The Cancer Doctor: "This Common Food Is Making Cancer Worse!"

Cancer is very preventable. When the medical establishment acknowledge what I know about this disorder, what's causing it, and what we're not doing to prevent it or treat it, it will be recognized as the greatest tragedy in the history of medicine. Thomas Seyfried is a professor of biology, genetics, and biochemistry who has dedicated the past 30 years gathering scientific evidence on what could be the true origin and prevention of cancer. Cancer is getting worse and there's no major advance in reducing death rates. And I can speak to the reasons for that. All major cancer research centers think cancer is a genetic disease. You believe otherwise. It's not whether you believe, it's what the data tell us. And the evidence is massive to support that cancer is a metabolic disorder. And the problem is we're doing everything we possibly can in our lifestyle to induce it. The scientific evidence is there. Like for example, we know that cancer was extremely rare in African tribes that were living according to the traditional ways. But when modern lifestyle entered into their societies, cancer out of control. We have been doing a study on dogs. We know that wolves in the wild don't die from cancer. But cancer is the number one killer of domestic dogs. Why? It's because of our lifestyle issues. And a lot of us are doing things without the knowledge that it would put us at risk. But with metabolic therapy, you can use it as both a prevention and a treatment. And we're seeing more and more of terminal cancer patients outliving their predictability because of this. And let me tell you one thing and remember it. If you do metabolic therapy, you can actually reduce risk for cancer. You can take away the fear. And when you say metabolic therapy, tell me what those things are. Number one, Before this episode starts, I have a small favor to ask from you. 2 months ago, 74% of people that watched this channel didn't subscribe. We're now down to 69%. My goal is 50%. So, if you've ever liked any of the videos we've posted, if you like this channel, can you do me a quick favor and hit the subscribe button? It helps this channel more than you know, and the bigger the channel gets, as you've seen, the bigger the guests get. Thank you and enjoy this episode. Professor Seyfried, if someone walks up to you on the street and they're, you know, they know nothing about science, they know nothing about medicine, etc., and they asked you, "What do you do and why do you do it?" How would you respond? I'm a professor of biology at Boston College. So, in that role, I spend a lot of my time working with undergraduates and graduate students in training them to be scientific literate in in various aspects of biology. The research program that we have at the university is also focused on understanding how to manage cancer better, how it originates, and how to prevent it. How much of a problem is cancer globally? What are the sort of headline statistics on the macro view of cancer for someone that really doesn't know? Yeah, well, it's getting worse. I can't say there it's in the millions. I I I know precisely what's going on in this country because the American Cancer Society every year distributes the data on on cancer. Um, we have almost 2 million new cases diagnosed per year in the United States. And we have 1,700 people a day dying from cancer in in the United States, which comes to about 70 people per hour in the United States. Now, when I went to China, I looked at some numbers there and it was 8,000 people a day are dying from cancer. Obviously, the population is so much larger. And I don't know what it is in the UK. I mean, we'd have to go through their cancer registries. But but what we do know is that it's supposed to be a lot worse by 2050 than it is today. So, there seems to be no reduction in death suffering for this disease. And I I can speak to the the reasons for that. But right now, I would say it's a global epidemic of cancer. It's not it's not getting better, it's getting worse. More people are dying from it. There's no major advance in in reducing death rates. So, it's a great tragedy. So, um, and when we when we understand what's causing it and what we're not doing to prevent it or treat it, it'll it'll be recognized as the singular greatest tragedy in the history of of medicine worldwide when it when when they come to know what I know about this disorder and then they realize what we've been doing in in in a in a misdirected way, it will be recognized as the greatest tragedy in the history of medicine. What types of cancer are people dying from? What is the most popular types of cancer for men and women? Well, it's always been lung cancer pretty much for men and women. Lung cancer is always been the number one. But but we have pancreatic, breast cancer, colon cancer. These are all on the rise. Colon cancer is on the rise. Pancreatic cancer is on the rise in this country. I I I I can't speak for other countries. They may there vary slightly due to diet lifestyle issues. But lung cancer has always been recognized as as the number one cancer. How many people in the United States then, based on the statistics, would develop cancer? Well, it seems to increase every year. So, it's kind of a moving target. It doesn't seem to go down. You know, what it is today, I don't know. But what I do know is the numbers of people that are dying each day because the American Cancer Society comes out with, I think it's 612,000 people will die this year, 2024, from cancer in this year. So, divide by 365 and it comes out to just about 1,700 people a day. Divide that number by 24 and you get about 70 people an hour based on the numbers provided to us from the American Cancer Society. When they say we've made major advances in in cancer incidences, right? So, in the 1990s, they instituted the anti-smoking campaigns. All right. So, today, if you read, they say we have reduced cancer deaths by 30 30 1 or 32%. Wow, that sounds really impressive. So, what they do is they take the number. This is what the National The American Cancer Society has done and has published in their papers. Okay, if we didn't stop smoking in the '90s and everybody continued to smoke, the trajectory would be very very high. Because we stopped smoking or this it's we have 33% lower death than if we didn't stop smoking. But the trajectory is continuing to increase. Maybe not as steep as it would have been had we continued to smoke. So, it it was clearly a prevention. It had nothing to do with a a treatment. It had to do with prevention. That was giving the the the no oh, we've made major advances in in reducing cancer death rate. Yeah, because people stopped smoking. For the for many many people, more people would have died had they not smoked. So, we have um people that are not not real people. We're just looking at what would have happened if if we didn't stop smoking. What are the leading causes of death worldwide in terms of diseases? Is Is I I hear that heart disease is number one. I think that's heart disease is number one. Cancer is number two. Okay. And there are many different types of cancer, right? I heard there's hundreds of different forms of cancer. If you look under the electron microscope or a correction, even the light micro This is how most cancers are diagnosed by by light microscopy. You look under the microscope and you see a bunch of cells that are dysmorphic in the way they look and then they all have genetic defects and all this kind of stuff. But they all have one thing in common. They depend on a on a fermentation energy without oxygen. So, all cancers are a singular type of disease. It's just that they happen in different tissues. But when you look at the underlying problem, they're all very very similar. They can't live without a fermentation, which means energy without oxygen. So, that's the common pathophysiological problem in all cancers, whether it's a colon, brain, breast, bladder, skin, lung. We we've looked at all these cancers and they're all they're all essentially using the same mechanism to to grow out of control. So, what is that fermentation you mentioned? Fermentation is energy without oxygen. What does that mean? We breathe air and we exhale CO2 and water vapors. And those are the waste products of the food that we eat. We break Everything is broken down and combusted in our mitochondria of the cell. And the waste products are CO2 and water vapors. Those are the waste products. But if you and I were to stop breathing for any particular time period, our bodies would fill up with lactic acid and succinic acid. Like if we were to have a heart attack or so when somebody has a heart attack, they don't die instantly. If if they if they're there without for 5 or 7 minutes without oxygen, they they may die because the brain dies. But if you can get the heart to beat again and get oxygen back in the system, you can come alive again. But when we have that massive interruption of oxygen into our body, the cells fall back on an ancient they up they immediately turn on these ancient pathways to get energy without oxygen for a short period of time. And that's the sugar glucose, which is already in our bloodstream from the food we eat, and the amino acid glutamine, which is a amino acid in our bloodstreams. Highest level of amino acid is the glutamine. These two fuels are now burned for energy obtain energy without oxygen. There's no There's a These pathways upregulate and you can get ATP, which is energy, to keep you alive for a short period of time. But your bloodstream is filling up with the waste products called lactic acid and succinic acid. Lactic acid is coming from glucose, the sugar, and succinic acid is coming from the amino acid glutamine. And they build up and that tells you you're fermenting. You're getting energy without oxygen cuz you're not breathing. Very simple. You're not breathing, but I'm not dead yet. Now, of course, if you don't get it for very long, you die. It's just that. Now, the other way you can stop oxygenation in our bodies quickly is with the poison cyanide. So, if we God forbid we were to take cyanide, we'd be both dead within within a minute. We just just because our bodies are completely shut down of energy from oxygen. Now, here's the cancer cell. The cancer cell lives in in can live in in cyanide. The cyanide does not kill a tumor, okay? War- Otto Warburg showed this a long time ago, and we've also shown the same thing in our lab. Others have shown this. The interesting thing is when you look at cancer cells, even in the presence of oxygen, even in oxygen, they're throwing out lactic acid and succinic acid. What does that mean? That means the inner the organ organelle inside the cell that generates energy is not efficient. It's inefficient, and the cells are using ancient fermentation. And when I say ancient fermentation, you have to realize the Earth is 4 and 1/2 billion years old. Um the organisms that existed on our planet 2 and 1/2 billion years ago were all fermenters. There was no oxygen in the atmosphere till the photosynthetic bacteria started making oxygen. They were living cells. They had no oxygen, and they were growing like crazy, unregulated growth. Just unregu- What What's going on here? And they would die as soon as the fermentable fuels were dissipated. As they gobbled up everything, they would just die. So, they lived as long as they could reproduce and have fermentation fuels. The cancer cell in our body is doing nothing than falling back on these ancient fermentation pathways that become accelerated up-regulated in the tumor cell because the efficiency of the energy coming from the mitochondria is now depleted. It's defective in many different ways. So, this is very clear. And this happens in lung cancer, colon cancer. We've looked at all the major cancers, and we found out these common defects are seen in all cancers. So, they're all very similar in their metabolism. They're very different in what they look like under the microscope. Lung doesn't look like colon, doesn't look like brain. They're very different genetically. They're all different from each other, but they're all common in a in a dependency on this ancient pathway of energy metabolism. Can you take me back? You mentioned a a guy called War- Warburg there. Yeah. Can you take me back on the journey that the scientific community, or at least you, have been on to arrive at the conclusion that the central sort of causal factor, at least an indication of a causal factor of cancer, lies in this shift in energy systems? Where did this understanding start in in research? Well, it started with Otto