Space! The Next Frontier

It is uh top of the hour and so I'm going to start on here and my presentation today uh the third in our fall series is on space the next frontier. I wanted to call it the next frontier because I hope we never run out of frontiers. If we were back in the 1800s, we would not know hardly anything about genetics or evolution or quantum physics or the the fact that the universe is much bigger than the galaxy or almost nothing. Uh it was the dark ages almost in the 1800s. And so um it's amazing. And so just a hundred or so years later, we know all of what we know. But we we found recently of course that we again know hardly anything about 95 or more percent of the universe we know very little about and so uh I smile the moment whenever I learn stuff like that because it means we got lots to learn. Um okay so anyway let me get started on here. So the first thing about um yeah the first thing is how did we get into space? So what did people think about let's see I'm going to I'm going to ask questions and I got to watch my time but I'm going to ask questions. What did we think? Okay, take us back a couple hundred years ago, maybe 250 or whatever or middle ages or whatever. What do we think about space back then? I don't know. You know, go back a thousand years or 2000. I mean, it was all the same up until How do you get your next meal? Oh, yeah. Okay. Well, we still think of ourselves as the center of the universe. Um, yeah. You mean Star Trek was back um 250 years ago? No. Okay. But the big the big thing about uh back then was a we thought of in other words the human species thought of ourselves kind of as a center and then yeah making make the earth central again. Uh oh yeah that no I'm I'm talking about the six00s not necessarily the 60s. Okay so on the left side is is a contemporary illustration of long ago and they basically said if you said let's go into space they'd go what are you talking about? In other words the concept wasn't even there. You have the earth. You have basically above it is this layer of fire because obviously that's what you feel the like with the sun and stuff and because um fire rises and all that. I mean I don't have to go into the philosophy but the idea and then you've got the stars which obviously weren't made by people so were made by supernatural beings and they were controlled their motion was controlled by supernatural beings. And then of course you had the stars and then you had the supernatural beings at the top which whichever supernatural beings you wanted to believe and or it was kind of a mechanistic type of world over on the right. Actually the one on the right is an illustration made in the 1800s uh about what they thought that the middle age people in the middle age thought about. In other words, they were doing the same thing we're doing now which is conjecturing about what people thought about space. Okay. So anyway, the idea of going into space was not even imaginable, so to speak, because it was not our realm. It was a realm of the gods. Okay. But long about Oh, hundreds of years ago. Yeah. Beyond the stars. So long about hundreds of years ago, you started having people that uh were able to fashion clear glass. By the way, clear glass was, anybody want to look it up, but you know, look up when clear glass uh was and lenses and stuff were even invented. But you have Galileo's telescope up on the upper left. And anyone recognize any of the other ones? I'd like to get some feedback if we have time. Palomar indeed. That's the one that uh I read about when I was a kid. The 200 inch Ho observatory, Palomar. What about the one on the lower left? By the way, I have a full scale copy of that that came from uh the Illusian Islands back, the ones that Nature Publishing had. And they said, and the same thing with the um Darwin or the Beagle, the ship that Darwin went on that's in the thinks. I have that. It's just that I have no place to res it. And then anybody recognize the one on the bottom right? Well, I'm blocking the screen because I was told to stand here because or move around or something because otherwise it's boring. So, I guess I'll move around and and go like this. Blah blah blah blah blah. Okay. Um, well, it is this is colonial times. This is Hershel's telescope. And Hershel, Anybody know what Hershel's Uh I could um if you want I can raise the screen uh if you're not distracted by the columns behind it. So I'll raise the screen up a little bit. Here we go. Although I'll be still be standing here. Let's see. There. How about there? Good. Yeah, better. Okay. So, anyway, um yes, that is colonial times. You can see by their their outfits here, except that their hats are a little it's not thericolor hat or trier hat. So, it's a little bit later, but this is like early 1800s. This is William Hershel saying William Hershel was the one that found Neptune. In other words, another planet. Oh my goodness. Up until then, they only knew about the planets that you could see with your eyes uh without telescope. And so, anybody know what this thing is over here? And I'm going to keep moving on in the slides. Anybody recognize that? If you don't, you probably don't because this is a brand new telescope that just came online. Um it does look like a bit like the James Web, but this is on Earth. This is down in Chile. This is the by far the largest telescope. It's it's I look up Ver Rubin's look up this telescope. This is by far the largest m the largest camera and telescope in the world by many many