff up there carbon monoxide high levels of carbon dioxide stuff like that that might be a problem uh but yeah like in terms of how we get exposed and what are the sort of levels that we get exposed to what do we absorb it so it does depend on of course your lifestyle so it depends on what you're eating you know what you're consuming where you live how polluted it is right like that's that's that's a obviously if you have air filters in your home which is a big one if your drier you don't want your dryer to ventilate in inside of your home that would be like a huge source of microplastics that are concentrated inside your house so you want to ventilate of course outside of course but then that contributes to the microplastics in the environment right which ultimately makes its way back into our food and our um you know the air we breathe outside but it you know there's a lot of studies trying to to quantify how much microplastics that we are taking in Daily and there's been a variety of studies and and some of them have said well there's a credit card of plastic a day that we consume um and that was a very I would say Sensational headline that was it was published in a peer-reviewed study but it turns out when you're trying to really quantify the gram weight of microplastics is very challenging because they vary in size I mentioned 5 micrometers to like 100 nanometer in size and so it depends on what your what Your source of microplastics are when you're trying to quantify that and so a lot of studies that have looked at some of these you know in gram weight how much are we consuming used microplastics that are found in the oceans so in the oceans a lot of that's coming from our clothing run off from our from our um washer washing our clothes and um it's not necessarily the same size particles that we're consuming if we're drinking water from a tap or we're eating you know or we're we're drinking water out of a bottled you know bottled water with made of plastic so it's not really a credit card in plastic that that really isn't I would say accurate again it comes down to you know it could be thousands of particles a day absorbing wise there have been studies in animals okay not humans that showed that animals absorb up to 2.5% of those particles there are a variety of factors that actually can help you blunt that absorption so microplastics um really the the the major one is size so as you get smaller in size like nanoplastics those can be more readily absorb through your um intestinal cells because of the size it's really easy for them to kind of pass the the membrane of your cell I'm going to guess that if you've got a leaky gut of some kind or you've got a more permeable gut wall is that a risk factor for this it is yeah um presumably I mean there's not a ton of evidence on that but it makes sense it you know the question is you know I mentioned heat breaking down the microplastics well heat can break them down into nanoplastic size so you don't want to microwave any food in plastic you don't want to cook with any plastic utensils and you don't want to drink out of something that's going to have a hot beverage poured into it because that's going to rapidly you know accelerate the breakdown into smaller particles so for example a lot of Togo coffee cups are lined with with plastic to prevent the leeching of the beverage into the the cup the paper cup and so when you pour hot water into that you can rapidly break down those you know Plastics into small size as well as chemicals so you think maybe up to 2.5% of what we consume per day we might absorb well that's from animal studies so who know who knows something like in that range um but the other thing that's really interesting that actually can effect the the the way you absorb these microplastics is Believe It or Not dietary fiber um because so there's two types of fiber there's fermentable fiber you know this is what the bacteria in the distal part of your gut this is the colon um they're fermenting into a bunch of short chain fatty acids to regulate your immune system and do all sorts of beneficial things for your gut then there's also non-fermentable fiber this just moves stuff through your intestines right well the fermentable fiber which is found in fruits and vegetables that um is fermented into like this viscous gel that encapsulates microplastics and nanoplastics and stops them from being absorbed the non-fermentable fiber just like the stuff that moves you know Foods through your through your intestines also just moves the microplastics as well so you're going to be excreting it through feces more rapidly so those two um those are two ways that fiber actually is beneficial for basically inhibiting the absorption of microplastics and nanoplastics where do plastics go in the body is that do they congeal in certain places uh yeah so there's been again there's this is like an emerging feel there's a lot more evidence on the chemicals associated with plastics which we can talk about but um there's been a variety of studies actually a lot of them coming out um 2024 last year some new ones coming out this year showing that microplastics seem to accumulate in the brain 10 to 20 times more than other organs and this was a study out of San Pao Brazil where there's um moderate air pollution I mean it's not like Mexico City but it you know there is there's a significant amount of air pollution there and I mention air pollution because you would think well why are microplastics accumulating 10 to 20 times more rapidly in the brain than other organs they've been found in the heart they've been found in the liver and the kidneys and the lungs of course you're breathing it in um in the in the testes reproductive organs everywhere placenta but why are they accumulating so you know heavily in the brain and it's not really known it hasn't really been investigated but I think it has to do with the fact that we're breathing in these particles in addition to consuming them orally from our foods and Beverages and things like that because I mentioned microplastics are in the air right they're in the air we are breathing them in they get into our lungs but so the bloodb brain barrier is supposed to protect chemicals from getting into the brain and you would think well if anything job yeah you'd think it'd be like less microplastics in the brain than in the lungs right um and also particle size plays a role so again particle size if you have a nanoplastic it can more readily trans transverse across the blood brain barrier because it's smaller in size similar to what's happening in the gut but when you breathe in something it's a direct rout to the brain so it it bypasses the bloodb brain barrier and and and this is because you're ol factoring neurons when you when you smell something there's a direct connection to the central nervous system and this is why a lot of drugs that are administered intranasally are done so because they are trying to bypass the blood brain barrier so I think what's happening is you're getting a combination of both oral consumption and you're getting the nanoplastics you know in circulation because once the these things get into circulation there's really no point of there it's kind of beyond the point of return right they're going to organs and they're there like I don't know how they're going to get out of the organs once they're there you know this isn't something that we're excreting unless it's at the level of the intestines when we're eating it consuming it then like I mentioned if the fiber is there you're excreting it but once it gets into circulation it's going to organs so um I think the combination of you know the the breathing it in and eating it is why you're getting it in the brain 10 to 20 times more and here's why that's a problem because um in that same study um they looked postmortem at people that had dementia like Alzheimer's disease and those individuals that had dementia and Alzheimer's disease had 10 times more microplastics in their brains than people that did not have dementia and Alzheimer's disease 10 times more so of course this is a correlation you can't necessarily say this is causing it right microplastics are causing um Alzheimer's disease but there are animal studies that have shown that microplastics in the brain can cause inflammation chronic inflammation and we do know that plays a big role in brain aging dementia and Alzheimer's disease I wonder if you would be able to run a study where you had people who for one reason or another were breathing in cleaner air compared but what still eating the same sort of diet compared with people eating the same sort of diet but breathing in less clean air so people that maybe lived out in in the countryside but were still eating food that was wrapped in plastic so you have that which is the systemic through the mouth one but then you also have the sniffing a line of plastic from your daily breathing equivalent that's coming from the people that live in Cosmopolitan Metropolitan City something like that that' be really interesting to try and to try and split that out I guess uh well you mentioned before the the sort of types of plastics that we're talking about I've heard about what have I heard about bpas heard about those what else are we worried about bpas anymore or is that like yes yeah okay so so the so the bisphenol a is a chemical that is put into CL plastic um it's you know it's a chemical that's that's it helps with durability robustness um flexibility right so those chemicals would be bisphenol a BPA um phalates are another one then there's BPS which is the replacement for a BPA so you'll often hear BPA free and just got BPF or BPS in instead B it's the Delta rate equivalent of getting around the weed law it's like ah this isn't this isn't cannabis this is Delta R you go well I mean functionally it does the same thing but you've just changed some molecule that means that legally it's not an issue exactly it's it's essentially a good marketing strategy because people I know I have many friends that thought BPA free was like oh this is healthy but you have to realize no there's still plastic like you can put hot water into a BP BPA free mug that's has plastic in it and you're still going to get microplastics and you're still going to have the other chemicals like BPS so these chemicals are called endocrine disrupting chemicals because they disrupt disrupt the endocrine system so BPA BPS um you know these are these are chemicals that are often referred to as xenoestrogens because they mimic estrogen in the body and they bind to estrogen receptors they bind to Androgen receptors and they can block the activity of them or they can enhance the activity depending on the dose of the chemical and so that has a a lot of effects on hormones you know I mean so so there's there have been a variety of studies looking at how BPA BPS um to I mean there's there's fewer studies on BPS CU it's newer but it seems as though it's doing something very similar to BPA what about BHT I've heard about that um I don't know as much about BHT I think this was the thing that vany Hari popped Kelloggs for having on the inner lining of their America seral bags that they didn't have this particular BHT in the Canadian version uh saying they didn't have the red 40 they didn't have the blue three they didn't have the yellow four and they didn't have this particular type of plastic additive that was on the inside uh helps with preservation of the food makes it last longer does something else maybe it's cheaper I'm not too sure um so what who are the big culprits what are the big ones BPA is one of the biggest ones um p ps is now you know coming along because there's a lot of companies that are manufacturing and marketing BPA free um phalates are a big one those are also found in a lot of like personal hygiene products and cosmetics shampoos deodorants creams everything like anything personal hygiene and um and then there's there's also the forever chemicals P those are also found in a variety of of um things that are water resistant oil repellent you know anything like that M um well so the the the these chemicals so I mentioned I mentioned hormones you know they're disrupting testosterone so um there's been a variety of studies looking at for example urinary BPA exposure and testosterone levels and you know there's an association with higher urinary BPA exposure higher urinary BPA you know excretion and lower testosterone again because these things are affecting you know they're affecting hormones through feedback loops because they're binding to these estrogen receptors these Androgen receptors and this is something that microplastics themselves are you know leeching in so if you have microplastics accumulating in your testes for example I mean there was a study it was a small study was done that found 100% of this of people and they also tested dogs um 100% of both people and dogs had microplastics in their semen like not a single sample that didn't have microplastics in semen and it was also this was also associated with um disrupted morphology so the structure of sperm and also motility so the ability to move and swim right so this stuff is sort of fundamental right it's affecting our like our reproduction it's it's it's kind of and it's everywhere it's ubiquitous so um it's it's it's not something to ignore you know there's obviously a lot of other lifestyle factors that important being you know maintaining a healthy weight and exercise and all that but on I I do think this is a growing issue it's affecting hormones um BPA is also affecting the brain so a lot of studies on brain development but also like studies looking at you know just correlations between High BPA levels in adults um neurodevelopment is a big one because developing you know fetuses like like like males that are develop developing boys that are developing it's affecting their neurodevelopment so women that have higher urinary BPA levels are six times more likely to have a child diagnosed with autism and also it's affecting the sexual development of boys so the AGD is getting impacted right um there's yes exactly so um it's both the Ango the anogenital distance so that would be the distance between the anus and um and the the penis right glad that you said it and so that's shorter right it's it's these plastic chemicals like phalates in particular is a big one also BPA is affecting the you know the anogenital distance but it's also affecting phalates in particular are affecting um undescended testicles is a big one I mean it's it's really common now if you talk to like parents like how common it is to have a boy with an undescended testicle and also hypospadia so that's that is the um in boys it's the Ure slit where urine comes out of it's like further back on the on the penis and so it's basically you some some boys have the entire physiology yeah so you your stream isn't normal right you might have to sit down to to urinate because the the slit is like further back on the on the on the penis this is a big thing that thit are it's affecting sexual development because these hormones are really important they're signaling during right development how organs you're a male or a female exactly they are and so you know this is a this is a I think it's a growing problem I think we have enough evidence now to be alarmed about it there should be some conversations about it because you know it's not like we're going to have a randomized controlled trial where you're going to give a pregnant woman BPA in phalates right that's unethical so you're never going to have that gold standard we're going to have to look at this observational data which at the end of the day is of course always but there's a lot of it and we there's a lot of animal data showing causation in animals showing how it's happening and we have to kind of connect the dots and say look