Social and Economic Justice Work: Our Banking Landscape in San Francisco

Thank you very much Jonathan. Um just want to start by thanking all of you um friends and allies for joining particular around this topic. It's a collective effort, something that impacts all of our lives and those we help. So again, thank you for taking the time um and also um reflecting on the fact that there's so much going on in the world in our personal lives. So again, uh sending everyone positive energy um and to the world, right? Everything that's going on. So I just want to keep that in mind um as we we navigate today. Um the way I see this is more of a conversation um less than me just presenting. So I will pause as Jonathan said, take some questions and um we'll kind of navigate through that. Um I want to give a special thanks to to Eve Ramon and Jonathan for bringing us together. This has been something we've been talking about for some time. Um, and Jonathan for mcing, you know, today helping us navigate through the technical piece and so on. Um, before I move into the slides and introduction, today really it's it's a time to kind of take look a look back at historical practices that have affected our communities. um uh practices that have led to banking exclusion and the current landscape. Um there will be topics that are heavy um such as you know race and discrim or discrimination um in that was very uh what's the word I'm looking for? Intentional, you know, uh we're going to talk about perhaps some of the other social challenges that are coming up in our communities. So again, um trying to be mindful of the safe space we're in. Um, should anyone have any questions that you want to ask me offline, I will share my communicate, my contact information, and I'm always happy to talk more with you. All right, so let me share my screen. All right, so I'm going to ask Jonathan, is it showing? >> Looks good. >> All right, looks good. Perfect. So, welcome Beneos to um to today's financial banking capability workshop series. Um, our focus again is on social and economic justice, our banking landscape in San Francisco. So, my name is Eric Denorio. I was born and raised in the Mission District right off 22nd in Folsam back in the 80s. My parents migrated from El Salvador during the Civil War. Um, luckily I'm still a San Francisco resident. We know that becomes harder nowadays, but I still live here. I'm now in the Outer Mission. um but born and raised. I have 25 plus years in the financial service industry and around 10 years working in nonprofits or with nonprofit based uh community based organizations. Um I'm currently I I wear a couple hats. I'm the vice president regional manager for the what's called the central Bay Area with Self-Help Federal Credit Union. I'm responsible for the San Francisco branch, San Jose, and Oakland. I'm also the founder and executive director of a very small organization called RISE which is centered around financial capability and economic justice. Uh my background is in sociology, community activism, financial capability work and I'm currently working to become a professor uh with the aim to teach a finap course to high school and college students. I think that's long overdue and we need it. Um I am a student of San Francisco State as well. So, if there's any gators here, um, hello. And, um, I also facilitate financial capability and know your banking rights workshops in our community. Uh, so that's a little bit about myself. All right. So, Self-Help Federal Credit Union, we're working towards uh, working to support social and economic justice. I want to talk a little bit about our organization, where I'm at, uh the work, how we approach the work, and then we'll move on to uh the the content for today. So, um we're missiondriven. I would say the mission of Self-Help Federal Credit Union is to create and to protect ownership and economic opportunity for all, especially people of color, women, rural residents, and lowwealth families and communities. That's very important. And I I I for me I always encourage folks to look at the mission statement of organizations you're with not just financial but other institutions and does the mission that they represent do you see yourself as part of that? Do you see it speaking to you? And for me it does. I identify in this space and it's something I I feel that aligns with my values and what I'm working on. Um the way self-help does this is in several um methods. It does it every everywhere from obviously financial services that are safe and affordable policy work um investment in communities. Um there's just a wide array of the the way the mission is is practiced day in and day out. Um but the main focus again is in undoing a lot of the historical and systematic inequalities around economic social and economic justice. Um, part of that we'll talk about redlinining, but also uh the racial wealth gap, something that has been in place for some time and just because of the current conditions, including the pandemic, things have gotten harder uh for our BIPO communities. So, we'll we'll dive into that space as well. I'll start with this this here, right? It's something we all see um uh in Spanish, it's mafuro, right? the the street light. And so when I do workshops, I always start off with this and I ask a question. Tell me about what the colors mean to you. And so obviously, you know, when we talk about green, the response I typically get is, Eric, it's safe. It's good to go. No worries. Yellow is, hey, let me pay a little bit more attention. Maybe it's not necessarily safe or something, you know, something might be coming up, so I got to be alert. and red is hey this is unsafe. This is this is dangerous. This is not a space I should be in or I have to be very careful moving forward. So why do I do this? Um I think it's important to make things relatable um to things that we experience every day. And so since we know these colors and what they mean, I then ask a question, take those colors and the meanings and apply it to a map of San Francisco. It's the same there. We see green, yellow, red, we see blue as well. So, one of the questions I asked is how many of you have seen these maps before? And feel free to go into chat, say yes, no, um you know, share your your your responses on that. But this is a map that um has created a lot of impact and division in our cities. And so, rather than me explaining what redlinining is, I'm going to play a quick video. It's about 8 minutes long. It's really good and it talks about the legacy of housing discrimination in the Bay Area. It's very specific. So, we'll we'll get to that video in a second. But again, I go back to the street light. Think about those emotions, right? Red, red, it's dangerous, green, and just start thinking about the districts in the city. You know, where are those communities we represent or the people that we support? Where do I identify? And again, I'm not pointing good or bad. I'm just laying out this is what a map is and this is what was done around red lighting. All right. Another visual that I like to play before I go into the video is this map here that or not map but the image that shows also visually redlinining. Um when I I'll get to that actually I'll get back to um what I've heard about redlinining because it's something that stands out with you when you see this image. On one side it's darker, it's glooier. On the other side it's the sun is even out. So kind of this this different space that we see in redline communities, it's something to um to reflect on and I'll get back on on what kind of responses I've heard around real life feelings and living in redline communities. So let me pause for a second and um share my uh video. Well, we have a national myth. We say that the reason we have segregation in every metropolitan area of this country is something we call de facto. This de facto notion that it all happened naturally, not by public design, is utter nonsense. >> If you examine housing segregation in America, you begin to see a system of discrimination that impacts nearly every aspect of life. From the types of jobs you can access to where your children go to school and even how healthy you are, residents in neighborhoods historically plagued by housing discrimination, like those in West and East Oakland, are more than twice as likely to go to the emergency room for asthma. They're also more likely to experience higher rates of poverty, crime, and infant mortality. So, what helped build the system of inequality? and what are its lasting impacts both in the Bay Area and throughout the country. >> Imagine being able to build an app with your name on it just by thinking