times like many like compared to the 200 inch oh Uranus. Okay. Whichever one of those planets out there that we don't know about. So all of a sudden and Sizzy would know uh because he's a retired astrophysicist, radio astronomer type person and all that good stuff. Okay. Okay. And what they found out there, of course, this is actually a photo from that new an un retouched. Yeah. 1803. Um was Hersel in a previous life? Absolutely. Okay. So, and I'm I was Bug's Bunny. I don't know. Um, so anyway, this is what this is an unrehearsed un un excuse me, untouched photo of part of the Virgo cluster that was taken by that new telescope. And it's obviously to tell that there is not space is not empty and this is only the visible part. So you'd have to look Yeah. Oh, it is. It's gorgeous. So you'd have to look at the um Oh, did it? Okay, good. So, you'd have to look all Yes, the little swirls are all galaxies. The fuzzy things are all galaxies. Anything except it's all fuzzy because I I enlarged. So, even these these are stars in the Milky Way and all of the other ones are galaxies. Ain't that cool? Uh yeah. Any case, this is okay for you guys, this is a JPEG image that's been enlarged. And if you know anything about um images, that's why it's fuzzy. It wasn't fuzzy in the telescope. That or you need to check your glasses. No, I'm kidding. Okay, so the Okay, next. So, yeah, PNG would be clear. So would bit map, all that good stuff like that. If anybody even actually uses bit map. Okay. So now if we want to if we want to well it's the idea of lossless versus lossy um imaging. Uh but that would take longer to explain some of that stuff. Okay. So anyway, how do you get to space once they realize, wow, there's lots out there. And oh by the way, it's not just um ether and realm of the gods, not rockets. Yes. Okay. But in order to get you had to have rockets that could contain enough fuel that could be pressurized so they don't go kaboom that would send that rocket equation there. This is called the rocket equation that basically says you got to have enough oomph to uh be able to get into orbit. And then somebody way back when, and this could have been the Galileo Times, basically said, "You know, if I'm on a really high mountain and I've got a serious cannon, Yep. cannon. If I've got a serious cannon and I shoot it, by the way, there used to be a cool ride that you could take in Second Life that illustrated this and you'd be going around this big globe. Okay? If you if if you shot it fast enough, okay, so if I shot this thing, it's going to land like anything like bullets going to land on Earth. But if I shot it fast enough, it would try to fall, but it would be going too fast. Namely, uh what is it in um kilometers per hour, but it's basically 17,500 miles per hour? Yeah, that Oh, Newton's cannonball. Perfect. Okay. Newton. Uh anyone know what this one is? The one right above my avatar that I'm staring at. Sputnik. Yes. Which means satellite in Russian. Okay. Sputnik. Uh, anyone know what's the one above it? Uh, well, okay, it could be, but that's the Malfier brothers in the late 1700s. Um, that was the very first balloon launch. In other words, if you're going to go into space, you got to get up in the air to begin with. And so, that was the very first time anyone got up in the air short of falling off a mountain or something. Um and actually you know led to tell about it etc. And then later on Jules Vern was quite a ways beyond that. Uh yeah just before they tell us very good uh okay and then this one over here is a V2 rocket what they Germans called it A4 and it was actually the first rocket that went into space or the first object that actually really went into space. Uh okay actually uh the answer is yes and no. In other words, the idea what I'm not sure what flowed or moved but the idea is that there was a a static theory. Uh uh s I need you George Gau was one adherent to one theory and then there was the uh big bang which was actually a derogatory term for the other theory >> and watch says he'll put stuff in in the uh >> I can I can >> okay >> I'll address that with my uh with with voice if people can hear me okay um >> okay >> yeah I mean competing theories were developed in the 20th century but before that it was believed that the entire universe was basically static and that's what Einstein thought when he was developing his theory of general relativity which seemed to suggest that the universe would be expanding or contracting. So he put in his his uh uh his lambda to which is supposed to be an anti-gravitational force that would prevent the universe from collapsing which he called his greatest which turns out to be more or less true apparently but um the idea before Einstein's work was that the universe was basically static. Yeah. Okay. So we we could have what what I like about some of this stuff is um is now known as So what what I like about a lot of this stuff is that we could literally have a presentation on any one of these slides or any one of these concepts. I mean it's quite uh interesting and let's see I may just um I need to stand somewhere where I don't look like I'm fidgeting. Okay, for the moment. Okay. So now the first um with Sputnik the Soviets Yeah. Well, they are uh with uh the Soviets launching Sputnik, they proved that yes, you could get something into orbit. Boundless um is probably a yeah, good term. And so you could get something into orbit. And then the space race began between the United States and Soviets basically because