Romans | Lecture 12 : BC303-Rom-20260915

college. >> College. Okay, welcome back after the break. Um, just before we went for our break, uh, we looked at the brief introduction to, uh, we studied Romans chapter 5:es 1-1. We also looked at the brief introduction uh to verses 12- 21 and we read verses uh, 12- 19. So, we'll study verses 12 onwards. Before that anyone has any doubts any questions anything all didn't understand in verses 1 to 11 all of you with us enjoying the study on the book of Romans okay online students any questions any doubts okay if not we'll um begin studying vers 12- 19. Okay. Verse 12. Therefore, just as through one man's sin entered the Just as through one man's sin entered the world, and death through sin, and thus death spread to all men because all sin. So sin came to the world through whom? One man. That is the first Adam. And death came through sin. The wages of sin is death. Okay. So from sin to death or between sin and death is all the problems. What are the problems? Sickness and disease and demonic affliction and trials and pains and sufferings and you name it. The list goes on and on. Depression and oppression and everything. So between sin and death is all the problems. Okay? And death spread to all men. Why did death spread to all men? >> Because all sinned, right? Because all sinned. And the sin that came through one man affected everyone. So the consequences of sin including death spread to everyone and one man affected the whole human race. Right? Verse 13. For unto the law, sin was in the world, but sin is not imputed when there is no law. What does it mean? For until the law, sin was in the world, but sin is not imputed when there is no law. What does he mean by this? Okay. Now sin was in the world but people did not realize what they were doing was sin. Why? They didn't have the law. They did not tell them what is right and wrong. They did not know when oh when I did when I didn't do this or follow this I actually sinned. Right? So people did not realize but the law made sin visible. The law made sin visible means what? The law showed people that they have >> sinned that they have missed the mark that they done something wrong. The law showed what is right and what is wrong. And it says but sin could not be imputed. Means what? Sin could not be charged or sin cannot be accused or held against people until the law came. So let's uh try to understand this says sin was there even before the law was given. That means sin when did sin exist? [snorts] From the beginning when when Adam and Eve sinned. Okay. So even before God gave the law through Moses, people were still sinning. For example, Cain killing Abel, right? And people's wickedness in Noah's time. But without the written law, sin was not clearly defined or measured. You could not say that you know this is how bad the sin is or it could not be defined or measured. And people didn't have a clear standard to compare themselves uh against. Okay? That I've broken something or done something. I've gone against uh God. I've done something wrong. Now, sin came after sin after the law. Let's look at sin after the law. Now, when God gave the law, okay, that is the ten commandments and the rest of the law. Sin could now be counted against people. Okay? Because now there was a clear standard. Okay. Hey, you've done this, you've done this wrong. You know, you've sinned. There's judgment. There's punishment. There's consequences. Example, before the law, someone may steal and feel it's wrong because they still have their conscience, right? But after the law, there is there was a written command. You shall not steal. Now people could recognize, hey, I have broken God's law by stealing and I am guilty. Okay. So what changed with the law? What changed when the law came? Before the law, sin was real but not held to account in the same way. But after the law was given, sin became clearly exposed and undeniable. Nobody can say I've not broken the law or nobody can say I've not done anything wrong. Okay? People could not excuse themselves because God's standard was written down very very clearly. Okay? Verse 14. Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those who had not sinned according to the likeness of the transgression of Adam, who is a type of him who was to come. Okay. So, let's try to explain or understand what he's saying in verse 14. The first thing he's saying, death reigned from Adam to Moses. So, Adam sinned by breaking a very specific command that God had asked them not to do. Do not eat from that tree. So, from Adam until Moses, was there any written law? >> No. The law was not yet given. The law came through Moses. Now, still during that time, people kept dying. Yes or no? >> Yes. Why? Because sin was still present in the world even though it was not spelled out or written down as laws or commandments. And death showed the reality of sin's power. Right? The consequence of sin is death. The wages of sin is death. Now, even those who had not sinned according to the likeness of Adam's transgression. What does that mean? Now, Adam's sin was unique. Why was it unique? Because it was against a direct clear instruction that God had given them. It was clear disobedience to an instruction or command that God had given them. Now, others after Adam up until Moses didn't have any specific commands from God to break. Okay? But they still sinned in their own ways or sin was still there in the world. So Paul is saying that even if they did not sin like Adam who was given a explicit commandment and he broke it and he disobeyed that command. Okay. They still sinned and death still reigned over death even though the others didn't have any commandments from the time of Adam until Moses Moses but even then people still sinned and death still reigned over them. You're able to understand? >> Yes. Now coming to Adam who