like this is something we need to be concerned about these chemicals are affecting human development you know and they're affecting adults they're affecting cognition you know it's how so what what's the impact of plastic on cognition yeah I mean again it's correlate correlation but there have been studies looking at high BPA levels again it's always urin Ary because we excrete BPA through our urine that's how we detoxify it and um so high urinary BPA levels is associated with you know decreased cognition decreased memory scores decreased learning so again correlation because you could say well people are consuming packaged foods which are Ultra processed and that also is associated with bogn is it what that consuming or is it what they're consuming is contained within right but we do know that BPA can cross the blood brain barrier it can disrupt neuronal signaling again when you look at the animal data and you have a mechanism that's very plausible there you start to connect the dots and go wow there's plausibility here we can understand what it's doing we have human data that's correlating it so you know we need to start to think about these things like there's only so much that you can you know that you can do um without of of course being unethical and designing an experiment right we just learned about the way that microplastic are making their way into our bodies yet another reason why staying on top of your health is vital which is why I partnered with function they run lab tests twice a year that monitor over a 100 biomarkers and monitor for early signs of thousands of diseases they even screen for 50 types of cancer at stage one which is five times more data than you get from your annual physical you receive insights from a team of expert Physicians who provide detailed notes of their observations and phone consultations for any critical findings getting these lab tests done would usually cost thousands but with function it is only $500 right now you can get the exact same blood panels that I get by going to the link in the description below or heading to function health.com wisdom that's function health.com slod wisdom is there a sex difference between how men and how women are susceptible to Plastics are certain types of plastics more are they making different kinds of impacts and obviously women can be pregnant so I guess developing children in the womb that's one thing but yeah What's the sex difference story it does it does seem like males tend to be more susceptible God damn it I knew it knew it you know male males in general like like during development it's a like they seem to be more vulnerable to a lot of different environmental stresses including you know like acetam Menin and there's all kinds of studies where you'll find oh this is happening in a male you know fetus like a male that's developing not not the female female privilege but but yeah again we mentioned all these reproductive effects in in men right um it's it's and also autism affects I mean men is like twice men are twice as likely or boys are twice as likely to be diagnosed with autism than than girls so 12 times more likely if you've got a ton of microplastics in you I don't know though I'm not sure about that but but I mean I I also don't do maass very well but anyway um yeah it is it's I mean what is it what's it saying males a Nature's play thing that there's just more male variability there's more male variability in terms of IQ in terms of height in terms of all all of these different things and um every fetus starts off as female as well right um I think there's some kind of there's some kind of sex there's I mean first of all the sex is determined by the male sides of the sperm right um and I'm not exactly sure that I would say it starts off as female but like it depends on what you're this not the reason why men have got nipples you need to have all of the you need to have all of the individual bit like this is where we need to go I'm pretty sure someone shat GPT it someone shat GPT it and tell me whether or not I'm right I feel like I might be right here um but okay sex differences how does it impact men and women differently and and it it also goes with like you know a lot of these plastic chemicals like BPA are also affecting um ADHD not just autism and again it seems like boys are more susceptible to that but these plastic chemical do affect women as well uh you know it's also something that's affecting fertility it's affecting egg like so there's been studies on in um invitro fertilization and women that have high levels of BPA they have like 50% less viable eggs so it's not like these plastic chemicals aren't affecting women as well um and cognition in general I mean it's affecting both both sexes right it's not just men but it seems as though like sexual development really it seems to be targeting males especially the phalates what about testosterone levels energy energy production stuff like that so testosterone levels as I mentioned um there there seems to be because you've got BPA and some of the other chemicals they are endocrine disrupting they are binding to estrogen receptors they are binding to Androgen receptors um and Depends depending on the do this will affect you know the hormones that are that are signaling to the hyp phalic um pituitary gonadal AIS right the hpg axis where testosterone is produced and so ultimately what happens is there's like these feedback loops that are important in order to make hormones like testosterone and so that gets disrupted and then the hpg axis is disrupted and so you don't make as much testosterone again a lot of this has been worked out in animal studies when you look at the human data it's okay men with higher levels of BPA also have lower levels of t testosterone um so the question is you know like okay well what can we do about it right like you want to try to avoid some of these Plastics plastic chemicals well let's actually before we get into that you've sort of touched on them a few times but just do a rundown for me of the most common places that people are getting exposed to the highest levels of microplastics yeah so the the most I would say common places one is drinking out of bottled water like bottle plas plastic bottles right like a lot of people drink out of plastic bottles um that would be a big Source tap water that's unfiltered so tap water again also has microplastics unfortunately our oceans are contaminated so microplastics are also found in a lot of fish and particularly they accumulate in the digestive tract of fish so if you're eating shellfish or clams or oysters or anything where you're eating the whole digestive tract or sardine whole whole sardine then you're going to be getting microplastics heat is a big big one okay that I would say that is one of the main you know culprits when you're combining that with plastic so a lot of your Togo coffees that you're drinking from Starbucks Starbucks anything like that is going that is a huge one because you're you're you know there's been studies looking at BPA leeching into liquid when it's when heat like boiling water is applied it increases increases the leeching by 55 times which is huge it also increases microplastic you know breakdown right because you're breaking down the plastic itself no you're getting more you're making the plastic smaller which allows it to be permeating through the gut more effectively exactly exactly I can't tell you how many like to-go coffees I've had in my life and you know another big Source now this is like new coming out I mean this there's been a couple of studies that have come out on this is tea bags because you're adding hot water to tea and the tea bags themselves are made of either um polypropylene they're made of nylon or they're made of interestingly cellulose which you would think wouldn't have microplastics but I think they they must be mixed there must be a mixture of stuff in there and there's this new study came out you know really just a couple of months ago showing that you can get anywhere between Millions to billions of microplastic particles per milliliter I mean per milliliter how many how much is that compared with the normal sort of that's a that's a lot show a lot okay it's a lot what I'm getting at is you know I you know there's not that I I think what's happening is the the the heat is breaking the plastic down these tea bags are made of plastic and so um you know consuming these tea bags again when you're getting to goatee it's like I I now I'm like all I can think about is like I'm consuming a plastic tea but you have to remember there's a lot of studies at least with green tea showing that green tea has huge benefits for cognition it it delays dementia might even offset the microplastics you've had to consume yeah yeah so I mean clearly people are drinking tea out of probably tea bag so it's not like yeah at least with green tea it seems like there's some there's some benefits right but um so so those are some of the major sources um and then there's also it's in our salt um and then air right so like that that's another one if you're living in a polluted place if you're again you know internally venting your dryer dryer ventilation in your house that's another major source and then another one would be also to consider would be black plastic so I know you're like what this is this is kind of some new data coming out black plastic is often made from recycled electronics and you mean bits of plastic that a black I mean black utensils like your black spat or black plastic you know forks and knives or your your black plastic lid on a coffee to go coffee cup black Sushi the bottom of a sushi container bottom of like a rotisserie chicken if you've ever bought a rotisserie chicken from the grocery store that black right black plastic it's often made from recycled electronics and recycled Electronics often have chemicals in them that are added to prevent fir from starting like they don't want Electronics Starting Fire they add these brominated flame retardants which are carcinogenic they are not supposed to be in food they're noted they're not you're not you don't suck on your electronic they're not supposed to go in your mouth right so these um black these black Plastics have very high levels of carcinogens that are normally not even found in regular Plastics that were you know in in things that were consuming and there was a study out of the University of Plymouth that found black utensils black toys for babies you know they're putting in their mouth they contain between 30 to 40 times the safe limit of these brominated flame retardants and other carcinogens and endocrine disruptors in them than and than then safe so um that's another sort of and think about it if you're buying like a rotisserie chicken or like you get a Togo F or whatever soup and it's in like a black container you got the heat that's the added Factor on top of that right so that's another major source what about thermal stuff yes um so again we mentioned the phalates right um which are in personal hygiene products and that's something I do want to mention because you might think oh I'm looking at the ingredient list and there's no phalate on there but there's two different chemicals that are very very sneaky because they mean they're salades and they're in a lot of personal hygiene products one is fragrance if the word fragrance is in the ingredient ingredients list that means there stades and parfume not perfume but parfume that is another chemical that means there stades so you really want to look for phalate free personal hygiene products again very important especially for um people that are considering conceiving because those the chemicals that are associated with the sexual you know disrupting sexual development in boys and then the other one is receipts and this is a really big one because maybe not for you and I right receipts are they're thermal paper and so essentially they're coated with BPA because there's a thermal reaction that happens when heat is applied to the BPA it prints it prints text on the receipt without actual ink so that's how it works and if you ever see like a white coating on the receipt like that's that's BPA so the BPA in like Plastics at least is kind of contained in a plastic Matrix like this is just it's Pally liberated yes exactly it's it's like free-for-all on the receipt and um so there's studies looking at people that handle a lot of receipts they like when I was in the airport stuff and stuff like that yeah I was in the airport on coming coming here and you know I the guy that was like handling the receipt he's like do you want the receipt I'm like no and I saw him take it out and put it in the trash and like I thought about there's this huge line of people you're doing that 500 times a day exactly and I looked at the guy and I was like I was like hey dude you know I just want to tell you that these receipts are lined with endocrine disruptors that disrupt hormones and he goes you mean wish somebody had recorded this oh my God this lady who's going through the airport I met this lady earlier on today and she started ranting and raving about the receipts said it's sort of covered in this magic dust that's killing me or something like that's I couldn't I couldn't help myself I felt like it like I couldn't not say something right and he looks at me he goes you mean like testosterone I was like yes test testosterone it's been show it's been correlated with a decrease in testosterone it's like you need to wear nit trial gloves so bottom line is BPA um it's lined on the receipts uh nitr gloves can stop people from absorbing it so people that are like you know basically any kind of cashier anyone that's handling a receipt multiple times a day highly recommend they wear Nitro gloves latex doesn't do that also if you wear cream or um hand sanitizer it it's been shown to incre increase the dermal absorption of BPA by a h hundredfold off some people are like I don't want to get my hands on the I don't want to get Co or whatever right how many 100x 100x absorption think about how how many times these reg I've seen I've seen them do it you know and then they touch the receipt so I think I think this is like something that not really talked about and here I am worried about my like onetime exposure so you know for people out there it's like you can op career of working in Target or something like that so the first time that I ever learned about receipts uh you won't know who this is but Owen Shroyer who is Alex Jones's sort of second in command I went for dinner with him when I first moved to Austin forever ago him and a bunch of other people there was a couple of girls at the table with us as well just downtown in Austin and the receipt came out and I was like oh this I'm sort of new here I'll I'll get the meal that' be like nice it' be a nice thing for me to do so I did it and as I'm going to get the receipt out one of the girls that sat around the table like hits my hand away I'm like what she's like what are you doing as if I was about to walk out into open traffic I'm like I was going to going to take the receipt and I was going to put the tip on she's like are you crazy you going to touch that I'm like so it kind of does show that The Fringe Insight from three years ago some of that stuff ends up being a bullseye and sort of percolates around now I'm not saying that all of it is but some of the stuff ends up being legit right it is it's definitely legit and it is a concern particularly for people that are handling them daily multiple time multiple times a day and I don't know that I've really I've seen a couple people wearing gloves at cash registers like they've got um special ones that are like finger things have you seen those I've seen those individual so maybe just the sort of your first two fingers in your thumb or something rather than having to W