if you could get a little satellite into orbit, you could probably get a nuclear weapon in satellite and then it could come down someplace which is still the issue today and go kaboom and nobody could stop you. And so there's a space race which was partly uh because they wanted to prove yeah our system is better than your system um of everything. And so there was this uh space race back in the 60s. Okay. And cute hope. Yay. Okay. Now, what Hope has learned, she took a class on it in Second Life, and what she's learned is how do you use AI to take any image and make it a 3D image? Um, and anyone recognize that? Yeah. the lunar lander, the one that's uh you see um up at the middle top there is the landers from the Apollo uh missions. Uh it's a little it looks like a little bit worse for wear. Um but it's a good faximile that people recognize during the um Yeah, it crashed. Exactly. Okay. And then later and uh you can you can take that back into storage there. Perfect. Okay. Be looking for some more. Um does anyone by the way? Okay. This is a this is the space station before the International Space Station. Most people don't may not remember or recognize that the Soviet Union had a nice space station that was built uh mere uh meaning peace. Um and they brought a lot of people on board from different countries. These are some of the people that visited the Mir space station. And this was back in the 90s before the International Space Station was launched in 98. Okay, just thought I'd uh point that out. In other words, uh space is an international uh place. Okay. So, but let's then take a look at um where we are now, so to speak. And what's in space now? Yeah, exactly. Says, and well, yeah, when you Yeah, de-orbit. Speaking of de-orbiting, what is that? Whoa, that's not that. Okay. So anyway, if you take a look at one of the reasons I'm doing this presentation today is because we are in this new era of uh space launches. So if you look at the number of launches and you can take a look at the bottom about which ones succeeded and failed and planned and all that stuff, but we're in kind of this new era of space launches. A lot of stuff going on right now. You can see some of the milestones and the blue ones are ones with crews in it and the other ones are to other places, asteroids and common uh comets and beyond Mars and interstellar space and Titan and all of that good stuff like that. And so let's take a look at uh and that's part of the reason I'm presenting this because you may not be aware that we're kind of in the new uh era of space exploration. So, this is one of the vehicles or whatever that's in orbit now. And this actually started, if you look at the opposite side there, I believe it's the opposite side. This actually started with the Mir space station. They took a the very first module of the international space station was the main module from the MIR space station and that this is actually divided into two pl into two parts. There's a Russian side and a um American side with and when I say American I mean ESA and Jackson all kinds of different places. In other words, there's as many people that have gone up here from different countries as on the Mir. But uh of course what predominates on here is you see the solar panels and this has about the pressurized space of about six buses. So it gives you a little bit idea of what it is. Okay. So what else is out in space that's pretty good size that's much newer than this. By the way, speaking of de-orbiting, this is supposed to come down like in a few years, which would be scary. What else should we be seeing up in uh in orbit? A Tesla car. Okay. There is a there is Elon Musk's Tesla. It's not a Tesla. It was a Roadster. Uh but it does have an orbit that goes slightly out beyond Mars and then comes back in. Okay. The Tien Gong. And if you if you happen to know Chinese, which I don't, uh please pronounce that properly. Um a roadster. Yeah, this little red roster with a a a person in a space Well, not a person, but a space suit in there. Okay, so this is the other space station. It's not huge. This is no bigger than like the mere one. In other words, it's about a fifth the size of ISS, but it's much newer and it's supposed to when the International Space Station comes down, this will be it. This will be every this will be all we have in space unless we go to the moon. And this is not a photo. Okay. So, let's take a look at why go to space. Anybody want to write some stuff about why go to space? In other words, that that seems to be the primary pe uh question for people that don't want to go to space is why go to space? It's there. Okay. Well, that's true. Is uh it's there and that and we're human. Um tourism Okay, why not uh tourism uh to learn to learn what all kinds of stuff like that. So, yep, tourism. In other words, tourism sales uh research is one of them. These are some of the types of things which they do on the International Space Station. If you look on the right, does anybody recognize that module there? What's what's the weird thing kind of weird thing about the one on the upper right that that's um one from uh the Japanese space agency. What do you think they study there? Yes, in some cases some have docking stations but you notice that is out in outer space. There is no cover around that so to speak. In other words, those are those are uh experiments in the vacuum of space in Earth orbit. It's not pressurized. Uh well, Belle, that's what uh some of the main uh points are, but lots of