about it. Meet base 44. >> To understand the impacts of housing segregation, we need to go back to its roots in federal policy. Meet Richard Rothstein, an expert on the history of segregation in America and author of the book The Color of Law. So a white noose was created by the federal government around the African-American neighborhoods everywhere in the country. This was an explicit design of the federal government was a constitutional violation. >> In the 1930s, in the wake of the Great Depression, the federal government wanted to encourage home ownership in cities that had suffered from waves of foreclosures. >> A happy day it is for every family that can escape from the misery of a slum home and environment. So, it established the Homeowners Loan Corporation to refinance mortgages at risk of default. Neighborhoods were then color-coded on residential security maps. Green meant best or businessmen. Blue meant still desirable with white collar families. Yellow meant a declining area with working-class families and red meant hazardous or detrimental influences. This included foreignb born people, lowclass whites, and people of color. In essence, the government wouldn't ensure mortgages in areas it decided were too risky. And a major way that risk was calculated was by race. A black family moving in was seen as a threat to housing prices. >> That's where the term redlinining comes from. These maps in every metropolitan area of the country uh have districts that are colored red indicating that African-Americans and other undesirabs, immigrants, other minorities were living. >> To redline a community was to mark it as undesirable and not worthy of investment. San Francisco and Oakland were two of the 239 cities mapped nationwide by the Homeowners Loan Corporation. Here are maps of the cities created in 1937. As you can see, the neighborhoods marked in red on the maps make up the western edition, Chinatown, parts of the Mission, Bay View, as well as large areas of West and East Oakland. At the time, these neighborhoods were occupied by a largely non-white population. The segregation that we created in the midentth century resulted in an enormous wealth gap between African-Americans and whites because most white families gained their wealth from the appreciation and the value of their homes in appreciating neighborhoods. >> So while white families could invest in a home and build wealth, communities of color were effectively barred from this opportunity. Today, on average, black Americans in the United States only have about onetenth of the wealth of white Americans. And even though the government officially banned redlinining through the Fair Housing Act of 1968, the impacts of redlinining and housing discrimination still persist. This is Carolina Reed, an expert in housing and community development. We find that uh cities that had these redlinining maps in place are still more segregated than cities that didn't. We find that neighborhoods that were redlined or that were denied access to credit have all sorts of lower outcomes including uh lower uh health conditions, right? Sort of more health problems, uh higher rates of poverty, lower rates of educational attainment. And it is because these maps allowed the government to perpetuate this idea that certain neighborhoods shouldn't have access to credit and other neighborhoods should. You see it in education, too. The primary way that Americans pay for public schools is through property taxes, and it creates a feedback loop. People who live in more valuable homes, have better funded local schools, better paid teachers, and more resources. Take a look at the Piedmont City and Oakland Unified School Districts. The districts border each other, but the Oakland district, located in an area that was historically redlined, receives less funding than Piedmont. In Oakland Unified, about $15,000 is spent per student, while in Piedmont, over $18,000 is spent on each student. Meanwhile, Pedmont ranks in the top 1% of schools and testing scores, while Oakland ranks in the bottom 50%. Redline neighborhoods are also disproportionately impacted by pollution and environmental hazards. Let's take a look at the Fruitville neighborhood in Oakland. If you think about the underlying logics that created redlinining, they created lots of other conditions that led to government decisions uh to place hazardous activities in this neighborhood as opposed to in the wealthier and white neighborhoods. It was neighborhoods that like Fruit Veil that were allowed to have industrial zoning right next to residential because those residential properties were worth less. It allowed for things like urban renewal or clearance of homes for freeway or BART construction because those properties were valued less and they were able to be called blighted. >> Because of urban planning that benefited richer, wider neighborhoods, people of color are more likely to live near dangerous industrial plants and in places with crumbling infrastructure. They're also more likely to live far away from grocery stores with fresh food and in places where the water is unhealthy or undrinkable. And more subtle types of red lining and housing segregation continue, but in a different form. >> Wait, you don't write anything down after conversations. >> This is pocket. I never go anywhere without it. >> In 2008, the foreclosure crisis disproportionately impacted lower inome communities and communities of color. neighborhoods that were redlined decades before. >> We saw a proliferation of loans with risky loan terms such as uh exploding interest rates, no documentation loans, loans that had uh no down payment requirements uh originated by banks and not caring at all whether or not a borrower who was taking on that mortgage had the ability to repay that mortgage. And as a result, in neighborhoods like Fruit Veil, a lot of communities of color were targeted by predatory practices and predatory loans that then led them into foreclosure. >> Of course, housing segregation is not unique to the Bay Area. Its impacts have played out in nearly every major American city. So where does that leave us today? For starters, Richard Roststein says we need much better and consistent enforcement of the Fair Housing Act. >> So, we really have two problems. One is the Fair Housing Act's explicit prohibition on discrimination is not well enforced. Realtors still steer African-Americans and whites to different race neighborhoods. and the Fair Housing Act is not properly interpreted to ban policies which may be raceneutral on their face but that reinforce racial segregation. So we need to begin to confront the housing segregation issues that underly so much of the discrimination that exists in the society today. But without the reckoning that we are now having those kinds of new civil rights groups can't emerge. So, I'm very hopeful that we're in a position to begin to redress uh these problems and begin to confront them, but we haven't yet. >> For a more in-depth look at how housing discrimination continues to impact Bay Area neighborhoods, watch our four-part documentary series, The Moms of Magnolia Street. >> All right. Uh, can everyone hear me? Can Jonathan, can I be heard? Is my audio on? >> Yes, can hear you. Perfect. Perfect. All right, let me pause there um to kind of again have some space reflections. Um it's heavy, right? And there's some things that stood out. Um again, the wealth disparity uh that I heard uh African-American families versus white families, onetenth, right, of the wealth. Uh neighborhoods not having access to credit or risky loans or predatory loans. uh communities receiving less funding, industrial zoning, um and that the practice is still happening with some realtors known to steer uh certain uh uh individuals to stay in certain communities, right? Bip park stay in this space, do not go into this space, right? Um, so want to unpack here for a second and let me open it up to maybe not qu if you have questions, I'll try my best, but maybe thoughts, uh, reflections, your experiences, uh, around the Redline communities. Okay, I'm seeing the chat here. Um, and I do see some, uh, you know, thank you for chatting in about the colors of the maps, but not knowing what the colors are. You've seen it in an exhibit in the main library. Awesome. Thank you. Um, as how intentional this exclusion has been, it still is, and it's been done. It's it continues to be in different ways. Um, okay. So, I'm going to go back to um the image that I was sharing earlier about red lighting. Um let me see here. All right. So, this image to the left. I have done these workshops with youth uh workforce foster different