swey gloves all day and I imagine that's well I mean sign well it gets through latex as well it gets through latex yeah BPA is like it's it's fat soluble and stuff we can talk about ways to get rid of it but like you know what about final final thing I guess on sources you mentioned clothing going through the dryer I don't know what this t-shirts made of it looks a little bit shiny maybe there's some polyester in it I know that the brand of pants that I tried a you not 15 different types of pants uh until I settled on these are bamboo cotton but I'm like is that what about the what about the elain liner around the top what about the way that this is stitched AC there's probably an dermal absorption in an area that I really don't want there to be too much of it how much are we getting leeched in from the thi the clothes that we wear yeah that's a great question so again um it's not the BPA and those chemicals most of the time you might have like forever chemicals and some of that as well right like especially if it's like a not maybe not the underwear but like like a coat or something that's anything that's waterproof type thing yeah but I guess you I suppose the one advantage of outwear being higher in Forever chemicals is that by virtue of it being out ofwar there's usually some layers in between you and it right um when it comes to you know undergarments or even just like our shirts and clothing it the dermal absorption is not the major sour from from clo clothing it's not the major way that like BPA and these chemicals are getting into our system um with that said if you're sweating if you're working out if there's a lot of friction like sweat heat that opens pores right so you can increase some absorption somewhat there's no real data on this is just me like thinking about mechanism right I guess as well you know one of the weird quirks of gym kit especially the sort of gym kit where people sweat is that it's polyester sort of fitted t-shirts leggings things like that that people are then moving friction which is going to liberate something you're sweating that's heat there's water paws are open larger aperture for whatever it is to get in exactly so I mean I still like we're not panicking not yet yeah you can go you have to choose your battles right you have to choose your battles I do think that yeah maybe some people can wear cotton athletic wear there's not a ton of it out there like it has to be 100% natural fiber so you mentioned B bamboo that would be a natural fiber mention bedding as well stuff like that bedding as well exactly if you're like sweating in your bed and also just like your breathing like your face is right there every night I mean so if you can get like a 100% bamboo sheets are like really soft as well so I mean that would be I mean again you can start to go down the rabbit hole believe me I've been there but I think for most 99% of the people like focusing on like the major culprits will keep you sane before we continue sleep isn't just about how long you rest but how well your body stays in its optimal temperature range throughout the night and this is where eight sleep comes in just add their brand new pod Ultra to your mattress like a fitted sheet and it automatically cools down or warms up each side of your bed up to 20° it's got integrated sensors that track your sleep time sleep phases your HRV your snoring and your heart rate with 99% accuracy and it'll even start cooling or heating your bed for you an hour before bedtime this is why eight sleep has been clinically proven to increase Total Sleep by up to 1 hour every night and best of all they've got a 30- night sleep trial so you can buy it and sleep on it for a full month if you don't like it they'll give you your money back and they ship internationally if you have any respect at all for Dr Ronda Patrick uh she uses one too so don't just take the word of an idiot take the word of a doctor right now you can get $350 off the Pod 4 ultra by going to the link in the description below or heading to 8sleep.com slod wisdom using the code modern wisdom a checkout that's EIG ghts sleep.com wisdom and modern wisdom a checkout the one elephant in the room when we're talking about this which is an obviously everybody including me is now thinking right okay where are the places that I've got plastic in my life well I've switched all of my Tupperware out from plastic to Glass I use glass water bottles or I use like an aquatru reverse osmosis thing that's good that goes into a glass cff and I'm using like like a yeti cool blah blah blah but the food that we eat even the best quality steaks they unless you're going to the farmer's market and he's chopped it off the cow and put it in wax paper it's wrapped in plastic right I work with ped Mones and make amazing beef the my favorite beef in the world it's the tastiest stuff arrives to me wrapped in plastic so like what have you got any idea when it comes to packaging packaging of vegetables you know even the organic double washed spinach that's in one of those sort of big tray things with the plastic across the top and it's all around the sides how much how big of a deal is that um yes exactly I've gone down that rabbit hole so I'm glad you you brought it up uh you know when it comes to like meats and stuff I mean exactly unless and even if you're like out hunting it like you're going to you've got a lot of meat you're going to store it in your freezer and you're going to vacuum seal it and it's going to be in a plastic vacuum sealed bag right like it's not it's unavoidable um the the reality is is that if you if you can the the more the plastic breaks down over time so time oxygen heat these are all a factor in the breakdown of plastics to our food into our food and also um the chemicals associated with them so if you're you know just if the plastic is only on your meat for a short period of time or it's in the freezer at least it's a little more stable as opposed to if you've got a bottle of Avon in Dubai that's been transported via truck two or three or four different Journeys and it's been hot and it's been cool again then it's been hot and then it's been cool again then finally it gets into a fridge and you go ah it's been in the fridge it's cold exactly go exactly what about the rest of the supply chain Bingo exactly so I mean this is the way I think about it and you know when it comes to like the vegetables and all that stuff the same the same goes I mean like I when I get my vegetables I I rinse them off because you do you can rinse off some of the stuff that's not quite absorbed but you know don't you don't want to put it in a plastic bag and store it in your refrigerator if you can like I just put like a paper towel down and put the vegetables on top of that if you're if you're getting like I buy blueberries they come in a plastic container like what are you going to do you rinse off the blueberries you kind of hope for the best it's not like the blueberry berries have been in that plastic container for years right obviously blueberries been in that for that long or else they'd be dead right so so so you have to have some piece of mind and realize okay we do live in a plastic world at the end of the day you know it does come down to the breakdowns of this plastic and so you know the things that you want to avoid are like you said the bottled water the heat touching the plastic um you want to get a reverse osmosis filter so reverse osmosis you mentioned aquatru that's a great counter yeah I have a lot of friends that use that cuz it's a countertop you can what do you use um I'm actually in the process of getting an inhome like full system you you using Greenfield for that no you know his dad makes one of the most advanced water inh home water things oh no I didn't know that yeah it's like actually absolute like father like son biohacker Wonder so the company I can't remember I have to look at my phone but the company that I was going with are they store the water the water stored in um stainless steel instead of plastic J like drugs um oh so you're getting it delivered you're not getting it no no no what I mean is like like the so the housing the tubes and then like you know they have there's like the storage containers that are like part of the system okay right I don't know exactly how it work so they're remapping the whole house to have no plastic in the pipes um no no no no just the just the filtration that's well actually I mean in a way it's just that what's coming through my showers what's going to come through because filtration is going to be at close to the last point exactly exactly understood understood well Ben will be listening so I'm sure he'll he'll he'll tell me whether or not well the one thing to consider with reverse osmosis filtration is it does so the great thing about reverse osmosis is it filters out not only microplastics but it filters out nanoplastics it filters out really really really tiny tiny um particles and chemicals including Trace Elements and Minerals need what's your F this is a good this is a good question um what is your favorite remineralization [Music] protocol presuming that you use some sort of Reverse Osmosis System so that's what I that's what I was looking into and um there are some systems that will remineralize the water after it's been filtrated so you don't have to think about think about it or add something back which is kind of annoying um however you can add something back particularly if you've already got a system in in use and you haven't done I think most people the the most realistic solution that people will get will be some sort of tabletop type solution rather than rep Plumbing their entire house so there's a variety of drops that you can add to your water that are in like a glass container that will remize the you're talking like magnesium potassium um you know lithium maganese just a lot of the trace elements that are that are you have any Bron that you like do you know um well I haven't gotten any of those but there's also a mineral supplement you can take and I do know of a good one from Pure encapsulations it's called it's called mineral 50 or pure 50 and there's a one with without iron depending on you know a lot of men don't want Iron and it really is it's essentially all the minerals that are filtered out of of water from reverse osmosis and it's just one like tablet that you take a day yeah I me I I you know I was a partner with aquatru I think there's still maybe you can try for the people that are listening you can maybe try MW2 uh as a code I'm not on commission but um I was a partner with aquatru for ages they also make air doctor I'm not sure so a doctor is a carbon and there's two types of filter for your house again just a standalone unit that does it's called ideal living as the company they also did this I didn't realize you may have looked into this atomizers you know you put essential oils into them uh the process that that goes through also pushes a ton of stuff that you don't want into the atmosphere um uh Yankee Candles and candles and stuff like that also liberating a ton of stuff that you don't really want I remember ogs of the channel will remember that where we very very first started this podcast in my house in Newcastle the I had a candle Obsession for a while and the ceiling of this room had accumulated so much Su that it looked like it was moldy it was a really nice house really nicely decorated room and we got on the internet for 6 months more more than six months like a full year before I had to pay decorators to come in just to paint the ceiling so that people the internet would shut up my point being I was I went through like a candle a month or something and I was like huh that's on the SE that's in my lungs like not good right yeah I this is this is I'm glad you brought that up so obviously there's air filters like a high quality HEPA filter which is a great one that does filter out the microplastics you know vacuuming also can disturb and bring microplastics in the air some vacuums have um he filters on them as well you know but but a lot of things to consider but you mentioned air quality and air pollution and and chemicals that are in it and that's another so that so the other area is you know can you get rid of any of these chemicals like BPA how do you how do you excrete them or some of the things you know some of the things that you're breathing in right so that that's the the next question I I actually think before that before we get into how you get them out of you can you just do a run through of best tactics for avoidance like super simple this is what we know I know it's going to be imperfect I know that everybody with health anxiety is just their heart ratees you know 20% higher than it should be what's the 8020 on avoiding Plastics in consumption I do I think there's imperfect avoidance right it's you're not going to avoid it 100% but I think the I would say the top things to consider and try to implement in your life would be one get a high quality reverse osmosis filter whether it's countertop or whole house system that's first and foremost um number two avoid drinking as much as possible out of plastic bottles also cans do are lined with um plastic lining as well um so consider that as well um number three avoid heating plastic so really like the Togo coffee mugs is a big one bring bring your own you know mug like this here Yeti I I bring yetis to I bring them when I travel and I ask them to can you put my latte in this mug and they do it I just had an idea there I've become addicted keep where you are but I become addicted to Dutch Bros coffee and I kind of need to tell the internet about it uh it's phenomenal I wonder if there is a way I was watching them make it because when you go and go through the drive-thru you can actually see the process of them going through it a lot of the time when they make an iced coffee an iced latte they're pouring it between almost what looks like a cocktail shaker the steel thing pouring it between that and pouring it between cup I haven't done this yet but one of the things that I thought about cuz the cup is typically filled with the ice then they pour the hot liquid over the ice and that's what cools it I was like huh if I said rather than you pouring it from the steel thing into the plastic could I just get you to do two steel things side by side put the ice in that one cool it down and then pop it into the plastic thing for me obviously the gold standard would be to take your own cup but if You' say that you don't have that I also have to assume that iced drinks are going to be better even if you get a splash of hot hitting the cup that you don't you can't get them to do some fancy cocktail trick with it's going to cool it down more quickly so it's not going to liberate for as long for as to as small exactly and if you think about it if you're getting an iced cup of fill-in the blank you know that's plastic the the beverage isn't in that cup for that long right so the breakdown it's like it's not really happos to you waiting for 20 minutes for it to become a consumable temperature yeah or as opposed to like bottled water like you said it's like how long has it been in there and heat it's been in how many trucks has it been on and warehouses has it you know gone through before it's been in that refrigerator that you think is cold um so you know and I do want to mention another thing with coffee but I'll get back to the imperfect avoidance we've got uh reverse osmosis not drinking tap water second up is avoiding bottled water third one is avoiding heating plastic which would include Tupperware reheating meals meal prep companies stuff like that I'm going to guess yes yeah all that because that's you know they're putting a lot of stuff in plastic right um and then I did mention like like canned soup is really bad because it's in a it's in a can that's