TGT/PGT/BPSC TRE 4.0 | देशी रियासतों का एकीकरण | Important Questions..Dr. Jyoti Singh

Hello, welcome to our online. In the previous class we had read about the States Reorganisation Commission. Today let us talk further about the same thing when I told you that tomorrow's class is going to be very important because of how the three princely states merged with India. We will discuss this. That is why today's topic was integration of the country's princely states. What topic was covered? Integration of princely states. Let me tell you again that this class which we are taking on Target with Alok, this class runs continuously at 4:00 pm daily. So we will meet here. After this we will also practice. It is not that after finishing today's class we will not practice again. Why was the State Reorganisation Commission formed when there were so many commissions like Dar Commission, Fazal Ali Commission, JBP Committee ? How was Andhra Pradesh formed, how were all the states formed? We will understand this through practice. But today's class is very important for you which will tell you how those three princely states got themselves unified in the integration of princely states. This entire class is based on NCERT. Therefore, read it very carefully. Make notes because it is not the result of any one class. This is not the contribution of any one class. Then let me remind you what I taught you first. This is the first time I had to remind you to ask the right questions. That means the topic which we had taught, we had told you in the previous class i.e. in tomorrow's class to remind you how to take it forward. I have to keep this topic. So remember, understand how this topic will work. We had discussed with you that there were three princely states which did not merge with India. Even after all this, the merger was not done. So, I had mentioned about those three princely states, Junagadh, Hyderabad and Jammu and Kashmir. Now this simple question has been asked to you many times. How did the Junagadh referendum take place? Correct? How did Hyderabad happen? Meaning, how did the merger of Jammu and Kashmir happen without public opinion? Everyone knows that Junagadh merges with the Union of India by referendum. Hyderabad Polo Campaign Hyderabad Polo Campaign or call it a show of strength or police action, whatever name comes, remember these three, you have to remember one name, whether you call it a Polo Campaign or a show of strength or police action, this will happen. After this, if we talk about the third thing about Jammu and Kashmir, then for Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir merged itself by signing the Instrument of Accession. Ok? I will remember. So what has Jammu and Kashmir done? It has merged into the Union of India by signing the Instrument of Accession. Like yesterday you guys wrote all the classes. You can read it comfortably even today. Prepare it comfortably. You asked me Pari, Ma'am, what is Travancore? What is Travancore, ma'am? Where was it found? The first princely state to declare independence was found in: Ok? Understand Travancore native state, what is it? The first princely state to declare independence instead of merging with the Union of India. After this, gradually everyone started saying that Travancore was situated on the coast of the Arabian Sea. It was a native princely state situated on the coast of the Arabian Sea. Ok? Where was Dravan Kaur? The country was a princely state situated on the coast of the Arabian Sea. Correct. If I say at that time it was especially in Kerala. It was especially prevalent in Kerala at that time. You must have heard the name Trivandrum. It was especially prevalent in Kerala at that time. You must have heard the name Trivandrum. Correct. Travancore If I say Trivendra, okay. Travancore okay if you understand then this is Trivandrum it was called Thiruvananthapuram its capital was what was called Trivandrum that is Trivandrum its capital was Thiruvananthapuram which was also called Trivandrum which was also called Trivandrum. Now you would like to know where is it currently? What is its current status? So this is Kerala and some parts of Tamil Nadu combined. So what is it now? Currently part of Kerala and Tamil Nadu Currently part of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, remember Travancore is very important. Ok? So where will you basically go in Kerala and Tamil Nadu ? Along with Kerala and Tamil Nadu, you should also go to Kanyakumari. You will find its area till Kanyakumari. That means Travancore is going to cover three parts. It is going to cover three parts. So what is it now? Some of its areas are found in Kerala, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. Let's talk about that. Correct? But let us talk about the three most important capitals, that