different spaces of youth, right? And a common thing that I continue to hear living in redline communities, I'll talk about San Francisco. Um I have heard, you know, when I ask him, tell me about what else you see. And in their words, I see more crime. I see our streets more dirty. I see more liquor stores, more cannabis stores. Um the air sometimes feels stuffy. I mean, I've heard those descriptions, which is on the left of this image, kind of how it's being explained to me. But then I ask, "Hey, have you been to the other side of the city?" You know, again, I'm not I'm not pointing good or bad, but have you been out to the Sunset? Have you been out to Gene Gay Park? Have you been out to the Prescidio? Uh to North Beach, right, etc. And I've heard yes, I have for some of them. For some youth, no. And adults, I have not been to that part. I don't go out there. I don't feel welcomed, etc., right? Different reasons. For those I have, I ask them the same questions. How does it look over there? And I remember one um youth in particular told me uh Eric, the sky is bluer, the trees were greener, and the air was fresher. And that stuck with me. That was a description of how it was to leave his space into a non redline part of the city. It's pretty heavy. So, let's go back to that map. And so it was kind of shown in the videos, but we see Chinatown, Civic Center, Inner Mission, Petro Hill, Bay View, right? Outer Mission. Those are the areas that have been historically redlined. And we see some things in the middle. Uh there's freeways that are kind of intentionally built there almost like barriers. The I think the 101 goes right up the middle, kind of keeps folks to stay in one part of the city. Um we And it's interesting, too. I I'm I'm in the intermission, but I see the big difference. I think Mission Street and Valencia is one that sticks out to me. Right. Just one block away, you just see tremendously how different the spaces are, where almost like a barrier of where red lining ends and uh where it begins and where where it ends as well to other communities. Um I'm going to move on. This is redlinining in San Jose, uh, southern part of San Jose, southeast San Jose. It's heavily redlinined. U, we see a little bit of the center. Same things that are going on. Um, when I've spent time in San Jose and I've talked to folks there, they same question. What do I see? Um, trash, you know, crime. Um, we see a lot of folks that are sometimes unhoused. It's just communities that are not receiving resources or some of the funding, right, to kind of sustain or build those communities. And we saw Oakland as well. Oakland, uh, West Oakland and East Oakland. Um, I want you to keep in mind the redlinining maps because there we're going to go into other topics such as gentrification in a moment, but this is a space kind of the red lining that has happened historically. Although it's illegal now, the practice, the damage has been done and there are still efforts to continue to keep our communities segregated. Last thing I'll share here before I pause again. Um, I've started to dive into these two books by Richard Rothstein and Leah Rothstein. I highly recommend them. The color of law and just action, how to challenge segregation enacted under the color of law. They're great reads. Um, again, I'm diving in there. I'm learning far more around the intentionality behind this, but also how can we fight to undo some of the harm that has been done in our communities. Um, so I'm going to stop sharing again um and see if I can answer some questions. All right. Uh, people are told that redlinining communities are dangerous and to be careful there. Absolutely. Um, I I hear that. uh growing up I mean it would happen to me where uh I remember my grandma saying hey be careful going over there or I still hear it in different spaces you're going to that part of the city right so yeah we continue to hear that um people in the have up to 11 years low expectancy than in Pacific Heights wow 11 years right and think again was a shipyard right after World War II or during World War II as well so there's a lot of toxins that are in that area indust industrial zoning. Um, let's see what else here. I'll just take a couple more chats. Long-term impact of red lining has been loss of generational wealth. Absolutely. Poor park maintenance, more liquor stores, less libraries. Yeah. Right. So, all of these things are happening. Um, and I also think about what happens when people with wealth, often white people moved into redline communities and gentrified. Absolutely. So, we're going to talk about what is happening to these very redline communities because the the truth is that if if the maps still existed, those redline communities are starting to change colors. They're moving away from red. So, the gentrification is very real. It is happening. All right, I'm going to go back to sharing my screen here. All right. So, another thing I will encourage you which is really um it's really great map. Uh Richmond edu has a redlinining map. I'm going to click on this and it should take us there. It's interactive and let's see if it loads. And Jonathan, I know my screen is loading. Can you see it? >> Um I just see your slide. >> Okay. Thank you. Let me go ahead and try to change my screen sharing. Okay. Um, give me one second everyone. Bouncing around right now. >> And I'm going to throw the link into the chat too if anyone wants to explore that on their own as well. >> Thank you. How about now? >> Uh, yes. >> All right. So, we see that the majority of red lining happened out in the east coast. Look at the west. But let's look at the east coast, particularly the northeast part of the United States. Look at that, right? The red lining that happened there. This map, it's it's very um helpful because you can dive in, let's say we say Los Angeles, it will take you into the redlinining map of Los Angeles. You can actually zoom in and start looking at even specific parts of LA. Like you could dive in a lot closer. You could see streets, for example. Let's go to San Francisco. Let's dive in a little bit more. So, we saw the map. If we dive in, I want to go to the mission. You can kind of see here. I mean, it gets in there. 16th Street, 17th Street, kind of going down the corridor. And we see right here, it's I think this is Valencia almost like it's carving right down Mission Street here. And so, you can see kind of how that changes. And if you move towards Twin Peaks, if you move towards um the avenues, you really start seeing the change of how those communities are from blue to green. So this map is very um interactive. I encourage you to to to use it to check it out. Um and then also from U Richmondedu with this map they do allow you to share it. Just make sure to give credit to them. Their intention is to have like an open source. So I've used this in classrooms in workshops. Um I just make sure to give credit to Richmond edu for this. Um, all right. Let me now share my slide deck again. Okay. All right. Current slide. One second here. Okay. I think my screen is showing. Um, is it we we see the the whole PowerPoint window? Um, >> okay. How about now? >> No, you're still seeing the whole PowerPoint. >> Yes. >> Okay. Uh, I am going to try and This is a technical piece that sometimes isn't too fun. Um, let me try that. How about now? >> Looks good. >> Looks good. Okay. And now let me see if I can open this. All right. Sorry everyone. Let me There we go. All right. So, let's go into the banking landscape. We heard that referenced earlier that these neighborhoods do not have access to credit, risky loans, or predatory loans. So, I kind of want to unpack this a little bit more. Um to the left we see banks and credit unions. We're all familiar with them. What in Spanish the bankos and cooperativas financias your chases your wells your bas your self-helps your San Francisco federal right financial institutions that we see on the right subprime are financial services that are considered um predatory risky right more expensive and a lot of times you can conduct financial transactions such as loans check cashing um title loans and so you could see that there. Another one that's kind of interesting is liquor stores. There are some liquor stores that allow or have inside a check cashing location as well. Um, so it's just something that um to know the distinction between both. Um, the next slide I'm going to go into talks a little bit more about financial predatory services in San Francisco, which again range from highinterest payday lenders, rent a bank schemes to deceptive debt relief and credit repair companies. These services often target target underbanked