lined with BPA and the soup goes in hot it goes in hot oh when they fill it yeah so there' have been studies that have compared people that get canned soup to like soup made in glass okay and um it increases like BP urinary BPA by 1,000% which is is insanely High have you do you know what the inside of tetra packs are like those sort of more cartton things do you know what I mean by Tetra pack I don't know what's in it but I'll tell you this and this is what I want is going to get back to BP there's something called polylactic acid that you can line I think you can line cans with it I know you can line to go coffee mugs like some I know Blue Bottle Coffee lines it with polylactic acid rather than um like BPA plastic so polylactic acid why not replace the that's not that's not liberated in the same way that's not that wouldn't impact us it's it's an organic it's not it's not plastic polylactic acid it's like an organic compound okay yeah so I mean you have to make sure that you know with anything sometimes companies will mix a little plastic in there and you never really know right like that's always the supply chain of your plastic let alone your food let's just let's assume that everyone's like you know credible and yeah doing the right thing yeah polylactic acid I don't know why like Starbucks and all these companies and cans everything should be lined with it because it's you know it's it's healthy it's Health going to I'm going to look into that for for neonic okay so what's what's next up after this soup heating stuff Tupper I mean dear God please just replace all of your Tupper wire with glass exactly and also um your utensils like don't don't use spatulas that are made of plastic wood w wood is fine yeah wood um you know also Teflon like have you want have stainless steel or you want to do cast IR or ceramic right like you don't want things that are coated because like you just never know what's in that coating I saw a comparison image on Twitter of one of those the non-stick pans but one of those that's you've used for two and a half years and it's got loads of scratches in it and that causes all hell to break loose and be liberated into the food absolutely I mean think about the scratches like that stuff is going somewhere like where's it going right going into your food right it's going into you so that's another um heat is a really big one a really and also microwave popcorn so the inside of bags the inside of the bags of microwave popcorn are lined with forever chemicals forever chemicals they're called that past because it takes our body like two to five years to get rid of them and they are carcinogens they're they're terrible and so and they're you're heating it up right the popcorn's heating up so popcorn popcorn bags is is um another one but I think uh you know in terms of that and then you know with respect to like the foods obviously like if you can like shrimp eating whole sardines anything like microplastics are in the digest of track of those Foods so like limiting you just don't want to eat shrimp like every day huh what are um what are capsules z0 capsules for supplements what's that made of what are those you know like a capsule like a like magnesium steroid like any type of creatine capsule or something where it's in a a it's capsulated as opposed to just raw tablet is that what it is is it gelatin typically it's usually not plastic I was just looking at it and thinking I bet that someone somewhere has realized that we can make it 50% cheaper if we use some sort of but it's typically going to be like a gelatin thing usually a high quality supplement would be yeah I I haven't I haven't seen the plastic ones but I don't you know I don't go around to the the first place that I've identified that doesn't have Plastics in so far so I can breathe a side of relief around all of the T tablets that I take every day I think if you're doing those things though that's like the the majority of of trying to decrease from the dryer right and then have a have a help it filter filter in your house like what you like to use I mean you can use like like there's a lot of different there's like high high quality medical grade ones that are a little more expensive which are great but for people that are just like like say they live in a condo or like they have a small flat or something you know getting like a honey well HEPA filter like for each room they're really not that expensive and they do filter out a lot of particulate matter um that you're you know breathing in including microplastics so I mean that's a pretty I think feasible option for Good Start on a endlessly comprehensive list in other news this episode is brought to you by momentus Ronda just mentioned that microplastics accumulate in the brain 10 to 20 times faster than other organs which is a terrifying statistic which is why optimizing your brain health is more important than ever and one of the best science back tools for that is Omega-3s they support cognition reduce inflammation and improve your heart health making them essential for your well-being they literally are one of the most important supplements I take every single day and with momentus you know that you're getting the highest quality Omega-3s on the market momentus are literally unparalleled when it comes to rigorous third party testing what you read on the label it's what's in the product and absolutely nothing else omegas are a massive part of my brain body and sleep stack which has a big impact on my cognition my strength my recovery and best of all there's a 30-day money back guarantee so you can buy it and try it for 29 days if you don't like it they just give you your money back and they ship internationally and you can get 20% off everything by going to the link in the description below or heading to live mous.com wisdom and using the code modern wisdom a checkout that's l i v m o n us.com wisdom and modern wisdom a checkout okay so if we've got that's how to avoid them this is where they come from how possible is it for our bodies to actually get rid of them what are the ways that we can speed this up actually first question is it possible to test can I go and work out how how many microplastics are in my body um that's a good question so I've had people emailing me about test their developing for for for measuring microplastics in circulation you have to remember once it gets into circulation like that's when it's going to other organs right I haven't seen any validated tests on actual microplastics yet but there are tests on the chemicals associated with them so like BPA phalates forever chemicals and the test that I use is from vibrant Wellness they have a really yeah they have a really great um toxin Panel test total talks yep and so they do everything like all those chemicals and others they do like microt toxins they do heavy metals and uh you know I don't have any affiliation with them but I think they're just they've got a great the same one that my that my doctor Gabrielle lion it's the same one that her team suggested and it came back and everything was red so uh yeah I can vouch for the fact that it's accurate right so that would be you know the testing wise now um again with microplastics I think we're going to start to see a lot of tests come out now that this is Brian Johnson's trying to develop one he was tweeting about it recently I mean he's tweeting about a lot of things at the moment um but yeah he was tweeting about some microplastics test interesting yeah there's there's a variety of companies and I'm sure vibrant Wellness is probably going to add that to the list um as well okay so that's how we find out how can I get rid of them I got too many microplastics in my body how do I get rid of them yeah so microplastics we kind of talked about a little bit getting rid of them and that really the main source is excretion through feces and that happens with dietary fiber so if you are eating a lot of fruits and vegetables that does increase the chances that microplastics are going to move their way out through feces is that only microplastics that you're consuming along with it or is it able to pull microplastics sort of detoxify them from your body I think it's I think it's in general to be honest because if you think about like fiber what does it do it moves stuff through your body it doesn't necessarily have to be something that you just ate right like it could be something that you had hours before so if you're getting like fiber daily fiber right like thinking about getting your total daily fiber I think that's something that is important because it's moving the it's moving it out of your body so you can't absorb it through both ways like the the ways of just moving it through but also you know with the type of fiber that's found in things like you know berries and apples so these are pectins like inulin all this all this type of fermentable fiber green bananas resistant starch like that stuff makes viscous gel-like substance in your gut which encapsulates microplastics that you're not absorbing them so really I think it's just like more important to focus on the daily fiber intake versus like with a meal so is that the the biggest mover daily fiber intake do you think I do and this is all animal data like there's this is all new there's no real human data yet on on that area in terms of like excreting it through feces and absorption intestinal absorption um but I do think like it's it it makes sense like why wouldn't it translate right so um that's something that I think is important oh the other thing this just came out this is interesting also animal data so forever chemicals I mentioned forever chemicals those take two to 5 years to excrete to get rid of I say excrete to to detoxify get out of your body they stay in your body forever that's why they're called Forever chemicals um unlike bisphenol a which is it has it's in your in your body for like up to four or five hours you know any from two to 5 hours this this really kind of daily excretion and it's excreted through urine but there's studies showing that the they're called um beta glucans and they're in oats and they're in mushrooms but the study used oats the beta glucans which is by the way a fermentable type of uh fiber they were they actually caused excretion of the forever chemicals pasas in animals which is something that doesn't happen so they increase the um excretion through it's this whole mechanism that affects like your your your liver your your bile acid and liver and cholesterol and all this like fancy stuff that you know might be confusing to explain but essentially that's been shown to um increase the excretion of forever chemicals so I've actually been adding a lot of um oats in fact I had some oatmeal this morning because I'm like oh my gosh this isn't incredible like the reason why I also think it's happening in humans is because there was a human study not with oats um but it was it's a drug that's used to lower cholesterol and it does the exact same thing that oats the beta the beta glucans and oats do it was shown to clear forever chemicals and people wow so I'm like oh okay add the Dots here what about sauna sauna so sauna um so I'm talking about excreting things um through through urine or feces right so so bisphenol a and a lot of these plastic chemicals the primary root of excretion is through urine and there is a way I think that we can excrete them sauna you're excreting mostly is through sweat and there are a lot of toxins that we're exposed to that we do excrete through sweat a lot of those are heavy metals so for example um cadmium and aluminum so aluminum is associated with Alzheimer's disease they are more readily excreted through sweat than through urine and so when you get in the sauna you really you can you can excrete a little bit of BPA it does it does come out through sweat as well however the majority of excretion um chemicals that are being excreted through sweat are things like some heavy metals and things like that so that um is important for excretion of a lot of you know compounds that are detrimental to health but when it comes to BPA for example or phalates so the way so the the these compounds are they're soluble and in order for us to get rid of them we have to make them water soluble and there's an enzyme that does that and that enzyme is activated by a system in our body called the Nrf2 system it's a system that's a major transcription factor that basically turns on a lot of genes turns off a lot of genes so what it does is it activates something called The Phase 2 detoxification enzymes these detox a lot of harmful compounds in our body the major dietary activator of this system is a compound called sulfurane which is something that you can produce when you eat cruciferous vegetables like broccoli broccoli um is a good source actually the younger plant broccoli Sprouts have a hundred times more of the precursor to make sulfur called glucoraphenin um so you basically this suhane compound is made when the plant is like broken so when you bite it chew it right that's when you start to make the suhane so broccoli Sprouts have a really really high concentration of that precursor there have been a variety of studies that um have looked at sulfurane and giving it to humans and it it activating this system and causing the excretion of harmful compounds that we breathe in so they're been studies in China where air pollution is terrible and people are breathing in for example Benzene okay benzene is a known carcinogen it's also in addition to air pollution it's found in cigarette smoke any plant burning material fires right so this is very relevant to people like in Southern California and Los Angeles where there's a lot of wildfires and the air quality is very bad there's Benzene in the air okay Benz is a cinogen so there have been studies in China more than one study showing that consuming sulfurane about it's like 40 about 40 micromoles of sulfurane causes the excretion of benzene to increase within 24 hours by 60% so this is really big you can't supplement sulur aine you can and I do supplement with it so um I take a supplement called avmacol and that supplement has been used in a lot of different clinical studies because it's very it's a they've got a very reliable source of glucoraphenin and the and the enzyme myosin is very unstable it's sensitive to heat so if you heat broccoli up really hot you're actually like degrading a lot of the sorine that you're going to someone's eating broccoli raw would be optimal optimal or just lightly lightly cooked like like lightly cooked so this company has been very delicate with how they've they yeah they're they um they've got so I what I I take two of their advanced advanced avmacol which has about gosh it's like 68 micro moles or something per per tablet and so it only so actually taking one tablet of that was equivalent to study on Benzene excretion so I take two tablets a day and the reason I do that is because I also want to increase glutathione which is a antioxidant a very powerful antioxidant in our body there have been clinical studies showing that people taking sulfurane increase their glutathion levels in their plasma and also in their brain so in the brain I mean it's it it's hugely important for cognitive function for brain aging everything like that so I take anywhere between two to four AMAC calls a day because that's and by by the way I have no affiliation with them their um their stabilization process is really great it's in a tablet form versus like a capsule so capsules are cheaper to make but they retain water and water degrades the my myosin enzyme so dancing through this mine field is basically impossible isn't it it there's a lot to consider um but when it comes back to the sulfurane and BPA there's not direct evidence human evidence that it's causing the excretion I think it's doing it because