Warburg, for sure, in the 1920s. The other linkage, before I tell you what Otto Warburg did, because I was like everybody else. I thought cancer was a genetic disease, and and I heard about Warburg, didn't really know what what he was talking about or but invested any time thinking about what he said. But Linda Nebling was an a PhD nursing student at Case Western Reserve University in in Ohio, and she took these two little hopeless kids brain cancer. We call hopeless cases when they have no um predictability of long-term survival. And she gave them a ketogenic diet to lower blood sugar, and she was able to rescue these kids. One One One eventually died. The other one was lost to follow-up. And she said it her strategy was based on what Otto Warburg had said about glucose and cancer. So, then I said, "Warburg?" I said, "Who the hell What Let me go back and check out who this guy was and what he did." Because I was seeing similar things in the in the mouse with that drug. It was lowering glucose, and and we were shrinking these tumor cells. And we published a paper, the first one of the first ever papers linking that how high your blood sugar is determines how fast your tumor will grow in the mice. And now how this has been replicated in all human cancers. The higher your blood sugar, the faster the tumor grows. The lower the blood sugar, the slower the tumor grows. Undeniable for all different human mouse cancers. Wow. So, Warburg had said this a long time ago, back in the 1920s. He He was taking slices of all kinds of human and rat and mouse tumors and slicing them up, and he noticed something really strange about these um cancers. They take in less oxygen compared to the normal tissue from which they came. Wow, so they're kind of like oxygen deprived, and they were throwing out this lactic acid waste product that he was that he was saying. And they were taking in so much more glucose than the normal. So, the normal cells take in just a little bit of glucose, and they can make tremendous energy from a tiny amount. This guy was taking in huge amounts of glucose, but not fully metabolizing it to CO2 and water, but dumping it out as lactic acid, which is a a breakdown product of glucose that is not fully metabolized in the cell. Wow, he said, "This is unbelievable." And then he did all kinds of tissue I looked at his data. It was unbelievable. He was cutting humans, mice, rats, and seeing the same thing over and over again. And he was saying the origin of cancer has to do with something in the ability of the mitochondrion, the organelle, to generate efficient energy from oxygen. So, the So, the mitochondria is the part of the cell that creates energy. It's the part of the cell that creates energy through oxidative phosphorylation, which is burning energy using oxygen, okay? Okay, so it's like an engine. It's an engine, a very highly efficient engine. Now, this is an organelle You have to realize we have the cell, Yeah. and we have a nucleus that everybody knows about, this nucleus. And then we have all these little organelles in there. We have lysosomes, and we have the mitochondrion, which is like a spaghetti network inside the cell. They fuse It's actually a second living It's a second living organism inside our cells. And to simplify what they do, the mitochondria, they convert oxygen and glucose into energy. Yes, and they combust energy. They They take The foods that we eat have carbon-hydrogen bonds, okay? And we break those down inside our mitochondria. And we And we And we When we break those bonds down, we create a hydrogen gradient, and we dissipate that gradient through an impeller mechanism that generates energy like crazy. It's unbelievable. Very efficient, highly efficient. But the cancer cell has corruption in that system. But it doesn't happen overnight. As Warburg said, "If you break that system too acutely and too fast, the cell will die. It doesn't have the So, you have to have two things to get from oxidative phosphorylation to energy with with with minimal oxygen fermentation. Sorry, just to keep it simple. From a normal cell to a cancer cell. From a normal cell to a cancer cell doesn't happen overnight. Okay. It's a chronic damage to the ability of of that organelle inside the cell to generate efficient energy, okay? So, all we have to know with cancer is that they're How are they growing so rapidly? Why are they going out of control? How come it's so hard to kill them? Because as long as you have those fermentable fuels that drive this ancient fermentation pathway, um they will continue to grow. They're very hard to kill. And the fermenting fuels are glucose and And glutamine. Glutamine. Yeah. Okay. So, here let's let me tell you in a nutshell. I ready Brace yourself. Are you ready? I'm ready, I think so. Are you braced? Are you braced? Sufficiently braced. Sufficiently He's sufficiently braced. Okay. So, a solution to the cancer problem, to manage cancer without toxicity, is to simultaneously restrict the two fuels that are needed to drive this disregulated growth, while transitioning the whole body off to a fuel that the tumor cells can't use, which is fatty acids and ketone bodies. So, when we take the cancer patients or the mice, we put them into a calorie restriction, lowering the blood sugar that I said is one half of the two fuels. You can lower that down really, really low. And then we use specific drugs to target the glutamine. And together, we can selectively restrict the two fuels while we transition the whole body over to to ketones. We, as a species, evolved to be in nutritional ketosis for the the majority of our existence as a as a species, like 1 and 1/2 million years. For for centuries and centuries, thousands and thousands of years, our species, you and me, our ancestors, were always in a state of nutritional ketosis because there was very few carbohydrates in the environment for them to be consuming, right? So, the cancer cell, the body, you and I could If we stopped eating and we took a low-carbohydrate diet, just did water-only fasting, we would get into nutritional ketosis, where the normal cells, our brain, our kidneys, our heart can be burning these ketone bodies because they have a good mitochondria, and they can burn these fuels effectively. The tumor cells have a bad mitochondria. They can't burn those fuels. They're dependent on glucose and glutamine. We can replace glucose and glutamine with ketone bodies in the normal cells of our So, we selectively marginalized these tumor cells slowly over time. Uh we they slowly start to die. The blood vessels disappear, and the body comes in and dissolves them. So, for someone that has never heard the term keto before, ketosis or ketones. In a simple way, what are keto ketones? Ketones are water-soluble breakdown products of fatty acids, okay? They're beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate. These are small molecules that are water-soluble. The liver throws them out like crazy. Kidney a little bit, but mostly liver. So, as I told you earlier, when we don't eat, um you you could get anxious, mainly because our brains are addicted to glucose. It's like cocaine and nicotine and whatever. You start getting all antsy. I haven't eaten anything, you know. Uh what's going on? Um so, you then once the body realizes you ain't going to eat anything, we have to start mobilizing out of our fat resources. And the fats uh go into the bloodstream as triglycerides, which are three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone. They go to the liver. The liver chops them up and puts out these little water-soluble um ketone bodies. That that the name ketone body is kind of a weird thing from biochemistry, but but they're called ketone bodies. Um and they can supply the brain with energy, the heart with energy. And not only that, they're a super fuel. It's unbelievable. The mitochondria burns these ketones. Okay, but they're energy Remember I was talking about how energy efficient the mitochondria become? When they burn ketones, they become even more energy efficient. It's unbelievable how you you They don't need as much oxygen to generate more energy. That's why they my colleagues called and some of the greats in the bio in the biochemistry field called them super super fuel because you can get more energy bang for buck burning a ketone body than you can burning a pyruvate coming from glucose or even a fatty acid. Uh and the biochemistry for that is is interesting. But but the bottom line is when you transition away from these fuels to keep We don't forget we evolved. Our Our ancestors were always in a state of ketosis. You get into that state by consuming very few carbohydrates and having a lot of energy. And this is the way our ancestors were. So, what can we learn from our ancestors about cancer? How prevalent was cancer um if when we look back at our ancestors if they were often in a state of ketosis? Yeah, well, um it's hard to determine from skeletal records, uh but I think we can look at um modern popular modern man who live according to their traditional ways. Um you know, uh Albert Schweitzer, the great humanitarian physician, went to Africa and looked at Africans that were living according to the traditional ways. He said the one of the weirdest things they don't have cancer. It was like, "What? What?" Uh the cancer was extremely rare in Africans in in the woods living in in the in the areas uh British when they came, you know, in in in looking at the health conditions of folks that lived in the Arctic Circle, cancer was not there. They had other things, but they didn't have cancer. Um aboriginal folks. So, it seems as though uh our living We We can't go back uh 50,000 years ago because we don't have people to examine. But we have people to examine today, and that was one of the things Schweitzer and several other uh physicians from Europe would go to Africa, and they would look at these some of these tribes that were traditional, and they were saying, "Whoa, what's going on with these Africans? How come they don't have cancer?" But when modern diet lifestyle entered into their societies, cancer out of control. What about What about our other primate cousins? Yeah. Um there's never been a documented uh case of breast cancer in a female chimpanzee. Uh and they're 98% similar to us in gene and protein sequence. Uh you know, what's going on with that? Uh monkeys uh they don't generally form cancer. They're eating They're not eating what we eat, okay? Don't forget we did not evolve to eat pork pies and Dunkin' Donuts jelly filled donuts and pizzas and We did not. Our ancestors did not eat this, right? We were killing and eating animals. I As I said, we ate everything that walked, crawled, flew, or swam on this planet became part of our diet. Uh we did not have donuts on every corner, delicatessens on every corner. Our We evolved over this period of time just like our primate ancestors. Uh the animals chimps and gorillas and things that you see in the zoos are fed their natural diets as if they were living in in their habitat, their natural habitat, whether it was in South America, Africa, or wherever it was. Uh we're not throwing in jelly donuts every day and pizza pie into the chimpanzee pen. And as a matter of fact, I even went to the zoo down down here in in Boston, Franklin Park Zoo, and also at the San Diego Zoo. I said, "How come how come you guys don't give these guys run down and get a big pizza for these for these animals?" "Oh, no, it'd be animal cruelty. Their systems aren't geared for this." Well, neither are we. We We have an obesity epidemic. We have all these different chronic diseases. Why? We didn't evolve to eat all this crap that we're eating today. So, what I've told many people in these podcasts is that our food science and technology and our society's technology has evolved so much faster than our biology. Can you explain to me in simple terms the role that exercise is playing in staving off cancer? Well, exercise lowers blood sugar, you know, you and it also lowers glutamine. So, uh the two fuels that are driving uh Now, we can't completely remove glutamine by exercise, that's for sure. Um but we my late good friend George Cahill published some papers on showing how exercise could actually lower uh glutamine availability. So, it's a it's a little bit of a push. But you're also when you exercise, you're burning and you're not eating a lot of carbs, your mitochondria burning ketones and the oxygenation from all the exercise is keeping those mitochondria super healthy at their highest level of energy efficiency. So, exercise partic- muscle as well, aren't you? Yeah, you build Well, you can build muscle, but