or financially distressed residents within hidden fees and exorbitant interest rates disproportionately affecting vulnerable neighborhoods such as our redline communities. Uh, I'll go over just a few, but the common types of predatory financial services, right? We know about the high cost installment and payday loans, lenders that market, fast cash options with extreme fees, balloon payments, and aggressive terms designed to force a borrower to continuously roll over to the refinance of loans. Um, what I have heard and what I understand, some of these uh, payday loans are up there. You know, they can range 50% higher. um I believe and and things may have changed with legislation, but in Nevada uh they were upwards of 200% in some in some instances. So just think about that, right? For every dollar that you borrow, you're paying back $2. Um that's that's a lot, right? So that's as an example, um just to think about these are the services that we find in our spaces. Another one is unregulated financial products, operations like hidden debt settlement companies. deceptive credit repair agencies or even title loan companies that structure agreements with hidden fees or unrequested add-on insurance. All right, so the next slide I'm going to go into, before I do, I need to give tremendous credit. There is a nonprofit organization called My Path. Uh, tremendous appreciation and love to them. um they are a financial capability organization and their youth did something phenomenal that inspired me and I wanted to do a little bit more research. So I'm going to go ahead and go to this slide now. Um what I understand many years ago the youth at this organization decided to go um up and down I don't think it was just Mission Street but around along San Francisco uh I think all the way to Civic Center or beyond to kind of take a look at what were the banks credit unions and check cashaching that they found along their walk. So inspired by what they did, I wanted to use technology and see if things had shifted and kind of put a visual there um in different communities. So to the left is a intermission. It is uh the border of Civic Center, Potero, Cesar Chavez and also Dolores Street. Uh the blue dots are indicative of the banks in the credit unions. On the right, the red dots are indicative of the subprime financial services. your car title loans, your payday loans, um your check cashing, your liquor stores. So when you merge them together, this is what you see as a banking landscape in the intermission. Now the intermission according to the census data has around 36,000 residents. So think about that. Where do pe where do you think people are more likely to go? um what's more abundant uh if they don't know about the resources, if they don't have identification for banking, um language barriers that could be in place. Um I've also been told by organizations that are having helping migrant residents that when they first come to the country, you know, they think that the subprime is the normal. Those are the resources or the sources to go to. Uh when I did this workshop in Atlanta, um I remember a young person was sharing with me that it feels like they're they're having to navigate through a mine field. They have to be careful where they're going because uh they they they are coming across these areas all over, right? The subprime. Now let's take the same approach and apply it to the tenderloin. The tenderloin according to census easy has 14,500 residents and you can see in the tenderloin the border there um surrounding uh the area the red dots again are your subprime and your blue dots are your banks and credit union and the banks and credit union are on the side of city hall I think you have golden one and San Francisco Federal but that's really it you do have one com uh one credit union inside Tenderloin I think it's called Southeast Credit and I forget their name. Um, and kudos to them for being in the space that needs to be, but all around the tenderloin, this is what it the residents are surrounded with. Now, if we go to the Bay View third and Paloo, this is what we see. Uh, Bay View, approximately 22,975 people according to the census data. And so what they're inundated if you've been to third and paloo your check cashing your liquor stores your western unions you know your other services but there are no banks so rather than in this case it's financial exclusion right from the banking industry there are just no banks or credit unions present and there's a lot of residents in the area um I I work with residents in this space and they tell me that banking is a barrier sometimes they have to wait a while to catch a bus or two buses to get to an area that has a bank, but they're also working. And so, how are they going to get there after hours or during their lunch? We'll also take a look at Petroal Hill, which approximately has 11,000 plus residents according to Census Easy. And when we look at Petro Hill again, you you have nothing there except for two liquor stores. You have two ATMs, one at General Hospital and down the block from General Hospital, but there is no banking presence. And the last one I want to look at with you is the Outer Mission and Sunnyale. Approximately 30,000 residents according to census data in this space. And so if you look at um outer mission, it's similar to the inner mission there are representations of financial institutions but right next to them or on the same block and kind of working down it starts to dissipate. You just see subprime services where I live um which is past Geneva there is nothing. Um there is just uh liquor stores um a couple check hashing. I'd have to go all the way to Excelsier um or yeah, basically to Excelsier if I want to be able to get to a financial institution or any resident in that area. And then you look at Sunnydale near the Cow Palace on the lower right side. Um it's just two check cashing, I'm sorry, two liquor stores. That's all that's in that area for the residents. All right, so let me pause here um and kind of unpack this a little bit more. So, I'm going to look at some of the com comments that are here. Um, I moved from Portland for grad and similar comment are made about the neighborhoods in the red zone. We see people gentrify spaces, disabled family, displaced families, an increase in rent and less affordable housing. Yes, we're about to move into that. Um, I want to see if there's any comments if anyone wants to add around the maps. And again, I want to be clear to give credit to my path for starting that for their youth leaders. Um, but it's interesting, you know, I've I've I've done these maps in different cities um across the country and and and you continue to see the same thing in these red line spaces. Um, it's just a lack of financial services, but it is starting to change, but that comes at the price of gentrification as well. Um, so before I proceed, I'll just give it another couple seconds to see if there's any comments anyone wants to add or a question. >> Oh, and I'll just u jump in quickly. Someone um said they can't they can't see everyone else's comments. Um you're a everyone you're able to um chat with either just hosts and panelists or everyone. Um if you feel comfortable, I'd encourage you to select the everyone choice just so we can make this more of a conversation. >> Perfect. Thank you. All right, let me get back to the map uh where my presentation. All right, sorry. Let me work through this. Okay. Yeah, let's go into gentrification. So, we're all familiar with that. Um or or or maybe we're not. I shouldn't assume, but we I I want to say that we all feel that something is going on. Um, and that's the best way I would put it. There's a feeling of gentrification. It's not just um what we hear, but what we see. And so on the left, I don't know if anyone's seen that movie Up. Um, it involves gentrification, right? You've got that little house and they're building around it and these uh luxury buildings. And so that's kind of happening in this picture here. You have a resident that is is staying in their home. But to the left and to the right, you've got investors coming in, uh, luxury buildings potentially being built and what does that do to a community. So, I'm going to play a quick video that's going to um discuss a little bit more about gentrification and give some different perspectives on that as well. Uh, let me stop sharing again and I'm going to now play a video on gentrification. >> I had been to Portland a lot as a comedian. I performed there a lot. I often noticed when I performed there weren't a lot of black people there and I knew it wasn't a very black city but there were so few I'm like