there's an animal study showing that if you give animals sulfurane and then give them a toxic level of BPA it doesn't induce tox toxicity two sulfurane activates these very enzymes that cause BPA to be water soluble and excreted that's known three we have all this this you know data human clinical data showing that sulfurane causes the excretion of other harmful compounds that also have to be converted to be water soluble like Benzene and AC for example so I think there's a lot of evidence suggesting that sulane would help with excretion of BPA you touched on something there I don't know whether you've got any advice or whether you'd feel comfortable but a lot of people will have been directly impacted by the F in LA or indirectly just by it's happened around them they've been more stressed and they've been breathing in this air which presumably is still probably going to be in the local ecology is there anything how worried do you think that people should be about what's being liberated into into the air and if you were someone that's being worried is there a particular protocol or some things that you would consider over the next few weeks and months to try and just help yourself get back to a good place of Health I do and you know I have um several friends that have been you know impacted by the the LA fires and I've kind of talked to them about some of this stuff so um first I've I've you know avoiding going outside or wearing a mask if you're like there in the thick of it right when it's like really really bad air quality but um having a HEPA filter inside one um and two the sulfurane so I've I've now told several friends that they should be taking um avmacol again I don't have any affiliation with them they just there's multiple clinical studies using their formulation very reliable and um so you know taking anywhere between two to four a day to increase the excretion of a lot of these harmful compounds that are in the air now that's not going to cause you like the microplastics that you're breathing in you're not going to sulur Frane isn't going to help with that it's going to help with the chemical aspects of it the microplastics themselves like because Plastics are burning and lots of stuff particulate matters in the air that's where you get the HEPA filters that's important um to help with the the breathing in that air right so I hope that we haven't caused too much um health anxiety for people with that I'm aware that there's a number of vectors everybody can get worried about how much is oh my God I got not even the food that I need to be worried about it's what it's wrapped in and I had this story a funny story from a friend that was telling me about he goes to a farmers market and he wants to get raw milk and the raw milk's in glass bottles and it's got a a cap on it you know there's at no point there any plastic anywhere near it and he asked the farmer about how they get the milk from the cows and there use an automatic pumping machine which runs it through plastic pipes he's like that's warm milk going through a plastic pipe even the most psychedelic Progressive farmers market in the world where you think you know this is basically you might as well have pumped the cow into a steel bucket and poured it into this it's like yeah some plastic pipes were in between I I can add to that story that's that's going to freak you out even more so bring it on so no one's worried enough we're talking about forever chemicals right and how humans don't excrete them for like years well it turns out these forever chemicals are because they're in our water source right again Wastewater plants aren't treating for them so they're concentrating in things like sludge that's used on a lot of non-organic Farms but the non-organic Farms are a very close proximity to organic farms what's a non-organic thumb well I just mean not not not organic right they're right okay so organic farms are not technically supposed to use sludge right right so which includes like Wastewater as fertilizer waste water and the sludge knows that this is the boundary of the exactly it gets into the soil and it leeches here right and so so it's it's actually contaminated a lot of like Organic Farms as well and um there was a consumer report study a couple of years ago that went and sampled a lot of dairy products off of shelves like grass grass milk you know the organic grass milk and just a lot of different varieties of milk why were they targeting milk well it turns out forever chemicals um cows do excrete them unlike humans cows excrete them through their milk so when you are eating yogurt or milk or cheese I mean these are all things where you're like you have to consider are there forever chemicals in in my dairy product because this Consumer Report found that lots of products including the organic ones had much much higher levels of P than are considered safe obviously this is your sort of one of your many new uh pet research obsessions how big of a deal across the entire repertoire of things that people need to be worried about about how highly do you rank the Plastics microplastics andic disruptors I do I do rank them highly I think the highest would be you know exercising consistently you know five five days a week not being overweight obese trying to trying to eat a more Whole Foods diet but that includes like it's up there after after those things because I do think there's Insidious damage that's happening we are accumulating them in our organs we're starting to now unpack that this is actually affecting human health and there are a few High Lev things that we can do to minimize our exposure that we've discussed focusing on those few high level things the water filters you know trying to not heat the plastic trying to like minimize the single-use Plastics that you're using it's not going to be you know 100% but minimize it as much as you can you're doing a lot if you can do that right I do think that like you don't want to become a manic person about it because chronic stress is bad for you so so that's like you have to kind of like draw the line and live your life like I've kind of done that myself where it's like okay like I'm not I'm not it's it's imperfect but I'm going to do what I can and I know that that's going to have a good impact especially if I'm exercising and I'm eating healthy and I'm trying to do all the other things that are like the most important getting my micronutrients so I like doing those things you know at the end of the day it's going to be okay okay you said you would do some research into ultr processed foods as well I have been learning about this grass gas loophole thing is this the pebble at the top of the Avalanche that sort of wrecked the American food system is that why there's a big issue um no a short answer good I know it's it can be confusing so so you're talking about generally recognized as safe grass and that's you you mentioned loophole but let's take a step back before the loophole there was just grass there was the generally recognized as safe and this has been around since like the early 1900s and it's essentially thing things can go into the food our food supply that are generally recognized as safe so it was meant to be you know for things like vinegar or salt right like not these chemicals that we have to have a lot of testing and FDA has to look at all this testing well um generally recognized as safe back then was something you did have to submit to the FDA for review and then FDA would look over whatever data you gave them if you're a manufacturing company and they'd say okay it looks like it's safe the loophole um it came about out and I think it was like the late 1990s like 1997 and that was like that basically said okay you manufacturers no longer have to submit anything to the FDA for review they can just review it internally decide whether or not it's safe so it kind of gave and there's a lot of controversy over this there's a lot of you know you give a lot of freedom to manufacturers who obviously have a conflict of interest because they want to sell their products and they can kind of decide whether or not something is generally recognized as safe um with respect to the the ultr processed foods in general you know there's processed foods and then there's Ultra processed foods right like what what what's the difference different so processed foods typically like this is minimal processing this is something like making oats something where you want to increase the bioavailability of bioavailability of nutrients which you know oats increases the bioavailability of some of the minerals and stuff um or chopping and freezing fruits and vegetables like frozen fruits and vegetables that you can buy in the every food has some form of processing in it unless you're eating it actually Roar from the ground exactly so it's very minimal right the the old Ultra processing ultr processed foods or UPF as there sometimes you'll see them called upfsi um the purpose of these Foods is convenience it's taste improving taste improving texture imp you know flavor improving appearance colors shelf life shelf life exactly um so so so what ends up happening these YP of foods end up having a lot of calories they're a lot of added sugar they have a lot of chemicals that may make it taste really good texture really good they'll have additives um that will extend the shelf life and they'll have a lot of colors so you can find them in candies cereals um you know a lot of junk food cookies chips crackers already flavored yogurts protein bars I mean there a lot of there's a lot of packaged types of foods like this is you know fast foods already prepared meals that you buy long list of ingredients you know there's over 10,000 chemicals that's in our food system in the United States 10,000 chemicals that are in our foods like that's a lot of chemicals they're not all coming in through grass I mean these are chemicals like a lot of the um for example the the food coloring so you mentioned earlier and the podcast red number three red number 40 yellow number five number six blue number one like these food colorings have been around for a long time in our foods and just recently now the FDA has banned red number three from our Foods in the United States because it's a carcinogen it's a known carcinogen and you know this is um I think they have like two years or so to to actually manufacturers have two years to get it off the shelf so until like 20 27 or something like that but you know these food colorings are not only known carcinogens they also known mut so those are things that damage DNA it's a precursor for something to become a carcinogen they also there's a lot of human data um that it affects the brain these colors affect the brain they cause and exacerbate hyperactivity impulse control so um and how robust is the evidence on this I would say there's varying it it appears a lot of the studies are done in children and Adolescence and there's lots of data out there often times the randomized control trials that are done give all of the colors so it's not just like one but they give all of the colors and children seem to have varying sensitivities to them so there's individual variation but it's pretty robust that a large subset of Children and adolescents are affected by these and if you think about by these colors that are in all the foods that are targeted to children and Adolescent a quick aside what if I told you the only way to be successful in life is to wake up and eat a bowl of Wheaties well I would never tell you that but starting a day with element that is the real Breakfast of Champions and that's why I've started every morning with element for the last three years each grabing go stick contains a science backed electrolyte ratio of sodium potassium and magnesium with no sugar no coloring no artificial ingredients or any other junk it plays a critical role in reducing muscle cramps and fatigue while optimizing brain health regulating appetite and curbing Cravings you might not need more sleep you might not need more caffeine you might just be dehydrated and proper hydration isn't just about drinking sufficient water it's about having enough electrolytes to allow your body to properly absorb those fluids which is why it's used by everyone Dr Mike isrel Olympic athletes Dr Andrew hubman and FBI sniper teams also they have a no questions asked refund policy so if you don't like it for any reason they'll give you your money back you don't even need to return the box cuz that's how confident they are that you love it right now you can get a free sample pack of all eight flavors with your your first box by going to the link in the description below or heading to drink LM nt.com slod wisdom that's drink lnt.com modern wisdom so we made a capsule version of newtonic and we got rid of the caffeine and the althan we added in some bopa manary and Ginko baloba and um I real I didn't realize but colored capsules were around in the '90s it's like huh capsules the most boring thing in the world what could we do to make them a little bit more visually exciting turn them into sort of a marketing material also create a little bit of an expectation effect in there as well why don't we use colly capsules that' be great it's like well pills red pill if we make a red pill people are going to think that the jokes write themselves Matrix we did this Matrix theme and we're that on the lawn shoot and Harry the guy that runs the Ops for newtonic came up and he's like mate got some uh but some good news and got some bad news about about the capsules it's like what's up they look great he's like yeah yeah yeah they colored with red 40 I was like right you're telling me that the productivity Focus product that we've tried to design has something that's been linked to ADHD in children in it's it's literally encased in ADHD causing color yeah he's like but but we've got these um vegan capsules okay that's interesting let me have a look he gets them out I was like that's brown that's brown that's a brown color what we have here on set is this beautiful sort of bright red thing cuz red 40 turns things bright red uh so we had to get custom beetroot colored capsules that was the way that we got around because I wasn't prepared to do the brown one I wasn't prepared to do the red 41 so we ended up having to get we've got like some absurd number of empty beetroot colored capsules waiting to be filled for the next however long that we keep on selling these things but that was what we the hoop that we had to jump through in in order to be able to sort of skirt around trying to avoid red for even in just the coloring of a capsule it's crazy precisely I mean there are ways around it right like beetroot um spinach turmeric like these can color things and and you can find a lot of healthier quote unquote healthier they're still processed foods when you talk about that get more into that in a minute but you know there are at least you're not having chemicals that are known carcinogens that are known to disrupt cognitive function to be you know to disaster Bay and play a role in impulsive control um impulse control and impulsivity and like not being able to focus and pay attention right trans fats were in there too weren't they this is incredible this is incredible because trans fats were actually added through the original grass generally generally recognized as safe they were they were added in like the early 1900s something like 1911 they were added to our food supply and you know remember trans fats there was a big push for trans fats you know dating I mean certainly back into like the 1950s was like when it really started to become sort of popular but even before that they were added to our food supply because they were thought to be the quote unquote healthier alternative because they didn't raise they they were they weren't saturated fat and therefore