you're certainly getting aerobic exercise to Oxygen is coming in and you're burning ketones, which I already told you is a super fuel. So, your body is super healthy. Uh These bodies from the Paleolithic period, these men were jacked. There was no obesity in these people. They had tremendous energy. They're They're not dying from uh the things that are killing us. They're dying from injuries and infections. When you described this slow and gradual shift in the cell as it moves to this sort of ancient system, it sounded very gradual. So, in my head I thought, "Okay, so does that mean that the cancer is a gradual process that is kind of building up in me or isn't building up in me based on the lifestyle decisions I'm making and my environmental factors right now?" It Look, I'm trying to say does Is Does cancer start slowly years before you you you know, you find out you have cancer? it it is a gradual process, but it can be impacted by several provocative agents from the from the microenvironment. Um lack of exercise. Okay. So, we're not exercising nearly as much as our Paleolithic ancestors, bar none, right? We have massive amounts of processed carbs in our diets. We have a lot of emotional stress. Mental emotional stress that's impacting negatively uh on our biology. Um we we have lack of sleep. Sleep uh a lot of us because we we have stresses. You You have to have When you put all of these impactful things together in one person, you can put yourself at risk for cancer, all of which will damage and reduce the efficiency of mitochondria. And also uh the joy of living, uh having friends and friendships and and this kind of thing reduces stress in a lot of different ways, makes people enjoy getting up and and having a a nice day rather than being depressed or or these kinds of things. Um you put all all this together and you put yourself in a a diet and a lifestyle that puts you at risk for damage to oxidative phosphorylation and the transition from one form of energy to a fermentation energy. What I'm trying to understand is that a It's a gradual a gradual transition. You have to be able to do that. And how long does it take for a colon a group of cells in a in a in a crypt of your colon to transition from one stage to another? You have to be constantly under stress, those cells in that organ. Now, why somebody gets colon cancer, another person gets breast cancer, another person gets bladder cancer, some person gets a brain cancer, and all these different kinds of cancers. What- Whatever happened, the process was dis- was causing a gradual disruption of oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative respiration, and a and a gradual transition to a fermentation. Like in the brain, the neurons rarely if ever get cancer, but the glial cells that support neurons, they are usually the source of the origin of cancer in the brain for those kinds of cells. And you can look at different cells, and some are more or less prone. And why this guy get lung cancer from from smoking cigarettes, this guy got bladder cancer from smoking cigarettes. How did it all start? It all started from a population of cells in one of those organs having an a chronic, not instant, a chronic interruption of oxidative energy followed by an upregulation of this fermentation energy. So, really we need to be thinking about all the things that have caused dysfunction in the mitochondria. Absolutely. I want to get a list of the key things that are associated with causing this dysfunction. Okay, carcinogens. Okay, so carcinogens. Yeah, yeah, you know, there's many asbestos, there's all kinds of chemicals in the environment. You hear about this. Oh, there's a whole list of carcinogens. We And they put them on the on the labels on different chemicals. They say carcinogenic potential and whatever, you have. What are the types of things that are caustic carcinogenic that most people don't realize? Oh, well, now we're talking about microplastics. We're talking about um Is that in part what causes breast cancer? Cuz I always think about deodorant with breast cancer and and the stuff that we're kind of Oh, yeah. Yeah, well, the the one that was was most interesting was the talcum powder one. How does talcum powder would cause ovarian cancer? Okay, it's taken up into the urogenital tract, and it forms a foci in in a part of the ovarian tissue. What's a foci? Uh a a like a collection of material, of foci as a an area where say talcum materials would be accumulating. Mhm. And that leads to a inflammatory um area of the body. And our immune system comes in to see what's going on. Our immune system is a healing machine. And they see something that's not not normal. Normally they would clean it up. But they throw a cytokines and growth factors on there leading to disregulate damage to mitochondria and disregulate ascending you get this tumor that starts. So if I get a talcum powder uh granule or whatever and it goes into my body, my body then tries to attack it to sort it out and in doing so it creates inflammation which leads to Damage to mitochondria in a particular group of cells near that foci. Okay. And this this is applicable to a I guess a lot of different nano particles and Yeah and microplastics and this now they're looking at this. But then we have chemical carcinogens. Tetrahydrochloride, there's all kinds of other things that can actually damage. Arsenics and and these kinds of chemicals um urethane uh anything that could chronically damage a mitochondrion forcing over time forcing it to upregulate the fermentation energy without oxygen. Isn't this most things? I'm trying to figure out what I how to live my life. Yeah, well that's what that that's why it was called the oncogenic paradox. But but you can you can avoid that. That's why I'm saying, if you can keep your mitochondria healthy How? Exercise and reduce um consumption of highly processed carbohydrates. Do I need to be avoiding these microplastics as well? You you know, the problem with microplastics they're very ubiquitous. We're not really sure. Uh we're just now becoming aware of it. Nobody really knew that before. Um look it up. It's But it could it could cause um small foci in different populations of cells. But you know, it's very hard to really chronically damage mitochondria. Mitochondria are tough organelle. The problem is we are chronically abuse it without realizing what we need to do to keep it healthy. So even if you are exposed to chemical carcinogens, even if you are exposed to all these things, but you're keeping your body as healthy as you possibly can you could possibly delay or even prevent the damage to the mitochondria even though you have the even though you are being exposed to this. So it's a it's actually in your hands. Um you can actually reduce risk for cancer by knowing what keeps your mitochondria healthy. Vigorous exercise, uh fasting, water only fasting. Um you know, it's very hard some but sometimes we when we were putting mice on calorie restriction, it was hard to get them to have get tumors. Their body was so healthy. This was shown years ago by by a couple of scientists in mice using mice with that developed a lot of breast cancer. If you put them on a calorie restricted diet, the incidence was way way down. So you cancer is very preventable. It's a very preventable uh disorder. It's just that we're doing everything we possibly can to to induce it in our diet lifestyle. A lot of big institutions believe that cancer is a genetic problem. Mhm. Um You believe otherwise. The evidence is striking. I mean, the believe it's not whether you believe is what the data tell us. Okay. So according to the somatic mutation theory of cancer, mutations in the nucleus lead to disregulated cell growth. That's the somatic mutation theory. In the mitochondrial metabolic theory, it's a transition from oxidative phosphorylation to to a fermentation metabolism inside inside the cell. Um the mutations are largely irrelevant. What do you mean by that? When the mitochondria become defective, they throw out ROS, reactive oxygen species that are carcinogenic and mutagenic. Well, what does that mean? Causing mutations. So a lot of the mutations that we see in the nucleus of the tumor cell that is the subject of the somatic mutation theory are downstream effects of the dysfunction of the mitochondria. So the mitochondria is causing a downstream effect which are mutations which are according to the somatic mutation theory are the cause of the disregulated cell growth. Let me tell you why that's absolutely untrue. There's some cancer cells growing out of control have no mutations and normally not discussed. How can that be? That's a a challenge to the theory. If the theory says that all cancers have mutations and you have some cancers that have no mutations and they're growing out of control that should say whoa, bell ring one. Uh then they the the somatic mutation uh people, people who think this said oh okay, we have a we have a problem here. Not all mutations are the ones that cause the disregulated only some. And we have a name for those some. That's called driver muta- Okay, now that's a nice term. Because some of those mutations are called passengers. They don't really do anything. But the drivers are the ones that lead to the disregulated cell growth. So we should be focusing our attention on these driver mutations. New evidence from the recent scientific literature, can you believe this? They're taking tissue, normal tissues from patients, different organs and things like this from not patients, from normal people, no cancer, perfectly healthy like yourself here. We would take tissue from you and say, "Oh my Christ, look at the you got driver mutations in your esophagus and your different parts of your body you got driver. But you don't have a tumor. What's going on with that? How do you explain that these driver mutations are causing disregulated cell growth when we have thousands of driver mutations that are there that are not causing disregulated cell growth." Oh, okay, that's a another problem. The biggest devastating information against the somatic mutation theory is if you take the nucleus from a tumor cell cleanly take it out of the tumor cell and you have another normal cell here you take the nor- the nucleus out of the normal cell and you put the tumor cell into that cytoplasm you get regulated growth, no disregulated growth. But if I have the normal cell and have a tumor cell, take the tumor nucleus out of there and take the normal nucleus and put it into the tumor cytoplasm which contains mitochon- defective mitochon- disregulated cell growth. This has been seen over and over and over again. So just to summarize that. So if you take the tumor nucleus out of the cell and put it into a a normal healthy cell Yes. um everything's fine. Everything is fine. But if you take healthy cell nucleus and put it into a tumor cell Yeah. you still have the same Disregulated cell growth. tumor growth. So which means that it's not the nucleus. Absolutely. It's something else. It's something else. And that's the mitochondrion. And I told you then you have cancer cells with no mutations. And then you have driver mutations in normal cells that never become cancer. You put all those things together and you have to be uh a hopeless idealogue to think that cancer is a genetic disease. Um it's a silent assumption in the field that cancer is a genetic every textbook of biology, cell biology and bioche- cancer is a genetic disease. Why hasn't people's opinions changed despite the evidence that you present? It's a very difficult thing. It goes back to um when you have one theory replacing another theory, it's called paradigm paradigm shifts. And in all in history of science, paradigm shifts have been met with great great resistance. Uh the clear- the clearest one was the Copernican revolution when uh for 8 1,800 years astronomers in ours uh earlier astron- astronomers thought the earth was immovable in the center of the solar system. For 1,000 This was Claudius Ptolemy, Aristotle and the Bible and all these Earth is immovable and the sun and the moon and the planets all revolve around the earth. 