The Rio Summit 1992

Hello I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education I am Dr. Rashmi Singh Assistant Professor Department of Education SS Khanna Girls Duty College University of Allahabad and now as we are discussing various topics under your paper Environmental Education of MA 3rd Semester Education and we are dealing with Unit Four and today it is the turn of the Rio Summit 1992 ok so let's start what is the background and context of Rio Summit. The UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), popularly known as the Rio Summit and Earth Summit, was held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. It is called Rio Summit because it took place in Rio de Janeiro. It was the Earth Summit or it was the UN, meaning UN Conference on Environment and Development, which is popularly known as the Rio Summit or Earth Summit. Convened 20 years after the 1972 Stockham Conference on the Human Environment marking a major evolution in global environmental governance. That is, when you had your 1972 Stockham Conference. This conference on Human Environment took place 20 years after that and is considered a major evolution in global environmental governance. Attended by representatives of 172 governments, 16 heads of state governments and over 200,400 NGO representatives, it was the largest gathering of its kind at the time. As of 1992, it was the largest gathering of its kind because representatives of 172 governments participated in it, meaning so many people participated. Built on the 1987 British land report Our Common Future which popularised the concept of sustainable development. This was the Brundtland Report, Our Common Future. Brother, our future is no different from your future. We all have the same future. The common thing in it is that sustainability should be maintained. And from here the term or concept of sustainable development becomes popular. Ok? So what were the outcomes? Rio Declaration and Agenda 21. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 27 Guiding Principles for Sustainable Development. This is where your 27 Guiding Principles for Sustainable Development come from. Introduce the Precautionary Principle, Polluter Based Principle and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities. and Agenda 21, a comprehensive, non- binding, 40-chapter action plan for sustainable development at the global, national, and local levels. All this is its outcome. What came out? And what else did it address ? It addressed poverty, consumption patterns, biodiversity and institutional arrangements for implementation. Ok? Then what was left? Its Key Outcomes to Forest Principles. UNF, Triple C and CBD. What were the Forest Principles? A Non- Binding Statement on Sustainable Forest Management. Since no binding forest treaty could be agreed. Ok. Good. Then came the UN Framework Convention. UNF Triple C on Climate Change came into existence, opened for signature at Rio, later giving rise to the Kyoto Protocol. After this, your Kyoto Protocol came in 1997 and your Paris Agreement came in 2015. You will have to remember everything along with the year and what were their recommendations, what were the outcomes, what was their significance. Everything, Convention on Biological Diversity CBD opened for signature at Rio. India ratified it in 1994. After this, your Convention on Biological Diversity opened the way for signature i.e. signature at Rio and India adopted it in 1994. The CBD letter goes back to India's own Biological Diversity Act 2002, which we have already read. Ok? What principles emerged from the Rio Declaration? Principle 15 states that the precautionary principle means that lack of full scientific resiliency shall not postpone cost- effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. This means that you will have to take precautions. What is Principal 16 saying? The Poulter Pays Principle. The polluter should bear the cost of pollution. That the person who is spreading pollution will have to bear the cost of pollution. What is Principal Seven saying? Common but differentiated responsibilities based on states' differing contributions to environmental degradation. Brother, we are common but differentiated, meaning the responsibility of a person depends on how much he is doing. The basis on which this is based is the different contributions of the state, your responsibility will be determined according to your contribution to environmental degradation. And what is Principal One? Places Human Beings at the Centre of Sustainable Development Entitled to a Healthy Productive Life in Harmony with Nature. That is, man is at the centre of sustainable development and he is entitled to live a healthy and productive life in which he remains in harmony with nature. In terms of institutional legacy, it established the Commission on Sustainable Development in 1992 to monitor the implementation of Agenda 21. The CSD was later replaced by the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development in 2013. Catalyzed National Sustainable Development Councils and Strategies Worldwide including in India. After this, sustainable development got a boost in the countries at the national level and set the President for follow up summits, Rio Plus 10 which happened in Johannesburg in 2002 and Rio Plus 20 in Rio de Janeiro, then what happened in 2012, that is, I was its President, before that this came, after that all this came, what was India's engagement and follow up in Rio Plus 10 and Rio Plus 20, India was an active participant at Rio reflecting its long standing advocacy for the right to development along with environmental protection, India was an active participant and it means India has always advocated that along with the right to development, we should also pay equal attention to the protection of the environment. We also signed UNF Triple C in 1993 and CBD in 1994 which were direct outcomes of Rio. Then domestic legislative responses were made in our country