didn't raise LDL cholesterol okay but the problem is is that so trans fats they all have the their fatty acid chains that have double bonds between the carbons okay saturated fat doesn't have any double bonds and this is really important because it changes the structure of the fat when it's incorporated into our our cells so we we eat fat and it's broken down into fatty acids these fatty acids get taken up into new cells that we make in our body all of our cells that we're making that are new red blood cells neurons um the cells that are aligning our blood vessels and Our arteries their endothelial cells the reason this is important because fatty acids that are taken up into those cells are making up the membrane okay so a cell if you think about like a cell as a circle has this membrane and the membrane is like movable it's flexible um so and you want that to be flexible because that's how we transport nutrients into the cell there's Transporters there's receptors that bind to hormones they bind to neurotransmitters the cell needs to be flexible for those things to happen to be correct it it affects the function of the cell so when you have um trans fats so saturated fat is like a single Bond same with unsaturated fat single Bond it's bendable it's bendable it's like able to to to bend and move right trans fats have these double bonds and make it really stiff like they it doesn't move it's a very stiff structure so when they get incorporated into our cell membranes it stiffens our cells it totally changes like the flexibility of it and when that happens in the the endothelial cells line our blood vessels and Our arteries it causes them to become stiff so our blood vessels can't dilate as well like vasod dilation right it causes cardiovascular disease it affects hypertension it's hugely hugely bad for the heart and you know this is something that it took so the FDA I think it was like in 2006 they started to go M maybe not so good and finally in 2015 they like okay we're going to take this out this is is no longer allowed in the food supply you know but we got to give we got to give manufacturers some time to get it off the shelves so finally in 2018 it was off the shelves we're talking a hundred years over a hundred years that this stuff was in our food supply causes cardiovascular disease it didn't it it doesn't take that much time to figure out yes cardiovascular disease takes decades to develop but does it take 10 decades to figure that out no you know so that was like a trans fets is like the the the the golden example of you know how things get into the food they're thought to be safe and it takes how many decades before we realize oh they're actually responsible for a lot of deaths while that that was still in food in 2017 it yeah it is it is and you know the the the the trans fats um you know thankfully they're out of our food now but there's other chemicals right I mentioned there's 10,000 chemicals in Foods so the ultr processed foods um another one that's really a big one is nitrites so nitrites are in not nitrites okay glad you mentioned that let's discuss so right brilliant nitrites are found in processed Meats right so they're a preservative they're found in bacon in you know ham lunch meats hot dogs like things like that right they can be converted you know when we digest them and they can be converted in our gut to nitrosamines and these are car cens and this is why processed Meats has been classified sort of as a carcinogen because there's there's bacon bacon with yeah especially when you're cooking it at like a high temperature you can convert it to the nitrous amines as well so nitrites bacon with nitrites um can be unhealthy because of the you know if your Bacon's got nitrites in it well there's a lot of labels out there on bacon that says it's uncured so cure they usually cure it with nitrites okay so uncured C bacon would be nitrate free well the so here's the question and it comes back to nitrates often times the bacon is this the BPA BPS thing all over again um not necessarily not necessarily I think there's a silver lining the nitrates you know are something that's found in plants they're in vegetables they're in Greens they're you know all over in nature they can also be converted into um nitrites and then ultimately n amines however vitamin C prevents the conversion so vitamin C is also found in plants so packaged together so that's why when you eat you know a lot of plants or like beets have a lot of nitrates you know beet beet beetroot juice extract is high in nitrates but it's also high in vitamin C and when you have the vitamin C there it converts the nitrates into nitric oxide so if I have a baraca while I have my bacon exactly a lot of vitamin C while you're baconers Bally shifts it toward nitri good for your blood vels it's AAS of dilator right um there are a lot of Bacons that will say say no nitrites but they'll have like celery powder I don't know how much vitamin C is in celery powder extract my I would assume not that much but make sure you're like eating some pomegranate with your bacon or something high in vitamin C okay that helps the conversion so there's yeah what about the concerns without sugar exactly yeah so we talked about there's a lot of chemicals in foods and you know there's it's 10,000 chemicals so you can figure out how many of those may be detrimental to health I would say one of the biggest problem with ultra processed foods is the added sugar and when we say added sugar we mean not sugar like if you if you're eating an apple right it's got like natural sugar in in that that's bound to a fiber Matrix we're talking about adding table sugar like sucrose glucose and fructose 50% mixture of each into it um foods have tons and tons of added sugar process Ultra process foods have tons and tons of added sugar and that's part of the hyper palatability of them right it's it what what's make them taste good lot there's a lot of Downstream problems with the added sugar right on the brain on overeating so there was actually a really good study that was published a couple years ago out of the NIH from Kevin Hall's lab and he took the same group of people and gave them either an ultr processed foods diet or a Whole Foods diet and these diet he gave the same same group the same diet so like the same people had each diet with a wash out period and then they measured a bunch of things right so you're not looking at a lot of individual variability here right it's called a crossover trial design so he gave these um so what so what happened is these these two two groups so the Whole Foods versus the ultra process right same number of calories in in the food same number of um uh same amount of sodium same amount of energy density there were not similar amounts of added sugar so the ultra processed foods had like 50% more added sugar fiber was the same but only because they gave the ultr processed food group drinks with like Metamucil or something right like they had to give them fiber because essentially processed foods have no fiber right and then um protein was mostly similar there was a little bit more in the Whole Foods Group than the ult processed foods group but the study basically gave these people like again equivalent amounts of like calories and stuff and so so the total sugars were the same so the fruits and stuff had sugar but it was the added sugar that was different right um he gave these people the these meals that they came into like a a metabolic Ward to eat you know and they and they and they were basically given 60 minutes to eat their meal so they could eat as much as they wanted or as little as they wanted so they didn't like make them eat a certain amount the point was to see if they were going to over consume overeat right turns out when they were eating the ultra process foods people on average ate 500 calories more um than eating the Whole Foods diet so this was 500 calories more um per per um per week and so they ended up gaining 2 lbs more on well that they actually gain two pounds if they're eating Ultra processed foods and they lost two pounds if they're eating Whole Foods and this was from zero from their baseline from their Baseline yeah and this was for for the two week that the trial happened so if you think about that's a pound per week they were gaining that's four pounds a month so 4 * 12 is 48 that's 48 pound it couldn't have been 500 calories a week if they gained a pound it was 500 calories per two weeks yes no that's that also can't be right 500 calories per meal sorry yes they were eating 500 calories more per meal but they were gaining two pounds more per two weeks or one pound per week yes so it was a 3,500 Surplus per week yes because it was 500 per meal y right so so they were eating you know overeating and the question is why were they overeating right and there's probably a lot of reasons for that you know one is they weren't having they weren't being satiated so refine added sugar basically disrupts hormones it disrupts the hormones that are involved in satiation like leptin um Gins a hunger hormone so like those things were being disrupted in those individuals um and it you know the question is is like if you're eating a refined sugar diet if you're eating a lot of ultra processed foods you're probably eating more of the foods right why is that well you're not being satiated for one two um even though there was less protein in the ultr processed foods it seemed as though people were eating more almost to get their protein needs oh that's so interesting yeah have you heard of the protein leverage hypothesis is no it was Steven Simpson Simpson I think was the one of the main scientists involved in in this hypothesis and essentially um what it is is that your body like needs a certain amount of protein per day to like maintain physiological functions and um so so he hypothesized that no matter what if you were eating foods that were low in protein you're were going to overeat because you had to like maintain this amount of protein that your body really needs right and so him and some his colleagues have done some randomized control trials sort of proving this hypothesis where it's like you can give people lower protein same you know everything else but they will over consume if they have the lower protein just to kind of like get up to that protein need so that's another possibility again if you're eating a lot of ultra processed foods they're low in protein protein is satiating for one right that's also something to consider but it does seem as though like there's like it's interesting there might be this protein leverage hypothesis that might be partly explaining some of this as well because it's like your body is wanting to meet the protein needs um for just maintaining a lot of different physiological functions that require protein how much good research has been done that that study sounds pretty impressive but is primarily the mechanism that I think most people come to agree on when it comes to ultra processed foods hyper palatable calorie dense easier to eat more and per bite tends to be more calorific so it's easier to gain weight multiple different ways that it's easier to gain weight when it comes to the ultra processed foods what's in them how they affect us outside of the palatability and the calorie density what else is going on that seems to be evidence-based that's something that we should be concerned about yeah well I think that part of part of it is that people are consuming more of the of it because they're not satiated right that it's disrupting the hormones which I mentioned so that is the one thing to consider is that the biggest mover in all of this um for weight gain I would say it is because like weight gain really is comes down to like eating eating more calories and right calories in calories out makes makes a big difference um but there's other factors at play here that I think really come down to the added sugar right so added sugar affects so many different things in the body um everything from you know hormone production to cognition so hormones testosterone I know you're interested in testosterone there was a pretty classic study that was done that showed that um men and it this was a huge age range and you know we're talking young men that were like 17 all the way up to like older adults so young adults middle-aged adults older adults if they consumed 75 grams of added sugar so that would be like a medium-sized doughnut and the coke okay not out of the like people do that all the 75 G sounds like so much but when you put it in terms of a doughnut and a coke that's it it's not right there's there's a lot of Americans eating a standard American diet and eating donuts with Coke or donuts with coffee and a bunch of added sugar in their coffee right so it actually is something that I would say is pretty practical in terms of what people are consuming and we can actually talk about what people are consuming in terms of added sugar but 75 gram of added sugar and um this caused a 25% decrease in their circulating testosterone within a 2hour range so it's obviously transient M but nonetheless 25% less that's significant you're chipping away at that grazing throughout the day yeah exactly and imagine if people are eating I mean if that if their whole diet is nothing but Ultra processed foods right so you're talking you know in that study with Kevin Hall they actually calculated how much it costs to have the Whole Foods diet versus the ultra processed food diet and it was $45 more um a week for the ultra sorry the Whole Foods diet M so that that's significant it adds up over like a month right so we're talking what $180 a month it's expensive to be healthy for a lot of people that makes a difference and so it's like economically you're people are economically incentivized to eat ultr processed foods because they're cheaper there's also this is CI mean's whole thing and vanny Harry's as well about um whatever the food stamp system is called oh right um snap yes snap the uh the sorts of foods that tend to be available on Snap right trying to eat in a more healthy manner on that is very difficult more difficult so what you mentioned there about what are Americans eating typically what what are they putting in their bodies I mean it's it's B for processed foods so so the the refined sugar or I'm calling it refined sugar it's really added sugar is kind of interchangeably but you know ultimately people are eating 133% of their daily caloric intake is coming from added sugar that's a lot if you 2,000 calorie a day if you just consider that like on average that's a lot of coming from sugar in fact um guidelines so the the guidelines for like the strictest guidelines suggest no more than 5% of your total um daily caloric intake coming from added sugar so that would be like no more than 25 grams a day 5% people are eating 13% of their total calorie intake from added sugar so added sugar is also affecting probably what's happening also is there's there's there's a mechanism there it's hyper palatable it tastes good you know people want things that taste good but there's an addictive aspect there as well and that's that's been shown in certainly a lot of animal studies but also some human data as well so there's been studies showing that if if people eat add a sugar it activates dopamine reward Pathways in the brain in the striatum more than like eating fat for example so there was a study that compared fat versus added sugar and so it's activating these dopamine reward Pathways animal Studies have found that it's activating dopamine reward Pathways um much like addictive drugs do but to a much milder degree of course so what I'm what I'm saying is that you can have addictive drugs like cocaine methamphetamine nicotine will will activate these dopamine reward Pathways and parts of the brain sugar activates them too to a much milder