1,800 years. Even Copernicus uh was working with these mathematical formulations. His cap was being constantly confused until he said, "What happens if we put the sun in the center of the solar system and consider the earth as simply another planet that would revolve?" All all of a sudden things started to make sense. And Giordano Bruno, uh a theologian, was put to death for suggesting that Copernicus was right. Um uh there was a tremendous resistance on the part of the Roman Catholic Church at that time. And this is the same thing that happened when when um Louis Pasteur said the germs that germs rather than bad air are the cause of disease. So uh and when Darwin-Wallace theory of evolution came it it's not special creation, it's it's natural selection that that can explain this. These were massive paradigm changes in the history of science. And what we're seeing today is the same thing. The mitochondria is the center of the problem with cancer, not the nucleus. The mitochondrion it's a mitochondrial metabolic disease. And once you realize that, we're going to drop these death rates massively in a very in a number of years for sure. So if we take two paths then if we realize that that the mitochondria is the center of the dysfunction and ultimately disease in the cell Yes. if we go that down that path what impact do you think that will have on the cancer cancer statistics over the coming years? It'll drop it massively. Okay. I'm not going to say we'll get rid of cancer completely. Uh but what here's the thing. We may never get rid of it, but we can learn to live with it and keep it at bay. If we know how to if we know that a cancer survive without these two fuels and you can do a diet and lifestyle that can restrict the availability of those two fuels and keep your mitochondria as healthy as you possibly can. What if we don't go down that path? What do you think? Then you're going to be right. One out of two people are going to be having cancer. The your statistics are going to be uh absolutely correct. Is there anybody that you believe cuz you know, when we talk about these subjects, often we think of like big farmer and the incentives and money and follow the money and you'll figure out why people don't want change. Are is any of that sort of conspiratorial thinking correct in your view? Are there know if that's conspiracy. I don't like conspiracy terms. That's absurd. I I like what are the facts of what we're looking at. But do you see a resistance from big farmer to entertain this point of view. Um what Or big food What what what what do you think? I mean would you think this is I mean you're making a lot of not you but but people in these in that those industries the hospital industry is making enormous amounts of money. They're rewarding we get 7 billion dollars a year for cancer research in the in the in in the National Cancer Institute awarding many many not all many grants to look at for gene mutations and all this kind of stuff. Um and we have drugs that are extremely expensive based on a somatic mutation theory of cancer that are basically not dropping the death rate. As I said we got while we're talking here you're going to have 140 people dead uh from cancer. Uh 1700 people a year it's getting worse and worse. Um with as you said we're always running for raising money for cancer research. Uh where's all that money going? What are you doing with all that money? No accountability. And then when you look at the scientific advisory committee of all these societies that you're running for they all think publish papers on cancer as a genetic disease. It's too hard for the field to accept at this point. Um It's it's too traumatic at what I'm saying. It's too disruptive to a massive industry uh at this time. They will come to gradually adapt adjust to what I'm saying. It's just a matter of time because we cannot continue this trajectory. It it's immoral what we're doing to some of these people. I read a stat that said the global incidence of early onset cancer increased by roughly 80% between 1990 Yeah. and 2019. That's in the BMJ oncology. Um early onset of cancer is basically patients under the age of 50. And and when I think about this you know growing up in the UK whenever there's a a fun run a charity race a marathon whatever it might be cancer research gets the money. Yeah. And to hear that you know there's been so much money invested in cancer research over the last couple of decades but there's been an increase of 80% in early onset cancer in the same period. For me I'm like oh this research doesn't appear to be do it being very effective. Well as I said you got to fight what people don't do is they never ask where is the research go what kind of research what what are you doing? What is the research? It's the theory that drives the the impetus to do research. Now a lot of great stuff has been done on you know keeping people alive that suffer from cancer is right? Because if you think about the probability of dying from a cancer I'm I'm assuming that has gone down. Yeah I to some extent it has. You know we call this two ways of looking it's called progression free survival and overall survival. Uh these are the terminologies that are used in the clinical world of cancer. Uh the and they they represent the approval of drugs through the Food and Drug Administration. If you have a drug that improves uh progression free survival. Uh progression free means it looks like the drug is working on the tumor. Um because you know the tumor you can see it it gets bigger and bigger and more lethal and more lethal. And and if I see it not growing nearly as much uh I say well look at the it's it's slowing the what we call traditional progression. Okay? It's called progression free survival. And then you have overall survival. So you have two ways to approve drugs mostly for cancer right? How does it work on progression free survival and how does it work on overall survival? Well they stopped looking at overall survival. Now somebody's going to bark and say well you know bottom line is mostly progression free. Which means that the patients it looks like the tumor is being effectively managed but they live only a couple of months longer than they would have if they didn't use this drug. So therefore it's approved. And and and um that as opposed to overall survival. You know you're you're only living a two Okay you've lived two and a half extra months uh the tumor looked like it was managed pretty well but your overall survival is is this much but you you you didn't see the tumor growing. Uh we're going to approve that drug. So a lot of the new drugs that we're giving do a really good job at progression free survival but they do a horrible job in keeping people alive much longer which ultimately is what you want to do. You want overall survival. Well let me give you an example. Avastin uh bevacizumab. This this is an immoral drug that should never be used on people. It was blocked because it caused colon perforations in women with breast cancer. They still use it on brain cancer. And when you so the in the tumor you got a tumor you can see it with PET imaging and you can not so much PET C MRI and CAT scan you can see it there. And I it's looking there. Okay. Uh you can see it. Now you give the patient Avastin and uh which is this um anti-angiogenic drug. It's supposed to stop the abnormal blood vessels right? They think that the angiogenesis blood vessels is is driving the disregulated growth. It's the fermentation that's driving the disregulated growth by the way. So all of a sudden you give the the tumor kind of disappears. It doesn't look like it whoa patient gets all excited. The physician looks and says look at that look at that looks like you're doing well. What it does the event what the drug does is it causes the tumors to and permeate your entire your entire brain. Just like spreading it through your whole brain. You don't live any longer uh but you had this progression free. Look at the tumor to the patient gets excited because it looks like the tumor is disappearing with this very expensive drug. But what it does is it almost guarantees that that patient will not survive because you spread the tumor cells through the whole brain. So um this is why I call it an immoral kind of a a thing. But chemotherapy and sort of these radiation therapies they have proven to keep people alive who otherwise would have died right? In some cases they it can and and that's another thing we have to look at. We have I I work heavily in brain tumors and glioblastomas and things like that. When you irradiate somebody's brain uh who has one of these tumors you free up massive amounts of glucose and glutamine in the microenvironment. And if you look at the survival and when we did the survival looked at survival curves for glioblastoma throughout the world oh it's so you can't even design experiments so consistent how fast people will die. It's like all the different hospitals have the same survival same survival. What are you doing? Well we do chemo we do surgical debulking uh temozolomide and we give steroids which raise blood sugar and we irradiate we irradiate we irradiate everybody's dead. So um not everybody but you know five year survival is is very very low. 10 year survival is almost zero. Um But if you got if you got a breast cancer or if you got No this is brain cancer I'm talking about. This is freeing up now. Yes if you have a circumscribed tumor and it's not anywhere else you can come in with a radiation or surgical procedure and cure essentially cure that patient. But if you have any level of spread or anything like this um that that person now and also if you're taking a toxic poison into your body like red devil doxorubicin they call it red devil. Your pee turns red everything turns red. What is that is that chemotherapy? Yes it's a chemotherapy to kill a small group of cells um or maybe a little bit of a spread. But your your hair falls out your body gets brutalized um by this. And then if you survive the cancer and many people do we have millions and millions of cancer survivors on this planet. But many many folks in that group suffer from the adverse effects of being poisoned or irradiated or surgically mutilated. I mean they have to change their whole and often times the cancer comes back or they die from cardiovascular disease or they die from secondary adverse effects of being brutalized um with medieval I call it medieval approaches to this. Are you kidding me? What they're doing to cancer patients? So when we do metabolic therapy we we shrink the tumor down for sure. Then the surgeon can come in and he sees it smaller fewer blood vessels because of the metabolic therapy and we can take out a greater amount of this and then we transition back to prevent this tumor from recurring. Metabolic therapy can you be used to not only prevent the cancer but can also be used to treat the cancer. Now let me tell you they go most hospitals suppose people say well you know I really want to do things to prevent cancer. Can I do standard of care before I have a tumor? What do you mean? You want to go into a a major cancer clinic and have toxic doxorubicin and radiation to your body just in the event that you might get a cancer? This is absurd. But yet when you have cancer that's what they do to you right? But with metabolic therapy you can use it as both a prevention and a treatment. It's just that with the treatment we bring in some more drugs to target the glutamine. We don't do that on the prevention side. Only I was just looking at some stats as you were speaking around this five year survival rates of a variety of different cancers um over time and it does appear that survival rates of these cancers from breast cancer prostate cancer to lung cancer to leukemias um various melanomas has improved since the 1970s. So the 1970s to the 1990s to 2010s there's been an improvement in the survival rate. Um which I guess is a credit to the research that's been done. Um what you're saying is that this the treatments we have still today are horrific. Yeah and the and the survivals are not that much greater. It's not like you're getting massively longer survivals. Yeah I mean and I have to I have to preface that these stats might not be right because this is AI we're dealing with here but the there's a 5% for example with breast cancer between the 1990s and 2010 there's just a 5% difference in overall survival. in overall survival. Okay so your survival is your overall survival is two and a half to three months greater. I don't actually have those stats in front of me. that's that's that's the the evidence the papers that we're looking at. So so how do we prevent prevent this then? I'm 32 years old now. So I want to make sure that I live my life in such a way that I limit my chance of cancer. One of the things I always reflect on is the fact that many of the people that I know that have got cancer breast cancer or other forms of cancer appear to be remarkably healthy. Yeah always at the beginning. Uh they they're always but many times a person comes in and she says, "I just was diagnosed with cancer. I didn't know I had it. I didn't feel