is, the native princely states. If we talk about the three important princely states, let us come to the first princely state. Let us talk about Junagadh. You must have heard the word Saurashtra. Junagadh towards Gujarat. Let's go to Girinar mountain, this is it. It currently covers the Saurashtra part of present-day Gujarat. Correct. Presently [nasal sound] Saurashtra region of Gujarat Presently Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Remember this is very important. What is this? Saurashtra region is presently. Okay brother, let's accept it. This means its condition is old, meaning the fort is being talked about. The south-western region is near the Girnar mountain. Near whom? Girnar Mountain. Junagadh is currently in Gujarat. What does Gujarat have? Girnar Mountain. South western region. It is the south western region of Girnar mountain. Presently it is the south western region of Girnar mountain. Correct? Juna meant for the fort. Junagadh Garh means fort. I mean, what was this? There was a high fort. There was a high fort. And it was successful in every respect. Meaning, if I tell you that raw materials, which you call raw materials, are substances. There were plenty of them. Raw materials. Correct? Resources Natural resources were abundant. It was a strong and wealthy native state that contributed wealth to the British government. Ok? This native princely state was a Hindu majority area. That means you will say that more than 70% of the people here were Hindus. Over 70% were Hindu. The rest were Muslims. Who does this mean is the ruler? So the Nawab is Mahavat Khan. Who is it? Make a note immediately. Make it well. Because you know, I am teaching keeping in mind that if any question is raised then suppose it goes out of my mind like Junagadh X, see what I am doing, I will tell you, now understand like this Anuradha Pari, I will talk about everyone, okay, if suppose Monica, it is like this that I have to teach, I have to study for myself, then it is possible that I may study Junagadh from one end in my own way, but when it comes to mind that suppose let us ask who were the rulers at that time, who were the Diwans, it can be asked because the commission is updated, anything can be asked. So now keeping this in mind, I am also teaching keeping the questions in mind. So you should keep it prepared in the same manner. Ok? Who is the ruler of whom? The ruler of Junagadh was Mahavat Khan. It is a Hindu majority area. Who is the ruler? Mahavat Khan. Who is the Diwan? This Mahavat Khan had his own Diwan. Advisor Shahnawaz Bhutto. This Bhutto family that you see in Pakistan today, these are their four fathers. Correct. So who is the ruler? Mahavat is Khan and who is Diwan? Shahnawaz Bhutto is there. Ok ? Now what was here? When there was talk of unification of princely states, taking three subjects, the rest would be given to you as privy purses. Your highway will be safe. When Patel ji had explained this to them by announcing this method, Patel ji had said that if you merge voluntarily then we will give you so many facilities. But what did Mahavat Khan want anyway? Wanted to be safe. They wanted their own independent existence. So what did Mahavat Khan do ? Mahavat Khan agreed to go alone. But the same thing was coming to his mind. This condition was ingrained in their minds that as mentioned, if any internal situation arises, flood, disaster etc., then they will not allow anyone from their area to come for help , then what will I do? So he said a solution should be found for this. What does Mahavat Khan say? Mahavat Khan says that the strongest solution should be found. Why don't I merge with some state which will come to help me in every way. Now they felt that it would be better for us to merge with Pakistan. It is better for us to merge with Pakistan. What happened now? When the news spread that they wanted to merge with Pakistan, this news gradually spread throughout Junagadh and the Indian government also came to know about it. When the Indian government went and talked to Junagadh, all the people of Junagadh said, as I told earlier that it is a Hindu majority area and what is this because of it being a Hindu majority area, then the people here said that why don't you conduct a referendum, what should you conduct, you conduct a referendum, if you conduct a referendum then what will we do, we will be able to put forward our point, that is, the people were opposing them, the people did not want to go anywhere, we have lived such a life till date, so merging with anyone did not mean migrating away. Merger meant that if we merged with Pakistan, then Pakistan might help us completely externally, which India would not do. Ok ? So with that in mind, what happened? A referendum was conducted. A referendum was conducted among the