degree of course but you know in animal studies they'll they'll keep going back for the sugar like this addictive thing right now again you got to take the animal studies at the grain of salt because we are not rodents but there is human evidence that these pathways are being activated in our brain with um added sugar and there's also evidence that if you look at people that are obese you know the obesogenic diet is largely consists of a lot of added sugar well um people that are obese have a lower density of dopamine 2 receptors D2 receptors um really indicative of something called tolerance so what happens if you keep activating the dopamine reward pathway is that your body as a adaptive response a feedback to it goes ohes I don't need so many dopamine receptor because I had a lot of that signal coming in right um but what ends up happening is when you have fewer of those receptors then the little bit of dopamine that you have you're not feeling it as much it's you need more and more right and so you know you kind of Connect the Dots here and I would say certainly we need more evidence in the human Arena on the you know potential addictive properties of added sugar um however what we do have is a lot of animal evidence and you know some human evidence and I think that it really indicates that there is it's affecting reward Pathways it's affecting our dopamine system and that's you know unhealthy how legitimate are the to cancer when it comes to ultr processed foods and sugar I you know there's a lot of ways to get there so I'll give you you know obviously when you when you talk to a scientist like the the most robust evidence is well we need a randomized control trial we need to prove causation right well you're never going to get that because it takes decades for cancer to you know rear its ugly head and that's like too expensive of trial but the evidence that we do have um you know for one people that are uh obese tend to eat more added sugar I mean that's a fact the obese people are eating added sugar as a proportion yes yeah ex because they'll eat more of everything over they're eating they're eating more process ultr processed foods which are higher in added sugar don't have a fiber Matrix you know the way sugar is metabolized when you're when it's packaged in with fruit is very different than uh added sugar in Ultra processed foods which has no fiber Matrix and um so what happens when it has a fiber Matrix is it slows the metabolism of it it really slows it down it's not this big bolus for one your gut isn't seeing a big bolus of it which causes you know it actually causes intestinal permeability and that causes inflam inflammatory um molecules to leech into your bloodstream inflammation is a major driver of Aging cancer um it causes damage to DNA so all those things happen right and there have been studies that have shown that men young men that consume it's like 20 o of um a sugar sweetened beverage a day for three weeks okay these are healthy young men they're consuming like like a big like Coke right something like that after 3 weeks their inflammatory bar biomarkers go up like a 100% like a 100% so that's causing inflammation in healthy just healthy young men again inflammation is something that is involved in driving cancer um we know that obesity is very intimately linked to cancers there's like 13 different cancers that obesity is known to play a role in there's just a lot of evidence that lifestyle factors like um eating ultrapress foods like being overweight obese like these are factors that can dramatically reduce cancer incidents if they are you know reduced if you reduce your Ultra processed foods if you re reduce your added sugar and and lose weight like these are things that are that are known so um I do think that it's pretty pretty strong link and again it's multiple ways that it's happening it's not just like you know there's there's through the Obesity right mechanism but it's also causing you know there's the insulin sensitivity and insulin production and just all sorts of things that are that are at play here I think it's important to separate out the Obesity side from what else is going on because lots of people that listen to the podcast will probably have a good indication of well where's my body weight at and I probably go to the gym and I do all the rest of the stuff what else is happening how else can I motivate myself to pick the healthier option even if I know that my waistline isn't going to be the determining factor for this I'm not obesity isn't that much of a risk for me so what is it that could be happening so I think it's interesting to sort of break it apart like that I guess another area that I'm particularly interested in is brain health and energy levels when it comes to the impact of the ultr processed foods the added sugar stuff like that and that's probably one of the biggest areas that it it also has an impact on you know so if you're if you're eating a lot of added sugar then you know you can have higher than you can basically be on the high end of the normal range for blood glucose levels so you're within the normal range but on the higher end right so you're not diabetic so you might think oh I don't have diabetes I'm fine I'm still within the normal range but there are studies showing that people on the high end of the normal range have increased atrophy in the hippocampus part of their brain that's involved in learning and memory and they have higher atrophy in the amydala part of their brain that's involved in emotional regulation compared to people on the lower end have you know blood glucose levels in the lower end of the normal range so that's an association study right um there's also angry and forgetful right um but but again Association study there's also other studies showing that higher blood glucose levels are associated with increased like 54% Risk um increased risk for vascular dementia so so glucose what it's doing when you when you have a constant intake of glucose and that glucose let's say you're not exercising enough to have that glucose get get disposed into your muscle which is really where you want it right you want it to go get taken up into your muscle exercise really helps with that when you exercise you cause a lot of glucose Transporters to come up to your muscle which opens up the gates to allow glucose in you want it to go to your muscle instead of your adapost tissue if that doesn't happen if you're not exercising enough the glucose will stay around in your bloodstream and what happens is yes there's an insulin response and all that metabolic stuff but there's also something that happens that that's called the mailer reaction and it's where glucose reacts with lipids it reacts with um DNA in your body it reacts with proteins and damages them and when it reacts with proteins like for example collagen lining your your pericardium surrounding your heart your myocardium surrounding your heart lining your blood vessels it causes the collagen to become stiff it changes the properties of the protein it makes them stiff kind of like trans fats actually that's a really good analogy didn't think about that but it's really kind of the similar thing it causes your blood vessels to become stiff it causes your um the the tissue surrounding your heart to become stiff and that plays a major role in the stiffening of the heart with age which affects you know it affects cardiovascular disease risk right um so you're you're talking about just an accumulation of these this this mailer reaction what happens is it it forms something called Advanced glycation end products and that's what is basically stiffening the proteins like collagen which are around forever you don't your your collagen surrounding your heart and it's there and you know you don't want to make it stiffer right so um that's something to consider as well as the fact that um it is affecting cognition and the Brain as well so we talked about brain aging it causes inflammation so for example I mentioned the the study of of men that consumed the the sort of 20 ounce sugar sweetened beverage and they had 100% increase in their inflammatory markers after 3 weeks well inflammation essentially is is those molecules are getting into the brain crossing over the bloodb brain barrier and they're getting into the brain it was thought for a long time that inflammatory molecules don't cross the blood brain barrier but that years ago was debunk we now know a lot of cyto kindes and inflammatory things are crossing the blood brain barrier and when they get into the brain they are doing a variety of things for one they're affecting mood immediately and we know that for a fact we know causally you can take a healthy person and inject them with lipopolysaccharide which is something that's it's found in our gut it's it's a component of bacterial membrane so we have a lot of bacteria in our gut makes up our microbiome when you have leaky gut intestinal permeability lipopolysaccharide gets into your circulation refined sugar does do that um you can inject normal PE normal healthy people with lipopolysaccharide or placea which is saline and it causes massive inflammation okay like like what I just talked about with the sugar sweetened beverage and those people then end up getting depressive symptoms so it plays a role in Co their their mood but if you blunt that inflammatory response with something like um EPA which is a component of Omega-3 it's one of the omega-3 fatty acids it doesn't cause the depressive mood so inflammation does affect mood we also know that when you have a high inflammatory state which I just gave a lot of evidence for in terms of added sugar um it changes the metabolism of tryptophan tryptophan is an essential amino acid we get from our diet it's in proteins um it it's a precursor for serotonin serotonin is a neurotransmitter that's involved in cognition executive function it's involved in mood what inflammation does is it causes tryptophan instead of being converted into serotonin it causes it to be converted into something called curine which is involved in inflammation it's basically your your body your body is going oh I'm inflamed I've got a pathogen okay there's no pathogen it's actually just added sugar too much added sugar right constantly um and and so your body thinks it's a pathogen and so it's trying to then um make anything it can to activate immune cells to take care of the pathogen right but the problem is is that it's not a pathogen so curine um helps with that whole activating the immune system but also what it does is as it's metabolized it can form something called quinolinic acid which is a neurotoxin and it's also associated with depression so you're talking about inflammation now affecting you know key metabolic processes that are important for cognition executive function mood and dampening those processes right so you're you're you can immediately have an effect on cognition I mean you you get like a quick sugar high but but boy does that go away pretty quick right I mean it's like you immediately start to feel like that sort of if you wanted to reliably make your mental performance bad having a doughnut and a a Coke an hour before you were supposed to do something important is probably a pretty good way to do it exactly it's almost like when you're sick how you feel right you feel fog brain foggy because your your inflammation your immune system is activated you mentioned a couple of times today about leaky gut permeability at a high level what can people do I've heard it I've heard the words I kind of understand what it means it's kind of in the name what can people do to rebuild the gut and make it less leaky well you know leaky gut is kind of the the common word the the real it's intestinal permeability and essentially what it is is you have tight junctions that are holding your um your endothelial cells at line your intestine together and they sort of open up right and allow basically they allow you know these LPS and and and cyto kindes and stuff to go into your your circulation and cause inflammation um essentially there's a variety of factors that can increase intestinal permeability obviously there's genetic factors that play as well people have Celiac I mean that's a big problem and Crohn's disease inflammatory bowel disease like all those things are sort of chronic issues that do cause intestinal permeability but generally speaking um an obesogenic diet so the worst thing you can do is have a diet high in a lot of fats particularly saturated fat combined with refined sugar so think like ice cream right like anything that's really high in saturated fat plus refined sugar um can cause intestinal permeability obesity itself can play a role in that as well um binge shrinking is another one chronic stress so psychological stress anything like relationship stress Financial stress emotional stress work rated stress itself release stress hormones causes intestinal permeability there have been studies on that they they took people that were about to give a presentation when you're stressed in fact if they would have measured mine before the podcast they would have been like oh she's got intestinal permability got the corticotropin releasing hormone but but stress also does it so really again it comes down to um fiber plays an important role in preventing intestinal permeability for a couple of reasons one 70% of the energy used by your gut is called butyrate butyrate is made from bacteria in your gut by fermenting that fermentable type of fiber I was talking about so things that are high in pectins that's a type of fermentable fiber that be berries or apples with the skin on it or inulin so onions asparagus or um the mushrooms so the beta the the beta glucans mushrooms oats basically eating a lot of fermentable fiber increases beuty rate production really helps keep your gut healthy and prevent intestinal permeability but I think the main thing really is you want to you want to make make sure you're eating Whole Foods so fruits vegetables lean meats poultry fish like a Whole Food's diet Ultra processed food diet increases intestinal permability and then you also want to um make sure that you're you're getting that that fermentable fiber as well right because you want to give yourself the butay production so those are those are I think some of the ma major drivers of you know preventing intestinal permeability lots of people are going to be hearing about this and have been eating processed foods forever everyone has an idea in the back of their mind that when you're faced with the apple and a Twinkie that the Apple's going to be better for you but you know some people have been moving through different levels of wealth some people have been moving through different levels of convenience some people are sort of really understanding their health Journey other people are on the road so much that they have sort of these limitations no one's going to be militant about it all of the time inevitably you're going to go to a sports match and like what are you going to do this like you're not you haven't pre-cooked your rice and beef and taken it in with you so what are the best ways to mitigate the impact of ultr processed foods given sort of a typical way that people are going to exist in the world how much can it be offset I mean I think I think to answer your question is like you're it kind of goes back to the imperfect avoidance right like you're going to do what you can and most of the time when you're at home in an environment where you can eat Whole Foods do some meal prep on weekends you know do what you can to kind of make it more convenient for you to have Whole Foods you're going to you're going to do that and then when you're traveling or you're going out to have fun at a stadium or whatever you're going to live your life and have fun and like have have the Ultra pess