bad." And then all of a sudden you get treated and they look like death warmed over. But I'm saying like how can how can healthy people be getting cancer if there's this sort of central Well, because you I as I said are the the the the and we're seeing this. I'm seeing it in my own I'm getting more and more emails from young people in their 30s, uh, late 20s, 30s, early 40s like with colon cancer, breast cancer and all these kinds of things. But look at our diet and lifestyle situation today. Those those things that I'm talking about, lack of exercise, a lot of stress, poor sleep, bad food, all of this kind of stuff impacting parts of our bodies. So what do we do about it then? Know about it. And then and then what do we do? So I know now. personal choice. I'm not here to take pieces and and jelly donuts off the market for sure or breakfast cereal. I love that stuff too. But the the question is I don't eat it every day and I know if I do IT'LL KILL ME. SO SO YEAH, I I SKIPPING MEALS, water only occasionally. There's a lot of things you can do to keep your mitochondria healthy. Okay, so tell me what those things are. I just exercise. You look like you're a pretty healthy guy. Yeah, I go to I go to the gym a lot. look morbidly obese to me. Not yet. Not yet. Well, that's important because you don't ever want it yet. We won't be in America too long so my chances are well and listen, it's not just the United States. We were kind of like the first ones to plow that field, but it's starting to spread everywhere. I think in China they have the most 200 million obese people in China now. So should I be on a keto diet then? Here's what we did, okay. Uh, we developed the glucose ketone index calculator at Boston College, all right, my students and I because we were trying to work with cancer patients blood sugar and ketones, um, independently of each other. We had a ketone meter and we had a blood glucose meter. So we were monitoring ketones by itself and glucose by itself and we worked with a very nice woman, um, from American who lived in Nice, France who since passed away from a brainstem tumor. It's very very difficult. We kept her alive very long, but eventually we didn't know what we need what we know now. But she got into an argument for a handicap parking spot with her neighbor upstairs and her blood sugar blood sugar went through the roof. She ran upstairs and she took her blood blood sugar and she says, "Oh my god, the tumor is going to grow." I said, "What's your ketones?" And she says, "Oh, it's still 2.5 millimolar." Well, that's still pretty high. Usually it's very very low. It's very high. So my students and I we said, "You know, this is too traumatic to try to measure these two independently. Why don't we make a singular number, divide the glucose in millimolar in the blood by the ketone in millimolar in the blood?" Now you get this number that's much more stable and it allows the cancer patient to know that if I keep this zone at 2.0 and below, my tumor cells aren't going to be able to grow very fast. I did this for the brain cancer, right? Now it's being used for all cancers and now it's being used for guys like yourself who just want to stay healthy and because what it is essentially is a quantitative determination of you're in the Paleolithic zone or not. Oh, so if I'm at 2.0 like my friend Dominic D'Agostino, he's always down in these zones. He's living the He's a Paleolithic man living in modern society. What's a Paleolithic man? That's how our ancestors were during the Paleolithic period. Okay, so he's got the right balance of glucose and ketones in his blood. Like we did when we were hunting mammoths and and buffaloes and these kinds of things. When we were hunter-gatherers in the thousands of years of our existence as a species, tens of thousands of years. He is in that zone. Is he in keto? He's Yeah, well, that's the that's what the low GKI is. That means you're at a level of keto. Okay. Yes, he doesn't eat a lot of carbohydrates in his diet. He eats leafy vegetables and a lot of meat and and this kind of thing. Uh, sparingly on fruits. Uh, like grapefruits we learned from the epilepsy field, grapefruits provide a tremendous amount of vitamin C with don't and do not spike glucose. That's that's very interesting. So you can have, uh, certain fruits that can keep you in this metabolic zone of pay I call it the Paleolithic zone which is the way we evolved where there was no cancer in our in our existence. When people hear that they might start jumping on the paleo diet. I don't even know what the paleo diet. It's it's the diets that are low in carbohydrates, okay? Okay. Um, Mediterranean diets. Like people say to me, "You talk like a what should I eat? Should I eat this and that?" Normally you would eat foods that have very low low glycemic index which means the speed with which glucose is released like a banana, very high in glycemic index. You eat a banana and your blood sugar immediately spikes. Many fruits are like that. Um, but you want you want foods that keep a low steady, uh, GKI. Now I built that, uh, calculator for brain cancer patients initially. Then we realized it's powerful for all cancers. Uh, we put the cancer patient in the low glucose ketone index. We get them down in there. Then we come in with the glutamine targeting drugs to to kind of polish off these tumors or put them in even a more dormant state. But now I'm finding all these young kid young like yourself, all these 30 20-year-olds, what's the GKI? I mean, they're out there weightlifting and they're looking at their G They don't have cancer. They're just excited to see they they can get into this Paleolithic zone by themselves. And that yes, that will prevent cancer because you can't get cancer if your mitochondria healthy. If you if you're in a Paleolithic zone where our ancestors rarely if ever got cancer, then you're you're back in this Oh, you mean to tell me I can't eat this and I can't eat that. What does it do to your GKI? Oh, makes it go up. Well, don't eat that. So you did a study on dogs. A dog with a tumor. Yes. Can you tell me about that study? Uh, it was a woman came to me and this is what I say does you don't have to have a PhD in biochemistry to understand what some of the things this woman had no degree whatsoever. She just heard the uh, about what we did to these mice and she did the same thing to her dog. Uh, it was a pitbull and at 7 years old it had big mast cell tumor on its lip. So she listened to my YouTube video over and over. She said to me, "I just kept listening." And she says I I got I I I I got some raw chicken. She says dogs wolves evolved to eat chickens. So she got some, uh, chicken chopped up the chicken. She cut the calories of she found some dog food calculator to how much calories the dog was getting. She cut the calories the dog looks lost only 5% of its body weight. She got, uh, pollock fish oil, raw eggs and cut all the calories to everything was all natural for this dog. Um, and all of a sudden we have the pictures. You can see them in the pic if you saw the picture. Big big tumor on its lip. The the the veterinarian said this dog is going to to survive you have to give him chemo and radiation and surgery and all this kind of stuff and it's going to cost a lot of money. The dog's going to have diarrhea. It's going to be, you know, all She didn't want any part of that. So she said, "Well, let's just try this metabolic thing." And we and she's kept all the records and the pictures and what she did and how much she gave the dog and all this so I I was able to get all that information from her. Um, put my friend Lauren Lauren Nations who is a veterinarian uh, on the paper because I said, "What biology guy at Boston College is telling you how to manage cancer in a dog? We got to have some veterinarian on here to validate to make sure he's there." And he's looked at the pictures and we looked at all the thing. It disappeared. So what happened was the dog eventually died of heart disease at 15 and a half years of age. So essentially that's the only when people say well, metabolic therapy cure cancer. I I say metabolic therapy is never considered a cure for cancer. It's an effective non-toxic management for cancer. But in the case of that dog it appeared to work it appeared to cure the dog, but that's the only one I'll say, "Oh, he's going to say cure can not." That dog happened to get he died from old age from a heart heart attack. And we did it with a brain tumor guy Pablo Kelly who just passed away unfortunately from a from a surgical, um, his his, uh, he had a major cerebral, uh, hemorrhage after his surgery from Devon, England. You know Devon, England? That's where I'm from. Are you from Devon? Yeah. Oh, wow. Well, Pablo was there. He just passed away unfortunately. I was talking to him the day before he passed away. Pablo? Pablo Kelly. So he was from Devon, England. Had a glioblastoma which is the worst of the worst. Uh, they said and he was all over your your newspapers there in Devon. He was always sending me articles from England. Um, man rejects standard of care. So he he had this glioblastoma and they took the tissue out Which is brain cancer. Yeah, brain the worst of the brain cancers, you know. Uh, they took the tumor out and they said, uh, oh, you it's in inoperable, inoperable. And, uh, but if you do radiation and chemo, uh, we you might live nine, maybe 12 months at the most. Well, Pablo came from a family of like we don't dabble in in this kind of medicine. We're more holistic kind of people. So he emailed me. This was in 2014. Um, and said I want to try this metabolic thing. So he rejected, uh, chemo and radiation and they said it wasn't surgically uh, capable of being completely removed anyway. So he did this I I gave him the information that I give to everybody and this was way back before we knew a lot of what we now know. And, uh, I said this poor guy he he doesn't want And they said, "You're going to be dead." They they browbeat him. They tried to force him to put that radiation mask on. They hacked his beard off, uh, all this kind of stuff and he just jumped up. He said, "I can't do this stuff." So, um, he didn't take any steroids. He didn't take any any radiation. He didn't take any chemo. He just did the metabolic therapy and he's on English tele things with all of his paleo diet which is actually a low very low carbohydrate diet. He had the avocados there. He had the fish oil there. He had this different stuff. And two or three years go by. He emails me. I said, "Geez, Pablo, I thought you would have been dead. You're still alive? What's going on with that?" So so he calls me up and he says, "You know, um, I went in for a CAT scan the other day. The doctors are like still surprised that he's alive and they said this tumor is is still there and it's growing. And they think they can cut it out now. So, he was 3 years on on just metabolic approach. He didn't take any glutamine inhibitors, which was really remarkable. So, and so anyway, he asked me and I have I have physician friends that are radiologists that can look at it and they we measured it when it was first first diagnosed in 2014 and then we saw it did become a little bigger. So, and then now that surgeon said, "I think I can get it. Looks more more susceptible." Here it was inoperable, now it becomes resectable. So, he took it out and Pablo recovered really well. And the surgeon says, "I think I got it all." Wow, so so and and Pablo is measuring his glucose ketone index with our ketone monitor. So, I had every day sometimes two and three 5 years of data on Pablo Kelly. Can you believe this? So, so anyway, Pablo thinks he's cured because the the surgeon all of a sudden he goes back to his kind of weak weak ways and you can see that his GKI goes up and all of a sudden the tumor starts to show up again. Puts the fear of God back into him. Goes back on a more restrict condition. Another 3 years goes by and this time the tumor is growing slowly very slowly. Don't forget glioblastomas kill you very quickly. Um, with standard of care you can barely get out of at his age if you can get 2 years you're doing you're doing really good. So, anyway, now he's three and he's got 6 years out and he says, "You know, um, it's still back, you know, I he said I got to go in." So, he first So, this is second debulking. First debulking he goes off gets back on. Another second debulking. So, another 3 years goes by he has a third debulking. Can you believe this? A third debulking? Debulking is the cutting the tumor out. It's the removal surgical removal of this tumor. But he's never had radiation or chemo or any other kinds of stand what we call