like the Biological Diversity Act of 2002 and the National Action Plan on Climate Change in 2008. India continues to invoke CBDR in international climate negotiations, negotiations as a principle rooted directly in the Rio Declaration. All this shows how India showed its engagement. Then Rio Plus 20 which is coming in 2012, the follow- up summit, that is, its follow-up, to see what happened and what did not happen, to what extent we were able to adopt it. Held again in Rio de Janeiro, again in 2012, Making the Summit's 20th anniversary is happening in Rio de Janeiro. On its 20th anniversary, its outcome document was The Future We Want Reef Sustainable Development Commitments introduce the concept of the green economy. We should know all this, from where did we start talking about the green economy? Pay because the term Green Economy has come from here as a pathway to sustainable development and poverty reduction and directly pay the way for 2015 adoption option of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda, that is, your concept of Green Economy is coming from the 2012 summit of Rio. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals that you are adopting in 2015 and the 2030 Agenda all come from this summit. So what was its significance and legacy that it established Sustainable Development as a Guiding Framework for Global Environmental and Development Policy, meaning that from here the idea of ​​sustainable development gets emphasis and works as a guiding framework for global environmental and development policies. The Rio Declaration Principles remain foundational to environmental law worldwide, including India, Indian Supreme Court judgments and the UNF Triple C and CBD Conventions launched at Rio continue to shape global climate and biodiversity governance decades later. Meaning that whatever was passed and recommended in this, it shaped the governance of global climate and biodiversity for decades to come and widely regarded is the turning point that moved environmental protection from a peripheral concern to a central pillar of international policy. Regarding environmental concerns, which were peripheral concerns in international policy, we were only talking about them on the periphery, they were not being discussed properly, no work was being done. are. The Rio Summit of 1992 in Rio de Janeiro is considered to be the turning point in making it the central pillar of your international policies. But it also has criticisms and limitations. For example, Agenda 21 and the Forest Principles remain non-binding, limiting their real- world enforceability. That means it actually could not be so enforceable in the real world. Developed countries were criticized for insufficient follow through on financial and technology transfer commitments. The developed countries were criticized for not following up on their commitments to provide financial and technological help. Tensions between environmental protection and economic growth or trade priorities persist in later negotiations. And this is always a matter of tension , it remains so. It is difficult anyway to balance how you can achieve economic growth while protecting the environment. These three decades of ongoing biodiversity loss and rising emissions suggest the summit's goals remain far from fully realized. This means that even after 30 decades, biodiversity loss continues. Biodiversity is being lost. And the harmful emissions that are coming out show that most of the goals of the summit were not fulfilled. So the key takeaways from this is that the 1992 Real Summit produced the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21, the Forest Principles, and opened the UN Triple C and CBD for signature. It had 27 principals. In particular, precautionary pollutant pay and CBDR remain cornerstones of international and Indian environmental law. Additionally, India's ratification of the UNF Triple C and CBD and later laws like the Biological Diversity Act 2002 traces directly back to Rio. This means that your UNF Triple C, CBD and India's Biological Diversity Act all come from Rio itself. And the 2020 Rio Summit was built on this very idea. This is where the concept of green economy came from and this is where the path became clear that the foundation of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of 2015, the SDGs, comes from here. However, there is an implementation gap. Ok? So now let's look at the question. Rio Summit UNCED Was Held in Which Year? So this happened in 1992. Then why was the Rio Summit held exactly 20 years after the previous conference? This will be some Stockham conference, right? Then we have a non-binding action plan spelling out 40 chapters on the outcome of the Rio Summit. This is your Agenda 21. Okay, then we have two major international conventions that were open for signature at the Rio Summit. This is your UNF, Triple C, and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Then there is the Rio Declaration Principle which states that lack of full scientific certainty shall not postpone cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. This is your precautionary principle. Then the Rio Plus 20 cm, which outcome document is the future we want. This is the future we want. Not held in production. Which outcome document I think is the future we want. I will check it now. And this is the way forward for the adoption of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. And what is the recognized criticism that Agenda 21 is limiting enforceability. Okay, yes, this was the future we want. So, the Rio Summit is also over. So, the fourth unit is very It is lengthy, there are so many treaties, protocols, commitments and summits, yet we have reached the Rio Summit. Gradually the fourth unit will also be finished. So for you I am covering Environmental Education paper in totality and I have started from Unit Four this time. Ok? So be an environmentalist. Happy learning to all of us and thank you for watching.