people. You should think carefully. A referendum was held here. More than 70% are Hindus. Jammu and Kashmir had more than 70% Muslims and Har Singh was the king there. Public opinion there could have been very disturbed. Why could it have happened ? Because the tribal army of Pakistan had come and stood there. So even those who had no existence there could have got votes in the public opinion. Therefore, public opinion here was more positive and more affected. You may say when people demanded then why is Indian Government interested in doing it? Why is the Indian government interfering? People said that this is his personal matter. So the Indian government said if you look at it carefully, you may look at it from a historical perspective. Or you look at it geographically. Or if you look at it from a geographical point of view, either from a historical point of view or from a geographical point of view, by the Government of India, it is worth settling in India and no one should have any objection to it because the security of India is in danger. So on this basis the Indian Government had to take the initiative. Keeping this view in mind, the Government of India conducted a referendum in Junagadh on 20 February 1948. Okay brother. What did you do? Referendum was conducted in Junagadh. Is it clear? Will you remember? 20 February 1948 Junagadh. Now what happened here? In the public opinion, everyone unanimously accepted the acceptance in India. Accepted in India, should I write that supported the merger in India, what did they do in India, supported the merger till 1 November 1956, you will come to know while reading that this Mumbai also came out from here. Meaning, you will understand that the native princely states were so big that two-three of our states easily came under it. It is very important. Meaning you have to know that this is NCERT. This is the base. It tells you that you read so many commissions. So why did this happen? A question has been asked. You will see sometime that the date of referendum has been asked in Junagadh. So remember to tell me the date. Then Junagadh remained a part of Saurashtra till 1 November 1956. Junagadh was a part of which? Junagadh remained a part of Saurashtra until 1 November 1956. Ok ? Whose share was it? Junagadh was a part of Saurashtra. Please remember this. And then Junagadh was a part of which country? Was part of Saurashtra. Ok? Now come to Junagadh, if it is a part of Saurashtra, then Anuradha and Pari Monica, what are you remembering? You had read in the previous class that this native state has become autonomous. That means she knew that it was such a big native state and the king's son would become the king. The king's son will become king. So why should we adopt the Constitution? Why merge with India ? But there is compulsion here. The referendum was held. Junagadh became a part of Saurashtra. Come on brother, what will we do now? Till 1 November 1956, you considered Junagadh as a part of Saurashtra. What happened after that? Come on. In December 1956, What Do You Do ? Making it a part of Bombay. By December 1900 56 What do you do to it? Mumbai was not Mumbai then. Made a part of Mumbai. What did you do? Then it was made a part of Bombay. Where? By December 1956. Correct? Now listen. Now listen to this which became a part of Bombay in December 1956. From 1 November 1956 Junagadh was a part of Saurashtra. Correct. Now what happened after this? Half of it is in Gujarat. Correct? And half of Mumbai is part of Maharashtra. This is that area. Ok? And approximately where? So even today you will find this Saurashtra area of ​​Gujarat which has moved towards Maharashtra. Please remember this. So what is this? Before 1 November 1956, there was a date 20 February 1948. When did the Junagadh referendum take place in India? On 20 February 1948. After this, it is up to the Indian government to decide where to keep it? So what now? There is a mix up left in both these places. Ok? Now let us talk about the merger of Hyderabad. Who are you talking about ? Annexation of Hyderabad. Today let me tell you that the Uttar Pradesh government has its own railway. You will say, Ma'am, how can you teach this subject of the Union List? Let me tell you that Uttar Pradesh government has its own post office. You will say ma'am nothing much is happening. Will you really say it or not Anuradha Pari Monica, what will you say? Can you say Anshu ? Come on brother, tell him. To say that ma'am is a bit much is an exaggeration. Absolutely, but it wasn't for this. If there was any most prosperous native state, it was Hyderabad. Which was the most prosperous princely state? You will say it was Hyderabad. Ok? Now think, prosperity can be known from the fact that at that time everyone was a Nawab and the Nawab of Hyderabad used to call