standards of care. So, for and now, um, he he has I talked to him a couple of weeks ago and he was doing he was doing really really good. He had the the third removal and we were laughing with myself and Dr. Durrant and my associates. He says, "Yeah, can you imagine um, uh, I've had now three operations on a previously inoperable tumor." So, we were saying, "Wow, they got that one wrong, didn't they, Pablo?" And they kept wanting to irradiate him and do all this stuff. He said, "No, no, I'm going to keep doing this." So, we were speaking to him and and he's out 10 years. The tumor was was diagnosed in in in August 2014 and he passed away August, uh, 2024 from they tried to go in and get the last bit of tumor out of his brain. He came out of it week on him. We talked to him thumbs up smiling talking like crazy 6 hours later cerebral hemorrhage and he dies. So, he didn't die from the cancer. He died from the surgical problem with the surgery. So, he was a You talk about long-term survivors. Um, you rarely survive 2 years with a glioblastoma. The fact that he was out 10 years and if he hadn't had that last bit of surgery, the guy would have still been alive cuz he he was talking like you and I are talking. This is a guy who has a a terminal So, I said to Pablo, I said, "You could outlive me." I I says I said, "We're all terminal to some extent, right? We're never going All of us aren't going to live to I says you He was a young guy. He was only 20 22 or 23 when he was diagnosed. He was in his 30s now when he passed away. 10 years, so he's 33 34 years old. And and I said, "You know, I could be dead before you." And we were laughing and we had a good time and the next thing I know I get an email from his wife. He said Pablo was is on on on on brain dead and something. I said, "What the hell happened? What happened to this poor guy?" And it wasn't the cancer. So, who know how know I don't know what how long he would have lived how many more things. But what I'm saying, "Oh, he's an anecdote." Well, listen, if I had a drug that did what what metabolic therapy did and I could get more people like Pablo. You kidding me? They'd be run running all over the world. And when you say metabolic therapy, you mean the combination of the calorie restrictive Yeah. ketogenic approach. Yes. Yeah, we're avoiding Well, first of all, you're avoiding you're avoiding things that are going to kill you. The radiation is going to kill you. For the for many people, not all people. Okay, everybody say, "Wait a minute." Well, listen, you can you can look at the Go have people look at the data themselves for crying out loud. And you can see how long you're going to live. He didn't do what they what they grab everybody in. What did he do specifically? take radiation or chemo and he brought his glucose ketone index down to the 2.0 zone and kept it kept it low. And he took some supplements and a few things here and there, but he wasn't really targeting the glutamine like we thought it would like we we thought We we found now certain parasite medications will be effective in targeting glutamine. So, we're doing all non-toxic strategies to manage cancer. You don't have to be brutalized by the system if you know what to do and how to do it. The problem The problem is most of the poor oncologist never heard of what I'm talking. The stuff I'm telling you right now, they never heard of it. The risk is someone gets cancer that's listening to this or someone has cancer that's that's listening to this. I mean, statistically there's a lot of people listening to this that have cancer right now. And they're they're speaking to their doctor and their doctor is saying chemotherapy, radiation therapy, etc. etc. glucose has nothing to do with tumor. Eat whatever you want. Yeah, and so what do you say to those people who are who they've just got a diagnosis um, and their doctors are saying, "Right, listen, this is pretty bad severe. We're going to suggest that you take chemotherapy." You're not telling them not to take chemotherapy, are you? I'm not telling them that. And what we found what we found is that when you are in nutritional ketosis with a glucose ketone index of 2.0 or below my colleagues that we work with in Istanbul, Turkey were able to show that chemotherapies at much lower dosages can be even more therapeutically powerful when you're in nutritional ketosis. So, you don't have to get rid of a lot of these different procedures that we have today. I'm just saying radiation for brain cancer. I'm not saying radiation for lung or some of the other cancers. Okay. Because if you can if you can shrink those tumors down and make them very weak and vulnerable a surgical procedure or radiation procedure even low-dose chemo could come in and even immunotherapy. If you if you took a big tumor and shrunk it down to a small small nub and it's resistant to a lot of the things. They all have to share something in common for them to survive this this path. That might be an immunotherapy because come in because they're going to target whatever all of them have together and you could possibly get rid of it that way. I'm thinking of a friend of mine that has been diagnosed with brain cancer brain tumor. And this is one of the most you know, it's a it's a woman in her 40s or 50s trying to keep her anonymous as possible. Um, who is just the most fit athletic person I ever I know. Eats amazingly well. Is literally known for exercise. Um, and I'd go, "How? How is it possible that someone who I would probably say is fitter than I am if you looked at their sort of metabolic health has got a severe brain tumor?" Well, it it they can stay healthy for and I'm not saying everybody who has It depends on what kind of a tumor it is as well. Is it a glioblastoma oligodendroglioma? You know, peanut There's a lot of different kinds of tumors that Well, I know that it's it's not growing necessarily, but it's big and it's in the brain and they're going to remove it for a surgical operation. Well, if they can what we always suggest for the brain cancer if you do metabolic therapy up front and I've had surgeons tell me this you can shrink it down. Because what one of the one it's angry. It's an angry thing, right? And you can see some slight invasion. If you can shrink that down so that it's more circumscribed. Now the surgeon can look at it and go, "Oh my god." We we know uh, many many scientific publications. The more you can debulk that's called the removal of the tumor debulking the longer the patient will survive. The evidence is massive to support that. But you know, with a lot of these brain tumors you don't get it all and there's always some little piece that remains and when you irradiate you explode the ability to the cells to ferment energy and it's very hard to kill them. But but if you can get the majority of it out and then transition the patient back into a metabolic state keeping the pressure on those tumor cells, you can remain healthy like Pablo. I mean, these these guys can And when you found in mice is that when ketogenic diet was combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the average survival time was increased by roughly 80%? Yeah, even more sometimes now. But what Okay, so why do we hyper do hyperbaric oxygen? Right? That's the question. What's going on with hyperbaric oxygen? Why is this like a good thing? It works best when the patient and the mouse is in nutritional ketosis. Okay. So, look, we have a tumor. We irradiate that tumor. How does the radiation kill the tumor cells? It hits oxygen, blows up and it causes a reactive ROS and it's like a stepping on a land mine. It blows the tumor up, right? So, um, cancer cells protect themselves even though they make a lot of ROS, they all they're this close to death anyway. But they have a very powerful antioxidant system. And interestingly enough that it besides causing the dysregulated growth the glucose and the glutamine also protect them to some extent from the ROS that they're making. Can you believe this? The ROS? ROS. ROS reactive oxygen species that are carcinogenic and mutagenic. So, they're they destroy our our proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. They're disruptive molecules. So, radiation will cause a ROS in the microenvironment. ROS that'll blow up and kill cells normal and and tumor cells. But but if you want to selectively kill tumor cells you with ROS not to cause your hair to fall out, your gums to bleed and all this crazy stuff. You take the patient, you put him in nutritional ketosis, and you say he's like got a low GKI, then you go into hyperbaric oxygen, which dissolves oxygen directly into your blood now. It's better than just breathing 100% oxygen cuz you can actually dissolve oxygen in the bloodstream. Then you're taking away the two fuels that protect the tumor, and you're giving it internal ROS, which kills the tumor internally, only to the tumor cell, not to your surrounding tissues. So, you're killing selectively killing tumor cells without collateral damage to your to the rest of your body. As a matter of fact, the rest of your cells are getting super healthy because they're burning ketones and pure oxygen. Unbelievable. How do we measure if our um Can you believe this? I can't even believe I'm saying this stuff myself. You really got to know the biochemistry, and you need to know the physiology of your own body, and you have to know understand evolutionary biology. Most people just aren't that intelligent, including me. It's not intelligence. Most people Most people Most people kind of want things sort of simple principles that they can live by and implement in their lives. quick and easy. Yeah, of course. Okay, they don't want to do what I'm talking about it cuz it might be Oh, the other thing Let me tell you one thing and remember it. If you do metabolic therapy, success rides heavily on your shoulders. You're not sitting there like some poor mannequin and some guy's poisoning and irradiating you. To to make metabolic therapy work, you are the one doing the GKI. You're the one in You're it's your soul. It's your You're a responsible for your existence on this planet. You're going to put your your precious soul in the hands of someone who has a less of a knowledge about the the problem than than you might. As an entrepreneur, I'm always looking for ways to connect and to create, and that's why I decided to launch the conversation cards. I turned to Shopify, who also sponsors this podcast, and Shopify made it so easy to set up an online store and reach all of you, no matter where you are in the world. I remember the challenges we faced when we first launched the Diary of a CEO conversation cards. Managing inventory, ensuring seamless checkout process, and reaching our audience. Shopify stepped in and made everything so straightforward and efficient. It was like having an entire team of experts by our side, allowing us to focus on creating content and connecting with you. What I love about Shopify is, no matter how big you intend to grow your business, they give you everything you need to take control and take your business to the next level. And to say thank you for listening to this podcast, we're giving you a trial which is just $1 a month, and you can sign up by going to shopify.com/barlett. The link is in the description below. Could you be predisposed genetically Yeah, that's one of those germline mutations, but you can manage that. Cuz people think, you know, my my grandmother had breast cancer, my mother had breast cancer, so Yeah. you know. They live in a common environment, too. It It's not like you're like you know to prove that, you you you and all the siblings would have to be raised in a different in environment, different countries, different lifestyles, and then see if you all got cancer at the same time under all these different conditions, that's definitely genetic. That's like Huntington's disease, Tay-Sachs disease, or these kinds of things where they'll manifest regardless of the environment. So, you're saying to me that I should, as a 32-year-old man that's cancer-free, um God willing, touch wood, um I should calorie restrict myself to keep my mitochondria healthy and my metabolism healthy now. I should be in a in a sort of calorie restricted state. say it's good to visit the state. Our Paleolithic ancestors had no choice. There wasn't a donut shop on every corner. There wasn't pizzas. There were There weren't the kinds of highly processed carbohydrate foods available to them. So, should I be fasting? Should I be doing keto? I You know, I don't want to tell you what you should or should not do. I'm not a physician here. I'm a scientist. I study what causes