something's weird here. Well thankfully because I have this TV show I was able to go to Portland and investigate this. So I talked to a lot of people in Portland about the gentrification thing. It's an ongoing battle and it's happening in San Francisco. It's happening in Brooklyn. It's happening in Manhattan. It's happening in Atlanta. It's happening all over the country. Gentrification I think it's just at its most sort of fevered pitch in Portland. The consequences of gentrification are many, including displacement of residents. And there's also the change of community leadership and also the change of elected officials. And there's also the new residents of the neighborhood having conflict with the old residents of the neighborhood. And there's also just a general change of the identity of the neighborhood. And the people who lived there historically don't have any say in what that change is. I tried to have a nuanced take with this issue because I'm a person who likes some of the effects of gentrification as painful as to say. I didn't know what a mocha was until Starbucks moved into my neighborhood when I was in high school and now I drink them every day. So, I like some of those effects of gentrification. But what I don't like is when gentrification pushes out all of the old with disregard for what the people in the neighborhood think about that thing that is defined as old and unneeded. We have to put a value on having a variety of choices and a variety of experiences in our neighborhoods and also a value having a variety of people in our neighborhood to relate to because that's when life is better. We all know that. >> Okay. So, let me pause on that. So, that was um uh yes, I'm looking at the chats. That's awesome. Um so, yeah, the gentrification, you heard that it it's it's complicated in some ways, right? as it was explained and the example of foods. Um there are some options of foods that we may not see but now with some of new residents coming in there are more options but the challenge to that is how it pushes out right community histo the history some of the culture and there's this clash now how does this tie to the banking piece one of the things that I am seeing and you may have seen as well is that um where there is heavy gentrification now you start seeing banks starting to come in now you see the first branch opening up where there was no branch, right? And so that's something that's happening. Um, one of the uh adults when I did this workshop shared with me, hey Eric, it feels like first they told me to stay here and now they're telling me to get out. So where do I belong? Right? And it's that kind of friction and that challenge that's going on that's leading to some of that gentrification as well. Let me look at the chat and now I'm going to play I'm going to show a couple slides on some of the impact of that. Um, so are there any self-help branches in San Francisco? Yes. Um, there is one between 20th and 21st in Mission. Um, I'll provide that information as a followup. It's 2430 Mission Street. Uh, Camal Bell has a great voice for Enlightenment. Absolutely. Again, who made up those related maps back in the 1930s? I always forget the home loan. Uh, gosh, mortgage. I'll get that for you. It's a government agency, but also financial institutions were involved in that redlinining mapping as well. So, thank you for the question, but I'll get the exact name for you. And I've heard of corporations buying residential property. Is that true? Yeah, I hear that as well. you've got um major where you got companies are just buying up their just lots of spaces, lots of residents, and then they're, you know, flip um not necessarily flipping them, but they're putting them out at the market at, you know, insane rent prices. Um but yeah, I I understand there was legislation to try to stop that. I'm not sure how that has gone. Um but yeah, investors are trying to buy up lots of spaces as well and companies. All right, let me go back to the slide. Um, and again, Jonathan, I'm going to ask if you can see the current slide. >> Yes, looks good. >> Perfect. Thank you very much. Okay, so this the source of this is a urban displacement project. What it shows is gentrification in San Francisco. Um the colors, the blue is considered lowinccome, susceptible to displacement or ongoing displacement. As you move into the purple, it's early ongoing gentrification or advanced gentrification. And as you move to the orange, it's considered stable or advanced exclusive. So, it's gone through gentrification. So, this is what's happening in San Francisco. Now, I want you to think about the red lining maps and they do overlap. If you look on the left, you see again what was green, what was blue. But if you look at the right, and there's not much gentrification going on. You've got a couple spots out there, but if you look at the right, the mission district, um, Petrell Hill, um, Civic Center area, outer Mission, Bay View, Hunter Point, right? All of that is going through or has already gone through um some gentrification as well. So this is the case in San Francisco. When we look at the map in San Jose, you see similar, right? South uh the southeast part of San Jose is already starting to move into advanced or exclusive housing. You've got gentrification happening in the center of San Jose as well. And Oakland, West Oakland is going through massive advanced gentrification right now. Alama is, you can see the island, there's two parts of Alama, either west or east Alama, right? And if you go down the Oakland corridor, you can see how gentrification's happening in East Oakland as well. So, here's a source. I'm not just because of time I'm going to move on a little bit more so we could get to resources but um this is the urban displacement org map and if you go it's an interactive map I just want you from like a high view look at the bay area most of it is becoming advanced exclusive and it's right the north bay the peninsula the east bay it's becoming unaffordable and we see that the communities that are be or they are not just becoming it already is unaffordable and you see the communities that are going through uh major gentrification again uh you've got Hayward San Leandro uh Oakland San Francisco up to Vallejo these are communities that again are just being hit hard right now and that does impact the banking landscape as well because where there were no banking options now they are starting to come in but the residents are being pushed out so we kind of see that systematic inequality happening again and the banks are there. I'm not I'm not here again. Good, bad, I'm I'm just sharing this, but again, it seems like you're coming in now because it's a safer space to come in and open up shop, right? Or to invest. So, we kind of go back to those redlinining practices that were in place. All right. So just remember the continued effects, the banking landscape, the red lining, the gentrification, and how that overlaps with subprime financial services that are currently taking place in these communities and spaces as well. So how do we combat this? Well, there's a lot of ways, right? Um part of it is coming in communities, speaking about this, learning about this, the decisions we take as individuals, as activists, as consumers, right? How do we support our communities? But there's also this um I like to circle the social determinance of health, its practices for change. What it entails is that we all need these pieces to thrive in our communities, in our lives, wherever we are. We need access to wellness, physical, mental, emotional, spiritual wellness, right? We then need access to healthy food access, not just fast food in our spaces. We need access to affordable housing. How do we stay and and be able to grow wealth in San Francisco through home ownership, right? Um workforce opportunities, being able to be paid not just a living wage, but a thriving wage, career advancements, opportunities, community college, right? Or or or advance or continued education. And we also need financial access. We need access to safe and responsible banking products and lending in our communities because we know that wellness, food access, affordable housing, all of this, there's a financial tie to this. So, it's important that all of these pieces are are put together. And so, what I'm I'm very proud to share in the next slide is these are the game changers. These are the change makers. These are just some of the community- based organizations that I've had the honor and I'm humbled to partner with around this work that are addressing home ownership, that are addressing food access, that are addressing workforce, community