different uh things that we can't do on Earth. Uh for example, one of the things that they found about let me one of the things punitive one of the things that uh they found about um space is cancer cells grow um really really quickly. So they can essentially go through lots of generations of cancer cells and and stuff like that so that they can come up with medical medical and other types of and genetic tag help me out here. Okay. Yeah. Okay. So in other words, uh space is a good place for studying um um cures for cancer, that sort of stuff. And also effects of radiation. Also, it's like the best view of Earth ever. And you can see stuff that you can't see about uh storms and climate changes and everything else. Yes, if we can learn other life, etc. Okay. So this is uh a view inside the international space station. The you can see some of the the Zarya one up at the upper level up upper left was from the Mir space station. It was the first module and you can see some of these other type you could see some of these other now by the way you'll notice that in the center first of all it's restricted by the size of the rocket. In other words, everything will be restricted to the to the width of a rocket until you can build it on the moon or out in space. And so you'll notice that uh the areas all kind of look squarish like that. In other words, the habitable space is there in the middle about 4 meters across. And then the other areas, I think it's very clever. The other areas then are where you can store stuff, where you can put um experiments, where you can provide extra shielding against radiation. I mean, I think it's a very clever uh design. Okay. So, optimistically, the other reasons for being out in space are to give people incentive. It's a challenge. You can see role models going, "Wow, I wish I were an astronaut." Uh, it you can encourage youth. We got we have to get our youth to learn science, to understand that it's a universal thing. Politics and money aren't the only things that rule the world. and to then apply some of the types of things we learn in space to uh human endeavors and then also global partnerships and applying diversity of thinking. One place where diversity of thinking to solve complex problems uh is well could be tag is important. If everybody thought the same we wouldn't get anywhere. Okay, so imagine living in space. Well, people have 2001 Space Odyssey, if anyone's old enough to actually remember that. Um, I love that movie. That was really, really good movie. Notice that they were a little optimistic about 2001. But you've got the you've got the space station, rotating space stations and vehicles. You I I have too. I've recently watched it and I thought, "Wow, that is pretty neat." And except for like the 70s colors and furniture, it was really cool. Also, uh, well, let's see. I actually have what this is, but anyone know about the Gateway Lunar Space Station and what its current status is? Okay, this is what they were planning to launch into it in in in modules. It actually made up what was called the PPE, the power propulsion um module or whatever. And yeah, okay. Uh that I think that's really funny, but let's uh try not to uh politicize anything. Although I think that's really funny. Okay. Um no, but because they're way because the we're way behind on the time. Yeah, it's okay. Uh we're way behind on the time is they decided to oh, let's say put this on hold indefinitely, if not cancel. uh because they want to land there and they need to get Okay, no more politics, please. Okay. Um but anyway, this is what they were going to put in in orbit and the Orion spacecraft was going to go dock with this thing and then get in the little lunar lander and go down and um land on the moon after they watched a movie and, you know, had a good night's sleep and whatever. In other words, this was supposed to be in um land. Okay. Yay. Speaking of which, oh no, I put the wrong one. I put USS. Sorry. Sorry. Sorry. I had gotten rid of that USS because it's not USS. It's United. It's like space. Whatever. I thought I'd uh uh But anyway, I'm re-watching this series because I think it's one of the last intelligence Star Treks. Um anyways, yeah. Okay. But in other words, people have imagined going to space for a while. But what is the next phase? We've got the Tien Gong space station. We have what what happened recently? Okay. Uh, that's going to be Well, Shiloh, that is the You need to join our Moonbase group or uh at least um what I'll do is I'll give you an update of what we're doing. How about that? I give you an update of what we're doing on the moonbased group because we've addressed all of these questions for years now and we've got some really good uh answers to types of uh questions what you're asking. So in any case, what is the next phase? Well, the next phase is if you look at what's going on, you've got China's missions, you've got India, uh lots of different um um groups that have not very many actually that have landed on the moon. The last one in one from India there that soft landed in its south pole and the one from Japan that did the most precise landing that we have had to date that had a rover. Yes, we've been discussing all that good stuff like that. Okay, but let me point out a couple of the bits. They've got the European Space Agency has had um is the leader in commercial space launch launches and you've got Canada and you've got Russia and you've got Korea and you've got United Emirates and then the private sector. Now