these things, and I study how to manage them. You have to read what I'm saying, and you have to come to your own decisions about how you want to conduct your life. I've given you information. What's your view on fasting? Fasting is a powerful way to get your body into nutritional ketosis, but it ain't easy. Try doing it. Try you try doing it. See how how easy it is. It ain't easy, right? Uh but that's why we developed this procedure where if you go um rather than going cold turkey, uh say, "Oh, today I'm going to have a big I'm going to eat as much as I can." And then tomorrow, "Okay, you can go tomorrow." I can It's the second, third days when you start to really know what the hell's going on, believe me. I've tried it. It's It ain't easy. That's why we developed uh a zero carb diet for 14 days, 10 to 14 days. Just zero Eat meat, fish, chicken, whatever you want. But just don't eat any bread, pasta, this kind of thing. On keto, um how do we get into that sort of ketosis state that people often talk about? Measure your glucose ketone index. How do I do that? With the with the Keto Mojo meter. You can buy it from Amazon. Okay. Okay, you can buy Now, don't forget they get a free Libre meter now for the blood. They're working on ketone blood meters, but it's not there yet. Right now, the Keto Mojo or some other keto meters where you can take a prick your finger like a diabetic. You take a glucose strip and you put it on the blood, and you put it into the machine, it tells you what your glucose is. Squeeze your finger a little bit more, take the ketone strip, touch it to the blood, put it in the meter, it gives you the ketone value, push the button, GKI comes right up. Okay. Okay, very simple. Everybody can buy it from from Amazon, get the meter, buy the consumables, uh and then they can test it. This is what Pablo This is what all the the cancer patients, the ones who really want to get into metabolic ketosis. I think I've tried keto before, and I say think because I didn't measure my my keto levels, so I'm just assuming I did. Yeah. No, it's really People say, "Well, I haven't eaten you know, I'm in ketosis. How do you know?" Well, I blew into this thing and the bulb came on, I peed on a strip, it looked like it was ketosis. They are indirect measures. The most accurate is the blood measure. So, um It's hard to stay in that state for most people, right? This is one of the things I hear. temptations in our society are so strong. Yeah. I mean, Paleolithic man had no choice. Do you think he That was his state? That's all he knew for thousands and thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of years. That's all he knew. He didn't say, "I'll let me go down to get a a big jelly-filled donut down at the at the end of the the river there." No, there's none of that. He had to live in that state. Now we have so many temptations, all the things that we are biologically clear for. When you see obesity, that's evolution in action. They are the descendants of our long ancestors that could hold on to energy so efficiently. We were an energy-starved species for the majority of our existence on the planet. So, anything we ate would be very little waste. We never pee out glucose. Glucose is converted to fat, and we store energy as fat. So, those guys are energy-efficient human beings. Now all of a sudden we find ourselves with everything That's evolution in action, man. We're just We're just You're allowing to see the how we can store energy so efficiently because our ancestors lived through such um environmental forcing. We had famines, we had long treks, we Our body could store energy so efficiently because it wasn't We had to store what little we could get from the environment. And now you've got, you know, 300 million Americans in this food environment where Oh. when they walk out their front door, they see the Dunkin Donut. Oh. They can lie in bed and order a Dunkin Donut delivered in 10 minutes. You don't even have to unask the car, they hand it through the window. Yeah. So, people No energy, no energy expenditure, energy in. So, so you know, giving them this information might be fairly futile because the temptation that's I'm not here to tell people again, I'm not here to tell people what they should or should not do. I'm just here to explain like why do we have all this not mystery. It's all biological evolution. You understand biological evolution, almost everything that I'm talking about makes perfect sense. Um and unfortunately, that's not part of our scientific literacy anymore. So, we need what? Discipline? Discipline is important. Um discipline is important. Um you know, every major religion had had a point of fasting. Um to be whether you're Islamic, Judaism, or whatever, Catholicism, Hinduism, whatever. I don't Whatever. They always had some sort of fasting. Why Why do you do fasting? Because you want to purify your body. You want to become closer to God. You want to You want to You want to feel in control. Uh and that's always part And if you do it with prayer, it's even better. So, uh there was a reason for doing all that, and people realized the ancients uh knew this kind of thing. But uh we don't do that anymore. Um we don't go 40 days without food like Jesus did in the deserts. Um but a human being, you could absolutely do that. I I know because I can look at your weight, I can look at your size, and I can pretty much tell you how long you can go with before you died. And how do I know that? Because George Cahill, a good friend, late George Cahill, ran the Joslin Diabetes Center, and he he he evaluated people that would just water-only fasting on until until death. And um some of those concentration maze prison camps and things. So, he was able to know how much you could how long you could go. Now, what about Angus Barbieri went 377 days uh without food. George Cahill would fast some of these obese people for for 250, 300 days. What happens inside their body with with the fat. So, what happens is you burn fat Okay, liver stores a lot of of Bone store the minerals. You can get minerals from your bones. You can get a lot of fat storage Vitamins are stored in fat, a lot of vitamin D. outside of the weight loss, what's going on in You know, we said people religious people used to fast to get closer to God. Yeah. Which seems to me to point to some sort of cognitive change. Yes, and yeah, that's from burning ketones. Yeah. They burn When you burn keto I said in the brain, when your brain starts shifting to ketones, your energy the bank for the buck for each calorie that comes in from a ketone body increases the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. So, you're more focused Oh, massively. And you know, this is why our ancestors were the way that if you're if you are dependent on killing some animal for your survival, and you are out on the hunt, you are focused. Uh because if you're not focused, you're going to starve to death. So, every organ sense organ in our body is super it is super jacked when you're in these ketotic states. So, and these guys walking around with headphones listening to uh you know, all this I mean, this is like depriving ourselves of the natural ways uh of our ancestry. Don't forget, we're not just you and I are not just here over the last, you know, 100 300 400 years. We are the descendants of members that are same as us, you know, hundreds of thousands of years ago. They would they just didn't have the technology that we have today. But if you could put a Paleolithic man from, say, 500,000 years ago, and you gave him a bunch of donuts and told him, he would die he would go to heaven. You mean to tell me I don't have to go out and kill the elk anymore? They're going to hand me the food right through the window. Of course, he's going to do that. You go in the cave and you throw a bunch of jelly-filled donuts into a bunch of cavemen who've been chewing on the half-eaten rat or something. You think they're going to not going to eat those jelly donuts? They have a some chimpanzees living with a family down in Florida there. I know it's some YouTube thing. The chimps they're eating the food with the family, and then they give jelly sandwiches to the chimps. They're banging on the table. You think they were going to go crazy? Chimpanzees love the jelly sandwiches. Do you have kids? Yes. What advice would you give to your children if they're listening to this now about um how to prevent their chance of getting sick from cancer or these other diseases? Well, they probably say, "Well, Dad, how come you don't do a lot of the things?" First of all, I'm not telling I told you I don't tell anybody what to do or or how they do it. I'm just telling you the science behind why why things work. Um yeah, my my my my my children, my two sons, and my um they're all very very successful. And uh they they said if we ever got cancer, we would be doing your we would be doing the metabolic therapy if we were to ever get cancer. And I said, "Just keep, you know, exercise and and do what you can do the best you can in our environment." I mean, don't get me wrong. I'm I'm eating a jelly donut. I'm drinking beer. I'm drinking whiskey. Why? Cuz I like it. But I'm not going to be doing it all the time. You know, it's just it's just I'm not going to be saying I'm going to eat pizza, sure. But I'm not going to be not doing it. I do water. I do intermittent fasting. I don't eat for 18 20 hours at a time. I do a lot of exercise over at the university, the gym, and the facilities that we have. Um but I but I understand it. And then if I were to get cancer, I would have to um bite the bullet and do what I'm would do what I know works as much as it wouldn't be pleasurable, but it would be certainly a better alternative than being radiated and poisoned. I'm telling you that. If that has got your conviction to the point that you're so convinced that the real issue is this sort of metabolic dysfunction, um why aren't you optimizing your life to be sort of metabolically perfect? Well, because I live in the same society you do. Yeah. Okay? And and fortunately, yes, our technology has improved uh significantly. Um you know, I'm not a monk. I'm not going to be in some monastery, you know, uh chanting something. Um I I I am a member of the society just as you are. And I enjoy the things that we have to offer us to make our lives a little bit more pleasurable. There's nothing like sitting down over a nice meal and having a discussion with some wine and enjoying it. Enjoy the moment, but don't but not to be locked into that kind of uh diet and lifestyle all the time uh puts you at risk. There's a election going on in the United States at the moment, Trump versus Kamala Harris. Um if you won the election, and you became president of the United States, and you had to introduce some regulations or some laws around food and all of these kinds of things, what would you do? Well, uh I I think, you know, you were talking about a food industry, you're talking about a multi- dimensional economy. I I would not again, you don't want government to tell you what you should do. You should make the choices, but you have to recognize are there are there choices, and what are these choices? Right now, we're not in in we're not seeing or understanding uh how things harm people. If if we have an obesity epidemic, and that would put you at risk for all these horrific chronic diseases, why do they not know that? And then we used to do some regulation in the UK regarding smoking, so you can't smoke inside anymore. that's but you see this your secondhand smoke can impact negatively the person sitting next to you. This uh obese person's personal choice to be obese is not going to make you obese or sick. So, this is a a different kind of a situation. Um it that has to come from internal to the person. And they have to be concerned with their own health. But drugs though, like cocaine is not legal. So, why can't they intervene to say you can't have Dunkin' Donuts? Um cuz they're both, you know, going to harm you in the I think you'd get a revolution if you can't eat a Dunkin' Donut. You are not going to get a revolution if you can't have cocaine. You try to go down here in Brooklyn and take away all these donuts from people. You know, you're going to see they're going to go you know, it's it's like it's personal choices. I I like Dunkin' Donut. I mean, I I like the coffee especially. But um but you can go to donut shop and get some of these crullers and jelly fills and honey dipped. Are you kidding me? These things are delicious. You ever get these blueberry muffins? You tremble when you eat some of this stuff. You know, it's and I'm not going to take