himself Nizam. Nizam Osman Ali Khan used to call himself Nizam. Meaning, he considered himself superior to the Nawab. Ok? So was Mir Osman Ali Khan. Mir Osman Ali Khan was Remember this. So this is the system. What is the speciality of this country state? The speciality of this princely state is that it has its own railway. They have their own post office. No other country or princely state had given as much luxurious life to the British as he did. And the result of this was that whatever Britishers came to Hyderabad, whatever they had, they gave so many concessions to Hyderabad. That was the reason because Hyderabad was the home of polo and the British used to go there and play polo and they were given full support, protection and a luxurious life in Hyderabad. Is it clear? So how is Hyderabad doing? Nizaman Nizam Mir Osman Ali Sahib. Correct. He was the owner of the most prosperous native princely state at that time. And this is how this native state is. Not only this, he also had separate foreign relations with foreign countries. He also had his own separate maritime policy. This was Hyderabad. Ok ? Now listen, when the Indian Government had said, brother, tell me one thing, will Hyderabad Nizam Saheb, will you join the Indian Union? Correct. What did he do? Worked intelligently in the Union of India. Sorry, refused to join the Indian Union. See what work you did with your mind, understand it like this. Refused to join the Indian Union. Immediately refused. Said that we will not be able to attend. What did you do ? Refused. Immediately refused to join the Indian Union. Now when the Indian Government told him that Sir, if any problem arises tomorrow. Ok? Same story. So then remember, do not expect any kind of economic, political or military help from the Indian Government. So when they refused, the Indian government said this. Correct. Now, due to pressure from the Government of India, this is the language of the entire NCERT. It is the entire language of NCERT. My attempt is to tell it in small pieces like a story. When pressure was put on the Indian Government, the Nizam sought permission for one year. What did you ask for? Asked for permission for one year. What did you ask for? Asked for permission for 1 year, please give us permission for one year. Asked what will you do? He said that whatever objectives the Government of India has , whatever [sound of clearing throat] schemes there are, whatever things there are, we will implement them in our Hyderabad and will sit and talk with the people because till now it has not been implemented there. The Indian government felt it was okay. I mean, if the person is saying something genuine then what can we do for one year ? Please give me permission. Please allow 1 year. Here you will get to hear such stories and comments on Noorani's book. Then you will feel that ma'am this is right as if some dialogue is going on in a movie. Meaning, it was going on as if two influential families were fighting and speaking dialogues. It didn't mean there was a movie. But the reality was such that it would make one shudder. What more can such things do to the soul? Meaning, you can say that neither Patel ji was losing in diplomacy nor Jinnah ji was losing in diplomacy. Both men stood as heroes of their respective nations and destiny favoured India again. Let me talk about 14-15 August 1947. Destiny was on India's side. Please understand how I have supported you here also. It is a very important topic. I am trying to make that boring chapter interesting to read. Now he said what will we do? All the schemes of Government of India will be implemented in Hyderabad. Then we will discuss this in Hyderabad. Razakars used to keep it. as you may know. Will implement. So Afridi said that through our Razakar army, we will put pressure on everyone that look, now we have merged with India and we have to go with India, meaning in a way, if we gave a lollipop, then it was okay, the Indian government thought that it was okay, maybe they are saying the right thing, the Indian government gave them exemption as per the one year permission but kept an eye on them, kept an eye on them like a CCTV camera, now what all work has been done by them within one year, Nizam Sahib is asking for help from Pakistan. Put forward my views in UNO. That means they started it. He is presenting his views in the UNO and what he said was that Hyderabad is an independent country, a princely state and under your Independence Act, under the Independence Act of the British Government, I am independent. But the Indian government is interfering in my internal affairs. Correct. Here the matter was getting serious. On the other hand [sound of clearing throat] Patel ji had understood that now he was taking foreign aid. So what did Patel ji do? It is said