Foods right because if you're if you're 80% of the time doing it the right way you're really doing you're doing good um I think exercise to to really answer your question is it's the it's the forgiver of all s most of our sins basically so you know if you are if you are exercising and it is a part of your personal hygiene you do it you're doing it almost every day to some degree you are you are mitigating you know so the added sugar component right you're getting glucose and bring it in into your muscle you're improving cognition in so many different ways exercise plays a role in in improving cognition not only in the short term but in the long term and your um you know exercise also increases butter rate product um beate producing bacteria independent of of diet so exercise is actually a stress on the body on the brain on the gut and it actually very very trans causes intestinal permeability but as an adaptation like exercise does adaptations it does cardiovascular adaptations your brain adapts everything's you know adapting um your your gut actually increases the production of butter rate producing bacteria so that the next time you exercise guess what you have more butter rate around to like really help help the um your gut be more robust so I think that there's like you could just come up with like every explanation why exercise is going to be beneficial for X Y or Z unhealthy thing that you do and it's going to be like okay at the end of the day I am I am getting that exercise I'm doing I'm really doing a good job is there a particular type of exercise who I'm going to guess that you're going to tell me it's high intensity again well I mean I think it depends on on what you're what you're looking for right I mean so if you're looking to build muscle mass and strength and increase testosterone more we're going to talk about compound lifts right like doing multi-joint compound types of exercises like squats and deadlifts and you know rows and overhead presses shoulder presses on and on like that's going to help you robustly increase your muscle mass increase your muscle strength function and testosterone like those are things that are known to affect all those things so um you know if we're talking about improving cognition in the short term like you want a quick pump like let's say you want to remember something then we're talking a high-intensity interval training session short like not you don't want to like because you can you can do a you know an hourong hit workout and you're just drained after it right um but there's studies showing that even like a 10-minute hit workout will boost cognition in memory recall actually there was an interesting study where um doing 30 minutes of it wasn't necessarily high high intensity but you know you're like 70% Your your max heart rate so you're you're you're moderate getting to the high level doing that so learning something and then doing the 30 minute cycling workout and then having a test after like on your memory recall it boosts memory recall so if you really like it's a little hack I use it all the time I used it today like I go through some of my material do do my workout in my case I only had 10 minutes so I did a 10-minute high-intensity workout my favorite is the back toback tatas I do 16 you know intervals but um you know that's something I use to to boost cognition in the short term but there's just just so much data out there on aerobic exercise high-intensity exercise improving cognition increasing the number of brain cells in the brain there was one study I think I mentioned it last time on the podcast this was an older adults they did aerobic exercise for a year they increase their their hippocampus by like 2% usually they're atrophying okay they increase the size of it by 2% amazing so I I do think like yes if you're someone who likes to like you know gain muscle yeah exactly you want to you want to gain muscle great there resistance training is good for the brain too and there are studies on that as well but if you want to really have brain benefits and really um you want to have your cardiorespiratory fit Fitness improved you have to add in some aerobic exercise in there the most time efficient way to do it would be hit because let's say you're like I'm not going to go run 10 miles a week like I'm going to be lifting weights I only have so much time in the day right that's where the the high-intensity interval training comes in because it's very time efficient right not only that when you are when you're getting into that high-intensity vigorous exercise type of workout that's when you're making a metabolite called lactate we've talked about this when your body's working so hard that it has to use glucose um without using it through a the mitochondria basically it's like you're not you don't need oxygen you can't get oxygen to your mitochondria quick enough to use glucose and so you're making it you're making energy without the mitochondria and that makes lactate as a byproduct turns out it's not a byproduct it's an active metabolite that's like amazing and it's getting into the brain it's um it's been shown to increase brain Drive neur NE Tropic Factor right that's a very important neurotropic factor that can improve short-term memory long-term memory it's it staves off brain aging it makes you feel better it's involved with like neuroplasticity you know being able to adapt to changing I mean it just it goes on and on like you can't like you you want this stuff right and so lactase out there it's a signaling molecule telling your brain to make it it's an adaptation because your brain is working hard while you're working out and so your your body's more all of the Bros that just want to do sets of eight to 14 are going I need to sign up to Barry's boot camp I'm gonna I'm going to be sweaty I'm GNA have to do all of this work but you convinced me last year and I've been doing the Norwegian 4x4 as much as I can remember and as much as I can tolerate since then and that's a really good workout for cardiorespiratory Fitness right improving your V2 Max which is really important for longevity like that's a big longevity marker I mean if you just think about like sitting here talking having this conversation it requires an amount of oxygen to like breathe in and be able to utilize right as we get older like even that becomes hard so you really want to have a high level you want to like build it up as much as you can because you're going to be pulling on it and going down as you age right things like walking to your car have you ever seen like an older person out of breath just by like walking to their car right so you V2 Max Norwegian 4x4 so this is 4 minutes of like the maximal intensity that you can sustain for that four minutes this is sustainable intensity and then you have a uh 3 minute recovery total Light extra exercise and then you go back at it again and you do that four times assault bike after a year of testing I've come to believe that the assault bike is the best place to do it it's it's actually it assaults you like it's so hard I it's it's well the reason the reason I say assault bike is that with this what you need is to be able to go very slowly very easily so you don't want something you need to strap into or strap out of so a rowing machine is kind of a little bit ungainly when you've then got to go slow uh the same I guess a ski you can pick up and put down quite easily but uh running on a True Form it's speeding up slowing down in that way is just so difficult and doing it on a static bike a Carol bike or something else fantastic but you do have to work a little bit harder because it's just the lower half of your body right so my choice my preference is bike Carol bike great assault bike kind of easier to be harder if that makes sense it does um but yeah I've I've tried I agree I I I like I think the bike well actually think the bike is harder than when I do the rower I on my 3 minutes off I actually just end up like not really doing anything cuz I switch off with my husband and he'll be on so it's like I actually get four minutes offtime but yeah but it also it does improve cognition in the brain that's another you know there's some some research on on that as well where like at least if you're you're being time efficient and it doesn't have to be the Norwegian 4x4 like like some you could do a minute on a minute off do that 10 times or you could do tatas right 20 seconds on 10 seconds off all of these protocols H have been shown to improve V2 Max they've been shown to improve cognition um also like mitochondrial function so yeah Norwegian 4x4 you're going to get a little bit more of a boost because it is a longer interval but you have to do something that you're going to consistently do right I I thought I found the 4x4 to be quite uh easy to stick to I it's definitely miserable because four minutes is a very long time at a high intensity but there's a bit of me when I'm doing 20 on 10 off to batter unless it's a really demanding movement that just think I can't I'm not I can't work hard enough I can't Sprint fast enough in this 2 second period And I can't recover enough in the 10 seconds to that Cadence for me maybe it's just a psychological thing that Cadence doesn't quite seem to work in the same way I get it you know so I when I when I'm really time strapped I do I do my tiata which is a 10-minute one and I agree it's I typically crank up the resistance and stand while I'm doing it because I really have to get my heart right up I don't find that 10 seconds is enough recovery so my performance goes down on subsequent intervals for sure but I do find when I do a 20-minute hit workout so I have 20 seconds on 20 seconds off and then I have a little bit of time in between my you know sets stations right so I find that my performance goes up because I have a little bit more recovery time and and that I really do like that 20 minute I mean 20 second on 20 second off 20 minute workout is kind of like a a go-to if it's like it is because you know like you said it's like the 10 recovery is really it's just not enough and I do notice that my next you know five intervals are not as as as hard yeah sucking on water trying to get it to go through uh what are you working on next what else have you got in terms of a research area what are you going to be focused on for the rest of the year um I'm looking into creatine and its effects on the brain and I mean obviously muscle but like non I would say popular effects it's a very interesting there's a lot of interesting data out there on Creatine and also how it affects the methylation pathway so a lot of people are sort of obsessed with this it's methylation is used in your body for a lot of different biological systems and a lot of people think of methyl folate well I need my methyl folate because I have an MTHFR where I'm not making methyl groups as much and this and that well actually our body makes creatine and you know that's something that we we do make but it requires a ton of methylation to do so so if you give yourself exogenous creatine it frees up the methylation because your body has the creatine now and it doesn't have to keep making as much and so I'm very interested in the effects of cre no one's talked about that very cool I think Tim Ferris is currently he has been practicing trialing uh 10 to 15 plus grams a day to see what that does from a cognitive Health perspective it's an interesting yeah there's some some interesting data on there like 10 grams a day I take five but there's also studies on there studies that have come out on five grams a day for like cardiovascular health improvements so again um I'm actually getting having a researcher on on my podcast and um let's see about a couple weeks who who does creatine research and knows all about that the other thing I'm doing I'm very interested in is exercise and cancer both prevention and treatment so there's now a lot of clinical research on using exercise as an adjunct treatment to cancer how effective it is in improving cancer survival improving you know the the basically lowering the cancer recurrence risk right so like it coming back and also improving like a whole host of like side effects of chemo like your mood nausea like guess what when you exercise along with the chemo people think it I don't have energy to do it but it turns out they actually feel better big surprise to those of us that exercise it's not that much of a surprise I mean exercise is you know there's studies out there now that have compared exercise to like classical ssris right and they're as good if not better at treating depression did you see what the top rated category of exercise movement was in that one of those studies was dancing with with music oh no I didn't see that yeah so I I think it was it came out at the same time but it wasn't the same one uh but yes when you compared it and they then ranked all of the different modes of exercise I think one of the things especially to do with uh dancing that you have is this sort of inherently pro-social intimate collaborative partner-based thing that's going on which is probably doing all sorts of stuff that's oxytocin that's serotonin as well suppressing like there'll be a ton of things going on right that must have been an observational study there's actually been randomized control trials comparing a lot of a lot of them are running they do running for the exercise or biking um but like in that sense it's like you're really comparing the two right and and in in that sense but um yeah there's so many things going on right you're getting the endorphins you're getting you're getting the canono or another one that you're making with exercise that affect your mood um you're getting serotonin oxytocin as well all the good things Ronda you're great I really appreciate you I love I love getting to speak to you so creatine exercise and cancer we need to talk about toxic mold and mot toxins we can do that next time that you come on but where should people go keep up to date with all of the things have you got any more PDFs going out yeah I've got so I've got a podcast right I'm I'm I'm on all the places Spotify and YouTube and apple podcast but I also have a website as well foundy fitness.com my podcast is called found myfitness and I've got some free reports out there I've got a new one on it's called how to train according to the experts and uh you can find that at how to trinu guide.com and it's essentially like all the experts I've had on my podcast that are you know in exercise phys iology so it's how to train to improve V2 Max it includ includes protocols how to train to improve U muscle mass muscle strength how to um improve body composition so that's all all the protocols that you need and sort of a lot of like science explanations as well how to train guide.com I've got bdnf protocols so that can be found I downloaded that one straight after our episode last year what where's where can people get the bdnf one bdnf protols.com and that's a lot of protocols for improving brain health and um you know cognition basically if you want some exercise protocols or polyphenol protocols that are out there that are shown to increase cognition improve cognition that's another one as well oh and I have another one that you might be interested in it's the omega-3 how to choose an omega-3 supplement and it's basically got a list of like eight or 10 different supplements that are like quality low oxidation and like how to choose a supplement and that's at omega-3 guide.com so that's another one yeah people can go and PDF themselves up Ronda I really appreciate you thank you appreciate it too Chris thanks so much thank you very much for tuning in your brain may have exploded with all of the facts and studies that ronda's just dropped but let me explode your brain even more with 3 hours Andrew huberman right here come on watch it