the private sector, you just mentioned SpaceX. private sector is the SpaceX part. In other words, it's the different I did mention India. In fact, let me back that up a second. India down at the bottom there, the ISRO that uh landed. But well, catch me on stuff like that. If I don't mention stuff that I should, then let me let me make sure. Okay. And then you have the private uh sector which not is you've got companies from smaller nations as well as the here. Okay. So here's here's the individual missions. Now, this is, if anyone knows what a cubat is, up on the upper left, it shows a ring, an abductation ring that on the top of it can have a spacecraft. On the bottom would be the rocket, but in between there, you can literally put 10 or 12 of these little uh satellites. Our Artemis one, for example, launched 10 of these little cube sets. They're about 10 centimeters or less. They're tiny little things, very light, but they only cost something like $100,000 US or a little bit more, whatever, probably with inflation more than that now. But in other words, you you can have private companies, you can have universities, you can have lots of different people sending little things up into space which all have their own missions. I think it's cool that that yeah, Cubats are doing some fantastic things. We may actually have to have a presentation on cubats just alone because there are some really cool uh cubat things that are going on. Okay. But in general the big billion multi-billion dollar efforts are basically moonrays 2. And so let's take a look then in the next decade or so what we've got going on. Well, one is the Aremis program, which the Artemis Accords I wanted to throw up there because essentially it's kind of like back in the 60s and 70s where they came up with treaties and they go, okay, for people going to the moon, it's kind of like maybe going to Antarctica. In other words, thou shalt not, etc. In other words, lots of different rules that people could come up with that said, "We're going to treat the moon better than we treated um yeah, better than we treated the earth." And so, let's take a look essentially at what some of that is. First of all, these are part of the accords. So, the idea and you've got a lot of nations as you see the flags on the on the last one here. See all the flags and there's more. And so, the idea is okay, let's do it in peace. No space weapons. Nobody say anything. No political just concept. I know you're I know you're tempted to say space weapons. Okay. No, but peaceful activities. Transparency. Yeah. Uh transparency, in other words, hey, we're going to go do this. Nobody say anything. Transparency doesn't see whatever. Interoperability, in other words, I should be able to Anybody watch the movie Gravity? I should be able to dock uh if there's an emergency perhaps at the Chinese spacecraft or the international spacecraft or whatever that sort of thing. Emergency assistance uh see above registration of space objects. No secretive whatevers. Share scientific data. Uh protect heritage. Don't go putting graffiti on the Apollo 11 site. Um, no vandalism of what's there. Um, deconlict activities, no interfering with other stuff, and don't shoot down your own satellites just to see what happens because then you put thousands of little objects in orbit. Yeah. Gravity. In other words, after the movie Gravity, it'd be very hard to launch anything into somewhat of an equatorial orbit or the orbit that the International Space Station or whatever was following at the time. Okay, so here's here are the Artemis missions. Now, despite all the hype, the only thing we've actually done, which is actually quite significant, is we sent an air we sent a spacecraft up around the moon and it came back and landed safely. And then we sent another one up with people in it and it came back and landed safely. Um, that's the state of the practice. There's all kinds of stuff. You'll hear people going, "Ah, we're going to need 20 missions to the moon this month, this year, and stuff." And I'm going, "Okay, I'll believe it when I see it." But this is what is actually been done. You what you may not know, and here I put Artemis. This was going to be Artemis 3. Uh I don't know when we're going to land on the moon, but essentially uh it's going to be a little different than the Apollo one. We'll see. So now the Chinese program, has anyone been following the Chinese program? They started uh well before the Aremis program. They had probably a 15 years head start on it. These are some of the images from there. Oh. Um yes. Uh thank you, Hope. Could you put out one of the the appropriate model for this one? getting carried away. Yay. Okay, what do we see? What does this look like for everybody? There you go. Yeah, there you go. Okay, so what you have here is you've got the spacecraft. Now, this is obviously a model because I couldn't fit in this thing. So, uh, this is actually about five meters across and it was home for four astronauts for it was home for four astronauts. Um, well, it looks a bit like Apollo thing with solar panels, but you'll notice on the Apollo one, what you actually had was you had this front piece right here without the solar panels, but also without the there was a larger piece in back. That's the European Space Agency support module, which is much more sophisticated. It's smaller, much more sophisticated than the one in the Apollo. This one also uses solar power. The other thing, this is larger. It has four astronauts instead of three. Uh it half of it wasn't taken up by old analog com uh computer stuff. So they had much more room. They could take out their seats. They actually had a toilet. Um I mean it's amazing. It it was way way way more complex and user friendly than the other ones. But this is a nice little model of what we're doing with the or what they're doing with the Artemis program. Thank you, Hope, for reminding me. I don't have the script up there. Okay. So, well, Apollo was amazing because even the Apollo astronauts who were all test pilots essentially, even the Apollo and also they were in their 20s when they started training and in their 30s when they went to the moon. Anybody know how old the Aremis astronauts were on an Artemis 2? Yeah, exactly. 