education. So, just they are the ones that um you know are are in the ground, boots in the ground making this change happen. Um and just a few more here. Um so, I just need to give their shout out to them for the work that they're doing. All right, here. So again, it takes a collective to make this happen, a community. So let's move on now to safe, affordable, and accessible banking because that's what we want. We want people to move away from check cashing, payday lenders, title loans. Um how do we find these spaces? And so there's a couple resources you may already be familiar with, but I'm going to share with you so that way um either for yourself or for the organizations if you're a part of a nonprofit that you're helping clients, right, families or friends, right, to direct them to safer banking options. Um so the first thing we want to look at is ensure that banking is safe. It has to be safe, right? You got to feel good there. Um you want to make sure that your money is safe. It should be affordable. Banking should not be expensive. It's something we all need to have access to and it should be accessible as well. You remember that I mentioned there are some people that have to catch a couple buses, right? So, making sure that there's a presence whether it be access to mobile banking or if they have even better a branch in that community. Those are the things that we want. Um, we want to avoid subprime services. is we want to be able to build savings, build credit, and lower financing costs. And there's a couple ways to do this. One thing you want to look for are financial institutions that have a CDFI certification, right, which is through the the federal government. It's a community development financial institution. And those are institutions that are specifically supporting communities that have been marginalized um that are in redline spaces through safe, affordable and and accessible banking and lending. And another one that I'm very grateful for is a bank on um it's a certification through the cities for financial empowerment. if I'm getting that right. It's a standard that tells financial institutions, hey, if you want to be certified, you need to make sure that your accounts again are safe, affordable, and accessible to all. So really, these are things that we want to look for a bank on certification and if possible a CDFIN in certified financial institution. Another thing to keep in mind, your financial institution helping you build a budget, helping you pay off debt, helping build a savings, right? Helping us build credit because credit in the United States is your credibility, right? That's access or it could be the barrier to housing, to work, to to um emergency, right? To saving money. Um that's important. And you want to look for financial institutions that are involved in the community. if they're doing financial workshops, if they're doing seminars, whatever it is, right, that they're engaged back, um this is the very important piece pieces that you want to look for or that I would say to consider, right, when you're looking for a financial institution, um either for yourself or to partner with. Um you heard from Jonathan earlier, right, uh through uh the um economic justice um center uh formerly the OF and through the public library. a lot of these resources are already there. So, make sure you take um advantage of those um opportunities. Um okay, so financial community resources, I'm going to give some again tremendous shoutouts. Um I have been referring to them. I'm familiar with them. I've worked with them for some years, but it formerly was the office of financial empowerment. Now it's economic justice center of San Francisco. They're phenomenal. I I can't stress that enough. And I will tell you in in working with many different cities, there are not a lot of cities that have uh these type of resources uh coming from the county, right, that are provided to its residents. Um so um the economic justice center it could provide support for financial coaching if you're work uh if you need to open an account uh manage debt negotiate interest save for the future and they can help you also identify and and open a bank on certified account. So they're they're just awesome in that regard. Um so this is their site. I'm just going to click very fast so we can take a quick look here at some of the services. And uh Jonathan, can my uh can you see my screen? >> Um yeah, I can see the slide. Um >> not not the Okay, thank you. So I need to go back. I need to stop sharing and share a different screen. All right. How about now? >> Uh yes. >> All right. All right. So check out the website. visit it. These are some of the options. Again, find a bank account. Why bank on San Francisco? What we spoke about the awesome and talented financial coaching uh counseling team that they have um fine and fee discounts. You can also find stop scams. Scams is in the rise. That's and they target often again our most vulnerable residents and communities. Um know your rights, right? Student loan debt, bankruptcy, credit reports. There's just so many resources here. So again, I encourage you to visit the Economic Justice Center of San Francisco and tap into the resources. What I tell people is do not wait until something is happening. Let's be proactive. Um it's like kind of like going to the doctors. You don't want to just go there when something's going on, something's bad, but you want to have kind of those regular check-ins just to make sure we're on the right track and we're being proactive with our health. Well, this is the same being proactive with your financial health, right? So, these resources are here. All right, let me stop sharing. Um, and let me see if there's any comments that are coming in. Thank you. Uh, private equity now in the process of taking over homeowners associations. Yes, thank you for that. Um, you can meet with a financial uh counselor at the main library. Absolutely. Um, and again, I um, this is very personal for me. Um, when someone comes into a financial institution and is denied a bank account or a loan, typically they're giving what's called an adverse action notice saying we're sorry, we couldn't help you, but that's it. Like, here are your resources. Being able to partner again, uh, with what I just shared with, um, uh, economic justice center, right? um I am able to work with people and say, "Hey, how let's work towards finding a solution. Let me refer you." And so I've been able to go online, set up their appointment. They're able to sometimes go next day. And it gives something some uh someone something to work with because the last thing that I want is someone to say, "Okay, I was denied for ser financial services for X reasons. Let me just go to check cashaching. Let me just go to a payday lender because they're not going to deny me." So, it's it's breaking that cycle. It's very important. Um, all right. Let me go back to sharing my screen and the slide. Okay, Jonathan, can my um screen Can you see it? >> Yeah, looks good. >> Okay. All right. So, financial coaching. Some other resources to consider in Oakland, you have the Unity Council. They do financial coaching as well. budgeting, action plans, workshops, and the West Oakland Job Resource Center. Uh to the right, they also provide financial coaching, right? Individual financial uh assistance. Um if they have check system, which is if they had a banking record where uh it prevents them from opening a bank account, they work with them on that. Developing financial goals. So there are resources throughout the Bay Area to help you. Um so just keep those in mind. Um very important. Um all right. and Sparkpoint in Oakland as well. I think Sparkpoint through the United Way, they have various offices, but they also provide coaching, budgeting, credit repair, tax help, and these are all nonprofit organizations. Um they're not for-p profofit, right? So, their their goal is to help individuals um with their needs um as opposed to, hey, let's make money out of this. That's a very important distinction as well when partnering with resources that are helping our communities financially. Um okay and the bank on just to let you know um there are 510 certified accounts throughout the country um which you know there's just that I believe it's hundreds of banks but they have their products that are certified so you can find bankoncertified pretty much throughout the country there's there's no limitation there and um you could see that there's five or 50,361 plus branches with certified accounts. So again, remember I mentioned red lining is happening or happen nationally. Um being able to have these resources