that he called the Major General and when he called the Major General, he asked G N Chaudhary, tell me one thing, can the sun of India rise in Hyderabad? He said it is absolutely possible. Patel ji said, it is absolutely possible. How diplomatic is it, see, some diplomatic posts under IAS are not there just like that, that you are just given a position and told that you can do one thing, like in USA, states are reformed and pacified by police action, we can also do it, say you can do it, say you can do it, now what happened was that the army was sent to Hyderabad under the leadership of GN Chaudhary. Just think about it, it is said that Patel ji had sent the army to the House so that the work could be done while I was discussing the matter in the House. Correct? The army was sent and when the army went there, there were two big areas of Hyderabad. Mangalore and Babariar were very large areas. The Indian government took over this place. When this matter came up in the UN, the Indian government said that Sir, this is not an interference in anyone's internal matter. The Government of India is carrying out police action to maintain peace as is done in countries with federal systems of governance. So that peace and order is maintained. The UNO had no response in support because this is how a federal system of government works. Brother Bharat said it is a matter of my internal area. If we do not maintain peace and order then how will we create a united India? This is our autonomy too. It's okay brother, the matter of investigation is going on here. Till then remember this is a book by AG Noorani. Please understand this very carefully. Whose book is it? It is a book by AG Noorani. This has been mentioned in the book of AG Noorani. What has been mentioned? He has said that when Patel ji was discussing in the House under this strategy. Was answering questions on GLO's points. At that time Jinnah was saying this at his place. At that time Mohammad Ali Jinnah had commented during a press conference. It is very important because there is proof of it. Noorani's book. Correct. It is said that Mohammad Ali Jinnah, in a press conference, said that if Hyderabad merges with the Indian Union. It means that in a way, by provoking by holding a press conference, I made it clear that Hyderabad, I am with you. If Hyderabad merges with the Indian Union, it will be considered political suicide of Hyderabad. Meaning no one killed him. You yourself became weak. It would be considered political suicide. That is, in a way I considered this state to be the worst and this state was only a lion in show, a paper tiger. It has no existence of its own. Correct? Now listen carefully. When this is said, it is told that the Government of Pakistan should mention it to him and is asking, Sir, please tell me one thing. Correct. Why are you so interested in Hyderabad? Brother, Hyderabad is in the centre of India. Anyway, our intention was to stay in Jammu and Kashmir from the beginning. It is in Jammu and Kashmir. Correct. It is in West Bengal. Why aren't you going there? Now listen carefully. Why aren't you going there ? Why are you saying Hyderabad? Correct. So it is said that on this Jinnah commented that I know that Hyderabad is important for India both historically and geographically. He knew that it was made for India only. This is also true for India from a historical perspective. Correct? And geographically it is in the centre of India. It is very important. Then I am telling you that you have to memorize this fact like an NCERT story. Ok? Now listen. Then Jinnah says that if both the hands of India, East and West Pakistan, that is, go here to Bengal. Correct? Move towards East Bengal. Come to Jammu and Kashmir on the western side. I have talked about both. India can survive even if both its arms, East and West Pakistan [sound of clearing throat], are cut off. That means if you take Jammu and Kashmir, it will be fine. When he said that if you remember, pay attention to the map of India. If you remove the western hand. So assume you will throw me out of here. Correct? If you remove the East, let's say you remove it completely from Bengal, it will still survive. Ok. But Hyderabad is the heart of India. There is heart. I have a heart. And if you remove the heart from a person's body , what will happen to him? It will end on its own. That's why I want to see India finished. Correct? Did you understand? This was a comment from Pakistan in the House. The next day Patel ji commented from here. It is not without reason that you call him a successful leader of diplomacy. If I had not gone to Jammu and Kashmir, there would have been chaos till now. But since he was here, look what he said. He said Hyderabad is the thick cancer of belly, meaning Hyderabad is stomach cancer, he said if I