50s or close to it. And so much much different. And they weren't all test pilots. Two of them were, but the other people, but they also didn't just draw a lottery on the street and throw somebody in there. They're all extremely qualified people. You probably could. Okay. So, um this is the art. Now, one thing about this the Chinese program is every one of their missions has succeeded pretty much. Yeah. Every one of their missions has uh succeeded and they the last one went is going to let's see uh number seven uh should be out and what they're going to do is they're going to land near the South Pole as close as they can get. They have an orbiter. They're going to check for ice uh little satellite lander drone. I mean, lots of good stuff like that. And every one of their missions has succeeded. And so, let's see who lands on the moon first, you know. I'm not sure I'd do any um bedding on stuff like that. Okay, here's a nice photo of the lunar area. The colors are elevation. They're not vegetation or something. Um, but the south pole air the south polear area is very very rough in elevations and you've got the very highest and very lowest points on the entire moon. The little pink spots are some of the places. Yeah, I thought so too. The little pink spots are where they're thinking of landing because it's scientifically interesting. Okay. So, now let's take a look at some of this. And uh we're almost there. Hope. Hang on a second. We're getting there. Okay. This is actually uh created by or or at least a friend of mine from high school uh worked with Buzz Aldrin and a bunch of other people to create a visual. This is uh you can obviously see that it's really big visual. This is from 1989. So kind of like the 2001 movie. They were expecting that by the time we're say here that would already be on Mars and all of that stuff like that, which of course we aren't. Um, so things have slowed down quite considerably, but this is going into many many many almost all the different types of things and technologies that you would have to create to be um doing all this stuff. Okay, in our moonbased group, I'm just, you know, this is um shameless advertising. Uh we meet every Monday at 10:00 a.m. Second lifetime. But anyway, we have been looking at all the different types of things that we could think of. And our moonbase group is envisioning what would a moon base look like in 50 years, not next decade or so. And this is that's version two. We're kind of like on version five now. So I won't spoil anything, but that's um part of And by the way, that is a full scale. We we built a fullscale model of that. You can visit it. We it was one of many things that we had in the virtual world's best practice education a couple years ago. Okay. And maybe go to Mars. We'll see. That's kind of where people are headed. Even if they go to the moon, what they really are talking about is going to Mars. So now I want to show you some interesting things. Because we're human. In other words, why would we go to the moon or any of this stuff? Or um because we're human. In fact, what did um without mentioning names, the what was the incentive for the Americans during the first space raids to further scientific project pro progress? Well, no. Uh it wasn't even competition. Uh okay I will mention one name. What did the president? Well, it kind of came to a competition, but the Soviets uh basically started it first with Sputnik and first person on the moon, first woman on the moon, first everything. First uh spacew walk, first lots of firsts is okay. But what was the what did the president of the United States say? Why are we going to the moon? Because it's hard. Oh, good. sumo. I was hoping somebody would re remember that it wasn't money. It wasn't uh competition. It wasn't all that. Yeah. Good. Because it's hard. It's a challenge. Let's show that. In that case, of course, it was kind of the uh competition because in other words, by going to the moon, it was because it was hard because we if we prove that our system works and our scientists and everything associated with it and our money and all all that, then it would prove in theory, you know, our system works better than the other. Uh, okay. But do you know why the actually the Soviets didn't get to the moon? What was the primary reason? No. Well, I'm kidding. Okay. Well, which part? It was the It was the rocket. They had a nice rocket. It was called N1 and it looked a lot like uh SpaceX. Uh the the big rocket that SpaceX Well, it blew up because they didn't have computer systems like it did. The SpaceX ones I don't know what their big super heavy booster thing has what 31 different nozzles or whatever. Well, the N1 had something similar and they didn't have computers back in those days. Yeah, 32. And