again across the country is important if we're trying to change our banking landscapes. Um and I'm going to skip slides here. Um let's go into youth banking. That's another important piece. Um when it comes to youth banking, many of our youth um are already working, are um uh breadwinners for their households, uh have financial responsibilities, but they cannot be banked unless they have what's called a custodial account where they have a trusted guardian on the account. But that is an assumption that number one, every youth has one. And number two, a youth has a trusted adult that could be on the account. So again um through the economic justice center um the work that they've done and my path is another great organization that's done this they have worked on finding um also banking access for youth when I've done these workshops um there have been instances before this where youth would tell me hey Eric I got paid I'm going to go to check cashaching because I cannot open an account because I do not have a parent or guardian right that I can add. So again, you know, the challenge is that if youth do not have access to their own banking, where are they going to go and they become clients of these subprime services at an early age and the cycle has started? Why would the subprime, the check cashaching and payday lenders move out of the communities if they have ongoing business, right? So banking uh really should be a right. So um when we move on here just high level these are some of the institutions that provide accounts that have checking savings debit cards for youth that are under 18 and you can see the age ranges there but you have Bank America Chase Wells Fargo Excite Credit Union San Francisco Federal Golden One at Self-Help. I am working on that currently to to get closer to that space. But you could see the ages ranging in San Francisco Federal through um the summer jobs uh program. They range from the age of 13 all the way to 17. Right? So this is just phenomenal. This is what we need is access to safe and affordable banking. Um I'm looking at the chat. Where can a person find a financial coach advisor specific to their culture? So great question. What I would encourage is to reach out to those resources and ask that question to them. I don't know, but I know that um the you know given the organizations and where they're situated, they have to have diverse representation and they have to be culturally um aware and mindful of the spaces who they're working with from language um through communication means right if there's any communication limitations as well, right? Whatever those may be. So again, that's a great question. encourage you again to reach out to those organizations, get on the phone and say, "Hey, um, what can you do? What are these are the the needs that my community has?" And create those partnerships as well. Um, let me move on. So, we're kind of hitting mid almost closing point, I would say. We're going to end a little bit earlier and then we'll be able to dive into questions. Um, but what I want to now talk about is um about our our dollars. Let me let me stop here. Let me stop sharing for a second. What do I mean about our dollars? We have the opportunity to invest our money locally in in the financial institutions that again I I would always say credit unions, right? to have that social economic justice wing and investing the money banking there allows those financial institutions to reinvest those monies back into the communities they serve. Remember I said CDFIS, right? Look for CDFIS. If you're going to become a member or a client of a bank or credit union, you know that your dollars are reinvested back locally. So, what I'm going to share with you a little bit is about um self-help and what's happening with um with its dollars. I'm not here to talk about anything about products or whatnot. You can visit me afterwards if you have questions, but I just want to show you kind of that impact to CDFI work that's happening. All right. So, let me go back to sharing my screen here. So, community impact. I'll just tell you a little bit about the San Francisco branch um and the money that has been invested back in the community. So, at Self-Help Federal Credit Union in the mission branch um for San Francisco County specifically, there's about 3,269 members, right? So, the credit union has invested $76 million in total loans in San Francisco County alone. And that's approximately $2,572 total loans to lower income areas. So, think of your redline communities. um 61% of the loans are going right back to those lower income communities and 96% of the loans are going to lowincome borrowers who identify as low income. So nine out of 10 pretty much 10 out of 10 people that walk into the Mission Branch of San Francisco identify as a lowinccome borrower. So this is where the loans are are happening the reinvestment. So remember the red lining map on the right. You could see that with self-help as an example and other CDFIS but in this case self-help um the deposits or the banking that is coming in from people who are members is being invested right back in to the Redline communities through safe affordable lending products. Uh refinancing auto loans to a lower rate, personal loans, credit building loans, mortgages, commercial loans, right? um it's going right back into those spaces and that is going to be able to help our communities build wealth and again move away from subprime um uh and predatory services. Um the same thing is happening in Santa Clara County. Um just a little bit about that. Um 2,116 members in Santa Clara County that are with self-help. There's about $74 million loans in Santa Clara County. um 67% of the loans in lower income communities and also 93% of the loans go to the lowincome borrowers. So it's a very similar um um uh demographic of San Francisco. And the same thing you can see the red lining map on the right and where the investments in safe and affordable loans is going right back into Santa Cl County and San Jose. And the last one I'll show you is um Oakland, Alama County, right? In Alama County, um I won't go through each number, but it's 63% of loans is going into lower income communities. 86% of loans are going to lowinccome borrowers. And this is how the investment of funding is going right back into Oakland. You can see that um through the impact of people like yourselves, right? your your dollars into the financial institution are being lent back out and you can see it going down towards the west Oakland corridor down to Fruit Veil and East Oakland where where access is needed the most. Um so I'm going to pause here. I want to get back to seeing everyone. Um we we unpacked a lot. I know we we moved rather quick. Um but I just want to see if there is any thoughts or comments. Um I'm going to look at this. One idea that has been put forward would be to have the US Post Office provide basic banking service services. Yeah, that would be awesome. Uh definitely having that out there. Another thing I'm sure you're familiar with the building of public banking uh public banks. I understand that's something that is being worked on um or or has advanced greatly, right? So having more of those municipal um um uh cityowned or people owned banks is is phenomenal. Um okay, the last thing I'm going to share is my contact info, but I want to pause and open it up. Um if there's again any comments, thoughts, um anything to share about what we've unpacked today. How are we feeling right? What are we thinking now that we know kind of what has happened with the banking landscape, but how we can kind of shift that um to work towards um more safe and affordable opportunities for our communities? Okay. Can you discuss learning to invest? Yeah, that's a great question. So, um I'll I'll speak for myself and my personal experience. Um the first thing that for me learning to invest has always been a purpose. You know what am I working towards? Um what is a goal that I have? Um because that gives me something to work towards. Um and for me um you know I I want to go to school, right? And so I need to save money. That's something that's really important to me. So um one of the things now that I had a goal and I I met with a financial coach around this was to um create kind of a behavior around savings because I don't and sometimes in our communities we're inundated with commercials with services like just buy and we see that in society right so the savings muscle isn't necessarily there it's more of a spending muscle right a spending behavior so I had to create there was a lot of kind of psychology and emotions behind money that we had to pivot a little bit