write it down that it will never go away then he said what needs to be done, he said that the entire body will have to be cut and that lesion will have to be removed, if you do not remove that lesion then Hyderabad will destroy the entire body. That means it will destroy the sovereignty of entire India and Hyderabad will never improve. Therefore, if you want to cure it completely, then remove all the wounds in the stomach and throw them away. Leave the stomach torn. Meaning he commented at that time. It is said that the Nizam of Hyderabad was so angry with this that he kept a Razakar army. And he gave orders to the Razakar army. This was called the army of oppression. If someone demanded his rights or justice and the Nizam did not like it, then the Nizam used the Razakars, the army of oppression. What did the Razakars do throughout Hyderabad? Razakar army started creating terror throughout Hyderabad. This question is very important. Ok? Started creating terror. Now what happened? Now in this, when the Indian government openly talked about military action. To help whom? Of the public. Military action was taken by the Indian government. To help whom? The government means to help Hyderabad. It is said that it started here and India's destiny supported it on September 11. Correct? Mohammad Ali Jinnah Sahib died. Just imagine, the Indian government's army is ready here. Mohammad Ali Jinnah Sahib died there. On 11 September 1948. After his death, military action started from here on 13 September. Although let me repeat, you would say that could he have come and entered into internal affairs at that time? Could n't do it. But the diplomacy that was going on was inviting a terrible conflict and war again. And it is said that on 17 September 1948, Hyderabad surrendered to India. Correct. Who was there? So L. Andrews was the commander in chief from there. GL Chaudhary was on my side. So brother, what happened? What did Hyderabad do to India ? Surrendered on 17 September. Ok? On 26 January 1950, Hyderabad was placed in the Part B state. Where was it kept? Placed in a Part B State. On 26 January 1950, Hyderabad was placed in the Part B state. Correct. Then in the coming times, you know that the Seventh Constitutional Amendment took place in 1956. The monarchy of all the states ended. B. Category of State, A. Category of State, C. Category of State, D. Category of State. By eliminating all the categories, the new India that was born consisted of 14 states and six union territories. Now what remains is the merger of Jammu and Kashmir and the states of Part A, B and C. If you don't tell him, it will cause problems. Will you remember till here ? Now look and tell me. Now this is the question that can be asked to you. Of Hyderabad. When it was merged on 26 January 1950 and placed in Part B. Later, the states of Part B and the states of Part C, A and B were abolished. When the monarchy ended, Hyderabad had several regions. It was very big. Where did the Marathwadi region go? Marathwadi region of Hyderabad was included in which of the following? Firstly, this is the question before you. Second is where did the Kannada speaking area go? Very important. Two-three questions have been asked to you regarding this. Correct. The Telugu speaking area is very large. I have told you. Where has the Telugu speaking region gone? So Marathawadi means you will say Maratha it means Bombay [clearing throat] Bombay Kannada speaking Mysore and Telugu speaking Telangana and you know Telangana is an independent state from 2nd June 2014. So this is the story of Hyderabad brother. Correct. Now if we read the Jammu and Kashmir merger letter separately, then more things will become clear. The merger took place after the signing of the merger letter. Rest, I tried to tell you about these two states as best as I could. This is a very important fact. We cannot discriminate against it in any way. I will tell you when you tell me the question. Hyderabad is still left. Then I will tell you the question and then I will tell you that for this, when there was a demand for states on the basis of language, in the integration of such princely states, neither language nor religion nor caste nor sect was being taken into consideration, so other people were scared. South India was becoming more and more agitated and then it became clear that if such big princely states like Hyderabad and Junagadh cease to exist, will our demands be heard? South India will be ablaze on this issue, Potti Shri Romullu will die in December 1952, he will sit on a fast unto death, the state of Andhra Pradesh will be formed on 1 October 1953, there will be many such questions, we will explain through the questions, we will not leave anything out, we will explain everything through the questions, thank you so much, thank you.