they they didn't have computers back in those days to be able to control all of them and all that stuff like that. So it just didn't work. This the Saturn 5 rocket had five nozzles, big ones. And that was somewhat except for some political stuff going on. That was somewhat the main reason why that they didn't get to the moon. Okay, now before this I need to have Hope help me with this. Well, our rockets blew up a lot. Hey. Okay. Anybody recognize this one? Yeah. Okay. Lunar lander except that it looks a lot like the one from one of the companies. Okay. Everybody may re realize that the next Artemis is going to do what? The next Artemis Artemis 3 was or the Artemis R to was supposed to do what? Land. Okay. No. What happened during the Apollo thing? In the Apollo mission, what what h Okay, let's do some real quick history because I have a little time. What did Apollo 8 do for anyone that either knows their history or that remembers it? I remember it quite well. Thank you. I was in high school. Uh yeah, there you go. Katcha has the more detailed answer. Definitely tested their technology. They went around the moon. the Apollo astronaut the actual and the reason they did it in December of 1968 was they were afraid that the Soviets would beat him to the moon. In fact, the Soviets actually, this is kind of funny, if you actually look at the details of Apollo 8, the Soviets played a trick. And what they did was they sent a little craft or whatever toward the moon and it had a recording uh much like as if they had landed on the moon. There was It was actually very funny. I thought um and this and the Americans going, "Oh, no, they landed on the moon." And no, actually they didn't, but it was a funny little trick that the Soviets had played on uh the US. Um but Apollo 8 went around the moon much like Artemis 2 did just recently. remember we well you know but it's it's it's in the fun of of life and death uh humor. Okay. What what did they do? Now this is this is not just history lesson whatever. What did Apollo 9 do? We don't remember Apollo 9. Uh isn't that neat? Okay, Belle, let me address that. I've got I'm watching my time here. How did this is made by hope. How did Hope make this? Okay. Okay. The I don't know. Okay. I didn't know either. And I was stunned. This was made in a short period of time, not from prim but from two different AI programs where she took a photo of this is this looks a bit like the competitor to SpaceX and two AI programs and made this. Now, if you look really closely, you'll see some of the flaws. But if you don't look very closely, you can create Yeah, I know, Max. Isn't that a wow? Well, watch this. Watch what comes next is. So, this is without the lunar. There is no uh landing pad. But uh this is one of the two models that for Artemis 3 that they're hoping will be ready to hook up with the Orion spacecraft in orbit. By the way, this is exactly what happened with Apollo 9. Apollo 9 went up in orbit, hooked up with the lunar lander so that they knew that they could do it uh and all of that good stuff before they got to the moon and go, "Oops, we can't hook up." It was a docking test. Well, that's exactly what Artemis 3 will do next year. Hopefully in the spring. We'll see. And that all depends on whether this thing actually is a reality or the space SpaceX one is an actual reality or any of that. Uh, okay. And then this one, if it is, then what happens perhaps the next year or whatever after that with Aremis 4? Uh well, you have to be able to do spacew walks, etc. Uh in case you need to mess with stuff or repair stuff or whatever. In other words, the the Artemis 3 is going to be a very complicated uh mission, but it's all going to be in Earth orbit. So, Artemis 4 in Apollo 9. Yes, exactly. Okay. Um I'll explain this one in a second, but the idea Apollo 9 was Yes. Okay. except Bill is then that what happened with Apollo 10 in other words what what um there is some incentive from people who I won't mention that okay there is some incentive of people that I won't mention about landing before 2028 which isn't going to happen yes okay Jeff exactly so Apollo So what happened with Apollo 8 is it was the first time humans had left h earth orbit and even the astronauts only gave it a 50/50 chance of coming back alive but they didn't say that in person. So they went up went around the moon in what was called a uh what what's the um uh says help me out what is the trajectory called for like you don't have to change any thing about it. In other words, it's the same one that Artemis 4 or Artemis 2 used. It's basically a trajectory where it free free return uh trajectory. Okay. Um actually, Sumo, the Apollo, the Apollo ones that landed on the moon were all color. It's just that they couldn't broadcasted in color. Too much bandwidth that I know of. In other words, you can actually find photos online of of the Apollo ones in perfect color. It's just that they couldn't bandwidth. Uh so, okay, real quick because I want to get on to these ones here. In other words, what's happening next is Apollo 8 went around the moon just to prove that they could. Apollo 9 practiced everything that they needed to do at the moon short of actually landing. Apollo 10 did the same and they came within 50 miles of the surface. And the and the astronauts were going, "Look at how close we are. Uh, could we land?" No, they couldn't because they didn't have the fuel. They didn't have the food. They didn't have the everything else that they needed. And then Apollo 11 landed