that away from me. But if I want one, I'm not going to be oh, every day I got to eat a No, I just don't eat it. I On the weekend, I might get one. And even sometimes two or three weeks months go by before I'll get one. You know, but uh but when you get it, man, you enjoy it. You really love it. Are you hopeful? I am very hopeful. Because people when you science comes, you can't suppress the truth. It's going to come out. The evidence the scientific evidence is there. I'm documenting this scientific and it's based on the shoulders of Otto Warburg. Are you kidding me? I mean, this was a giant in the field of biochemistry. It's not like I made this stuff up. I'm just extending what he has done to a new dimension and putting it into a practical application, which he had never done. So, it's just an extension of of of the knowledge base over this time. Why do you care so much? Why do I care so much? You know, I'm not in it for the money. You know what I'm in it for? I want to see the the scientific principles substantiated. If you know that you can keep these people alive at a higher quality of life based on the knowledge of the science that's doing that, that's gratification, man. It's gratification to know that these if you because because you were right on understanding the mechanism of the problem. And if you say, you know, if we do it the way we're writing a big treatment protocol as we speak. It's under review. A really comprehensive treatment protocol. And we institute that in the clinic and for glioblastoma patients in these advanced cancers, they're not they're not living a few extra months. They're living several years longer. Why? Because you knew the science. What's wrong with that? That's that's gratification. You don't have to make a billion dollars on that. All you have to know is that all those folks are living longer because you understood the science that was put into practical application. What's right? That's Our our research is supported by philanthropy and private foundations. That money allows me to to to do these experiments, to test what I'm testing on preclinical models, and then we translate it back into the clinic directly. And we see like Pablo Kelly, he should have been done he should have been done years and years ago. He lived all those years extra. He's had a wife and he's got kids. He didn't have to have his sperm frozen. He didn't have to have any of that stuff done. What's wrong with that? Keep I'm seeing people that are should have been dead a long time ago, and they're still alive. And they're saying, "I'm doing fine." I get calls from people. Geez, I thought that guy would have been a goner. He's still alive. He's doing well. I said that that keeps me going because it tells me that we're on the right path. This is a solvable problem. This cancer this cancer can be dropped significantly. You can take away the fear. People now put the put it on the shoulders I know what to do, how to do it. I'm going to follow this. Will it work for everybody? No. But it will help a lot of people much more than what we have today. But it's paradigm change. Massive paradigm change. So, uh they will come to know. It's just a matter of time. I don't know how long it's going to take, but I ain't going anywhere. I'm continuing to do this. I'm going to get better and better results, and we're going to keep pushing. I published these case reports in the scientific literature. Let the scientific field uh make their decision on the results from these papers. And if you weren't to succeed, what happens? People improve. Uh but I'm not going to live forever. So, but I know that what I've done with with following Otto Warburg and cleaning up the misconceptions and misunderstanding of why he he was stalled when the field ran off chasing genes. We got to bring bring it back on track. It's a metabolic problem with metabolic solutions. So, that will help a lot of people. But it's also going to change a a lot of way people are thinking about this. But I I can tell you they want to open clinics. I get calls from from Asia, Africa, and South America. They want to open clinics. People are being brutalized by a system that's not working. Don't forget, besides the terrible financial personal physical toxicity, people are going bankrupt. Their marriages are falling apart because they can't pay for the expensive drugs on these cancer things. And they die, and the bills are passed on to their loved This is immoral stuff. Is there a particular case study that's broken your heart more than any others? Trudy DuPont, who originally let me We we built a glucose ketone index calculator on her. Uh Pablo is still We're still devastated by Pablo's loss because Pablo was a a guy that I've known for 10 years, worked him through, and then all of a sudden he gets a cerebral hemorrhage and dies. He was our poster child for how long you could live with a glioblastoma on metabolic therapy, but he didn't die from the cancer. Um you have this some others that we wish they could have lived a little bit longer uh with the appropriate help. What I find is that sometimes within the family, there's a lot of and the guy he says, "I really want to do what you're doing, but my wife and kids say I I'm foolish to do that." So, it's it's still a very We're in a very early stage of this. We haven't really worked it out into a an effective standard yet. It will come. So, people and the other members of the family get super help when they all work together and they do it. Everybody says I never felt so healthy in my life. Um Gaetano had advanced prostate cancer. He wrote a book and he's on the web and he had hypertension, high blood pressure, overweight, more obese, he had all everything. And then he does 18 several 18-day water only fasts, got himself everything All these things went away. His diabetes went away, his hypertension, high blood pressure, and the cancer can't be found. So, is he cured? I have no idea. But But he's managed? Yes, he's managed and he's healthier. So, what's wrong with that? Isn't that Isn't that ultimately what medicine wants to do? Keep people alive longer in a healthier quality of life? How many more do we need? They say, "Oh, that's a fluke. That's a fluke. That's a fluke. That's a fluke. That's a fluke." How many damn flukes do you want? If there's someone listening now, and I'm sure there's going to be many thousands and tens of thousands of people listening um that are currently battling cancer, have early stage diagnoses. I don't know. I feel bad about this because people say, "Oh, I want to do metabolic therapy. Where can I go?" And they go to their local hospital and get slapped down. There's no evidence. There's Everything that's just come out of my mouth has never been taught to me in medical school. So, what do you say to those people? I you know, I say I I say that I'm sorry that the medical establishment has not come to recognize what I'm saying. And then I tell them right You send I I you know, it's the change has to be coming from the people. It ain't going to come from the top medical schools. They they are doing what they're doing very The status quo is very profitable. The status quo is very effective for these people, but it's not helping the cancer patient uh as well as it can. And don't forget, we're not throwing out all this stuff. We're just asking people to know how to use the tools we have in a better way. We don't have to throw out immunotherapies, radiation. We don't have to throw out toxic poisons. We just have to know better how to use it when the patient is in this new state, and the data will prove it. But who's going to do that? Who's going to do that? The doctor says, "I'd love to do this if I But I'm going to lose my license if I do it." What What's going on with that? They wrote the standard of care as if it were ingrate. It can't be changed. No, that should be flexible. When new evidence comes I don't believe your evidence. What number do you not believe? What What piece of science do you not believe on this? Well, I haven't read it. They You can't be right when 99% of the world says it's this way and you're saying it's something different. That's confirmation bias. You're not looking at the numbers. And then when they get cancer, it comes to you, "Hey, what can you do for me?" You know, it's like it's like that. But yes, it has to change. It will change because we're on the momentum to move it. It's People are coming to know this. And once the change happens, it's going to be like a a major major change. And people People are going to have to just readjust. Thomas, we have a closing tradition on this podcast where the last guest leaves a question for the next guest not knowing who they're going to be leaving it for. And the question that's been left for you is imagine the end of your life. Your closest friends and family are at your funeral. What do you imagine or hope they say about you? He changed the course of cancer treatment for the world. It That's it. Dr. Thomas Seyfried. That is exactly what you're doing. And I think that's a really extremely you know, I can't even find a word that describes the profundity of such a mission because so many people are struggling with cancer as if it is this sort of opaque black box of a disease that strikes us at random and picks on people like roulette and debilitates their lives out of the blue. And having more information out there about the root causes of these issues turns the lights on and allows us to go in search of better solutions to what has always been a really really complex, hard to understand disease. Your work runs almost entirely, I believe, on philanthropic donations, right? That's right. So, that's people that um They make donations to both the my university, Boston College, which is a Jesuit university in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. And we we follow the Jesuit philosophy of service to others predominantly. Um and uh private foundations. So, if someone wants to make a donation, where do they go? Do they go to your website? I know there's a donation button there. Uh they they go primarily to our university. They can just um they have a On my On my university biology webpage, there's a donation button. And Travis Christofferson's Foundation for Metabolic Cancer Therapies, which is a 503 uh foundation. He he supports our research through philanthropic donations to his foundation. I would um urge anyone that wants to support your mission to go to your university website. There's a donation button there, which I saw it earlier on. Click that button and then they can make a donation if they That's right. And And the And And that and And Travis Christofferson's Foundation, okay, which is the Foundation for Cancer Metabolic Therapies. It's a 503 uh foundation. Travis Christofferson's. When people email me, I send them the the links to those to those founda- I cannot accept personally any money from anybody, okay? That's one thing. That's one thing I'm not here. So, people say, "Oh, I want to give you money to do it." No, no, no, I can't. You have to give it to the university. It comes through me through the appropriate channels to support my research through the university. Dr. Thomas Seyfried, thank you so much for your time today and I'm I'm I'm hugely inspired and um enlightened by everything we've discussed and I think there's a bunch of very straightforward practical things I'll be implementing in my life. Specifically buying one of those bloody machines so that I can keep on in my GK index. Yeah, GKI. GKI index. Yeah, glucose ketone index. Well, listen, thank you very much for having me here because your your programs and others um alert people to know that there are alternatives, effective alternatives. And once the system changes, uh the outcomes will not be so bleak as we currently have them today. Isn't this cool? Every single conversation I have here on the Diary of a CEO, at the very end of it, you'll know I ask the guest to leave a question in the Diary of a CEO. And what we've done is we turned every single question written in the Diary of a CEO into these conversation cards that you can play at home. So, you've got every guest we've ever had, their question, and on the back of it, if you scan that QR code, you get to watch the person who answered that question. We're finally revealing all of the questions and the people that answered the question. The brand new version two updated conversation cards are out right now at the conversationcards.com. They sold out twice instantaneously. So, if you are interested in getting hold of some limited edition conversation cards, I really really recommend acting quickly.