and working with a certified financial coach that helped me get to a space of okay well now that I understand myself my habits and attitudes with money now let and that I want to save towards something let's start making practical steps start as a smart goal or starting to save with a something that's you know achievable um and I did when I hit those first milestones and I remember one of my first savings goal and I I thought it was funny was like Eric can you save $50 I was like okay how is this going to get me to my goal, but once I did hit that first 50, um I didn't want to spend it. I was like, "Wow, I got 50. All right, can we do more?" Right? And so, it's almost like building momentum from there. Um but that's a great question. That's what I've done. And again, I would encourage a conversation happening with a financial coach um you know, the resources there uh to help navigate us through that space. Um can you discuss youth learning to invest? Yes, that's another one. So, kind of similar things that I've I've shared. Um um a great organization that I would encourage to always reach out to if you have more questions. I I mentioned already my path. Um contact them. They could share more about it. But one thing that I've um in my personal experience um you got to make things relatable. Um you got to be um you you cannot come in there uh talking banking language or whatnot. It's really understanding where the youth is coming from. What are their conditions, right? what are they working towards um and and understanding their habits and attitudes with money as well. So there are some activities that we do to unpack that and then we kind of start navigating towards again building momentum but a lot of it when it comes to money is self-reflection and it's not a space of judgment but it's to understand are we a saver are we spending. So there are some activities out there that are really cool that would help someone kind of come to a space of trust to be able to speak about money and then kind of move towards a space of of starting to talk about investing. I always talk about savings as an initial one, but there are some students and adults who are ready to start talking about investments and you know like stocks and and and you know property and whatnot which phenomenal right that's awesome but that's a little bit outside of what I do. Um I would probably go to a financial coach for that and they would they would speak more on that. Um there you go. SF treasure list of youth financial accounts is not exhaustive as brokerages. Yeah, Charles Schwab also has used accounts. That's awesome. I would encourage share those um you know um we have the contacts and and if there's more financial institutions doing this as long as you know they meet the criteria for non-custodial right that could be a great option because they can do something maybe at Charles Schwab and start building investment as well. So that that's great. We need access to that behavior really lands for me. The savings muscle. Yeah. Again we're all creatures of habits. Um those are things I'm still working on. I've been in banking for 25 years. I still struggle with budgeting. I get in trouble for it. Like it is hard. My personal attitude with money is one way. And I again I still from time to time have to reach out to my financial coach and say, "Hey, I'm having a hard time right now." So it happens to all of us. Um and again, I work in banking. So it's, you know, it's just being real about it. Um all right, let me see. What are the best banking options for youth and adults who are undocumented? It's a great question. Um so um what I'll share and and you can talk to me more offline. I'll put my contact info. Um but there are banking options for people who are undocumented. Um I know this is a safe space but these are kind of things I'll talk one off. Um reach out to me and then I will share where that is, what resources are available. that that's very important. Not just access to banking, but being able to protect themselves with their bank accounts because of the current conditions that are happening. There are ways to do that. I do cover that in my know your banking rights workshops that I've done. Um, so again, I will leave my contact info so you can reach out to me and then I can chat more about those resources. Um, but thank you. Thank you for for speaking on that and for advocating for individuals who again are are facing these challenges and these just discriminatory things, you know. Um yes, kids college accounts absolutely. I didn't even know about that um till maybe a couple years ago. And yes, my kids now have their savings accounts and so I can invest into that for them, right? And spending time with them. So this is awesome that that resource is there. And is there a resource that can be recommended in the North Bay? I live in Santa Rosa. Yeah, you know, an organization that I've heard about. Um, so, uh, one, let let me step back. Sparkpoint, I know they're in Oakland and West Oakland Job Resource Center, but I spoke to them and they do serve, um, families and clients throughout the Bay Area. West Oakland Job Resource Center does um, support families that are in even in Sacramento. Um, you know, you would reach out to them. I know they do things online, right? Webb based, so they have meetings that way. Um, so SparkPoint is one and also um, uh, the West Oakland Job Resource Center. You can contact me and I'm happy to make a warm introduction to them and then you can kind of navigate through that space. Um, another organization I heard that does some financial capability work is Canal Alliance. I believe they're in San Rafael. Um, so reaching out to them as well and asking, "Do you provide financial capability or coaching resources?" That's another one um that I would encourage. Um, okay. I'm going to go ahead and send um the contact information. You'll have it in a PDF. It'll be my branch phone number. It will be my email address. And again, reach out to me. Um, again, my goal is for any for everyone to have access to safe, affordable banking and and borrowing to help them with their goals and to, you know, create generational wealth wherever they choose to bank. Um, I've had folks that I've referred to other financial institutions because that's what's best for them. So, I'm going to be as objective as I can. I just want my communities to thrive and to undo these systems that are, you know, holding us back so we can make um social and economic change. Um so, um know your banking rights info. Reach out to me. There is one that is going to be coming up. Um I do these with nonprofit organization at their spaces. Maybe we can do something um with the library. We can we can talk more about that later, but reach out to me. Um and then we could see what we can do about that. Um, it's it's my pleasure. Thank you. I'm I'm glad it was informative. Um, okay. So, thank you all again for your time, for being allies, for the work that you do in our communities and for putting up this fight. Um, CE, right? We will make this change in our communities and undo what's been happening. Um, so thank you all. I wish you the best and um, you know, thank you. All right. So that's it. >> Thank you so much, Eric. Um that was a really um amazing presentation. Um and yeah, thank you for sharing all these resources um that are available to address the the legacy of of these really harmful practices um that you know we can see the the results of um when you walk around the city. Um >> so I really appreciate this. You're getting a lot of love in the chat. Um and we can certainly um we'll have you back. Um we can um do a know your banking rights um workshop. It looks like there's interest in that. Um so yeah, hopefully um our attendees today will join us for that and some other upcoming library programs. Um, again, um, reminder to everyone, I'll be sending out a follow-up, uh, email either later today or tomorrow, um, that'll include a link to a recording of this program, um, a PDF copy of the slideshow that will also include uh, Eric's contact info. Um, and I'll also include a link to a very, um, short evaluation survey. Um, please take a moment to fill those out. um it really only takes like a minute. We use those to improve our programs and plan new ones. So, if there's a topic you'd like to see at the library, um let us know. Uh we'll, you know, look around and and find an expert like Eric to to come talk about that. Um so, thank you everyone for joining us today and again, Eric, thank you so much. >> Thank you. Thank you all. Be well. We'll talk soon >> everyone. Have a great rest of your afternoon and weekend. >> Bye. >> Bye-bye now.