and stuff like that. So this So what what we showed earlier, what hope showed earlier was essentially the end of the um say 2020s. By the way, China is going to try to land on the moon around 2030. Yeah, I know. But katcha, you just have to think of it as as being um something you do to prove that the next group won't fail. So, so well it okay whether whether it's China or the Artemis group and why I'm saying Artemis group is Artemis is not just NASA it's it's lots of other nations all contributing to it but the China lunar ex exploration program is they are planning to land around 2030 or thereabouts. Okay. So the um yeah remember talk is cheap. Okay. Um I you know show me. Okay. So the the lander that we had before this one was the first type of lander that would land and they would be there for two weeks. Four people not doing a whole lot. This one is can does anyone recognize this? This was designed back around 2021. Yes. Okay. and in it's it's the first moon base. This is in the 2030s. It's it's definitely a scale model. The it's definitely a scale model because I can't fit in that door. This is much much bigger. Look at this and figure maybe three times the size is the is the real size. Okay. I actually have for the Moonbase group, by the way. I almost gave it away. Never mind. Okay. Um yeah, exactly. There you go. With a tiny avatar. Exactly. Okay. So, this is called I'm watching my time. I will finish on the hour. This is called the Aremis Base Camp or ABC. It has three stories or levels. That small level on the bottom there is where you have um airlock takes up about half of that. You've got your space suits. You've got the uh so-called dirty experiments. That's kind of the work area. The ones above that are the living quarters and uh the sleeping quarters on top and all that good stuff like that. They actually have They actually have models, so to speak, of this now, which they're testing crews out for as long as a year. The first one's going to start next year uh to for the them to be inside the thing for a year, uh simulating a trip to an asteroid or Mars or whatever if you could actually get to Mars in a year. Now, oh yeah, very chic. Okay. So now this is a pressurized rover. So what they're going to do and this is also a model. It's bigger. Excellent, Arian. Okay. U so this is a this is a pressurized rover. So what they're going to do is about two there's going to be four astronauts. Two of them are going to spend time in here for up upwards of of uh for a total of about a month or so. And then two of them are going to be in the rover um looking around the moon tens of kilometers maybe 100 kilometers away from the Aremis base camp and they're both going to maintain uh comms with each other and all that good stuff like that and that's going to be in say the 2030s uh what we'll see. Okay. Uh hope if you'll take back those and put the next one up. We have about four minutes here. All except Arian. Arian can hang around there because hey Arian, you can hang around. Okay, this is of course a scale model of the one that they're talking about perhaps in say the 2040s, maybe 2050s depending on how sophisticated. But this you can see that this is made of multiple models. By this time people will have learned how to do 3D printing will have learned how to uh put small nuclear reactors like what we have the little micronuclear reactors or other power plants and stuff. So this will be more or less not self- sustaining but essentially a permanent moon base. Now, in our in our Moonbase Seni project, we're looking 50 years in the future. And so, I think I'll give a presentation on that. But, um, for the people that come every Monday, I think you'll have a very pleasant surprise on Monday. Um, Hope and I have been working on this all week and I think you'll have a very pleasant surprise about uh what we're going to be doing for Monday. They can do more. Well, you're right. They they can. Uh I it my smartwatch would have been a absolute um miracle essentially in say the 18 1980s or 90s for that matter. Okay. Yeah. So Arian, there you go. You got to get a little tiny. Ah, there you go, Arian. Yeah. Okay. You can see how much of a scale model is is based on what Arian's doing. That's very funny, Arian. I love it. Okay. Uh, Hope, you can take this one. Thank you. So, now we've kind of projected from the 2020s through the 2030s, 40s, possibly into the 50s having permanent moon bases and all that good stuff. and then speculating into even beyond that with our Moonbased Seleni group. And why and why do we do it? Well, because it's there because we're human. Okay, that's that's the main reason. And because it's fun and because it's international and we're learning stuff and and and Earth is not but it's not it's the next frontier. It's not the last frontier because we know less about this surface of or the the bottom of the ocean than we do mar uh than we do Mars or the moon. Okay. So, it's definitely not the last frontier. And I don't think I'd ever like to be at a situation where it's the last frontier. Would you? Okay. And we have the space to do it. Haha. I was wondering when you'd you you'd come up with a win at this says. Okay. And we're we're we're within a minute of the hour. Any comments, questions, etc. I like to keep within the hour because people are working. You poor slobs. I'm retired. Sorry. Oh, thank you. Well, I hope you find the information interesting. Not everybody knows that there's there's more stuff going on than what you see in the news.