is a type him who was to come. Yes, Samuel. >> Yeah. I I just want to to clarify. >> Yes. >> Uh when we say the law came with Moses and when we say that there was no law before Moses and I look at the instruction that was given to Adam and Eve, I I just want to understand it sounds like a very clear law with a consequence. Yes. >> In the garden. >> Yes. >> So which which what should we say about that? >> So what we say about that is that yes, Adam had an you know a a command from God. He knew what he should do and what he should not do. Okay. And when he disobeyed, he sinned against God. Sin came into the world. And as a result of that, the consequence of that was death. And all who were born after that were born in Adam's nature. Okay? And so the nature is that all of them sinned. And the reality of that is that they all face the consequence of death. So he's basically presenting here and saying the the the focus is not more on u you know um that there was a law there was no law you know so people uh who did not have the law you know how could they be uh uh uh how could they die how could their sin be justified um you know they were innocent and all of those things we can you know he's not he's not talking about it in that detailed sense I am explaining each line and each phrase and word so that we can understand but what he is actually building up to is you know that because of Adam what came into the world sin and what was a consequence of that sin >> death so there was death and between sin and death everything all the problems that are there you know was reigning uh in life but he's talking about the second man or the last Adam that is Jesus Christ and what we re receive as a result of that. So why is it becoming more uh uh why is the focus more on law being there not being there is because I'm trying to explain each and every phrase and line but that's not what Paul is actually focusing in on zeroing in on but he's zeroing in on you know what we received through the first Adam and what we received to the last Adam what we received through the first man what we received to the second man does that help Samuel Yeah. Yeah. Thank you. >> Okay. Thank you. So he says Adam who is a type of him who was to come. So Adam is called a type. What is the meaning of a type? A pattern a shadow you know a foreshadow a picture of something greater bigger that is to come. You know the Old Testament rituals, temple sacrifices, temple rituals, u the celebrations, feasts, festivals are all a type that means a pattern, a foreshadow, a picture of something that greater that is coming. And who is that? Pointing to Jesus Christ. So Adam's action that is one man's disobedience okay affected the whole human race and as a result of that sin and death spread to everyone but in the same way Jesus who is the second man okay the last Adam okay by by his obedience what does it bring righteousness and life to all who believe amen >> brings righteousness and life to all who believe. Okay, moving on. So, Adam is a type, a shadow or an example of him who was to come, someone else who is going to come, who is a reality, someone who is much bigger, much greater. Okay? So, there is a resemblance. What came through one man affected many. In the same way what comes to the second man also will affect many. So that is the the semblance okay the similarity that to one man sin came death came affected the entire human race but also to the second man you know um what comes is also going to affect the whole human race. The second man is Jesus. So this is a resemblance he's going to point out in this chapter, the rest of this chapter. Okay, moving on to verse 15. But the free gift is not like the offense. For if by the one man's offense many died, much more the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abounded to many. So the first man, Adam, what did he bring? He brought trespass and offense or sin. The second and that is the last Adam brings what? The free gift. Okay. So the first man to the first man's offense what came? What's the result of the first man's offense? Death. Yes. Second man free gift brings the grace of God which is abounding to many. Okay. And this grace of God is a free gift to everyone. Verse 16. And the gift is not like that which came to the one who sinned. For the judgment which came from one offense resulted in condemnation, but the free gift which came from many offenses resulted in justification. So the free gift came came though there was so much sin in this world. Okay. But it resulted in just being us being justified as being made righteous before God. So through Adam there is condemnation but through Jesus there is justification. Okay. There is uh yeah justification we are made righteous and we have the eternal life. Okay. Verse 17. For if by one man's offense death reigned through the one man, how much more those who receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness will reign in life through the one Jesus Christ. Amen. So again here he's contrasting. He's saying one man's off offense brought what? Death to everyone. It brought condemnation to everyone. One man's offense, death ruled. Okay? Or through one man's offense, death ruled means death reigned. Okay? Death reigned and ruled over everyone and we became subjects or we became slaves to the consequences of that sin. So death ruled means Satan had dominion over us. He ruled over us. Sin, sickness, Satan, and death ruled over every one of us. And because of Adam, we were made slaves to everything that came as a result to sin. But through Jesus, we receive what? Abundance of grace and the gift of righteousness. Okay. So, what will happen as a result of this? What will we receive because of the abundance of grace and the gift of righteousness? What will happen to us as a result of this? We will >> reign in life through the one that is Jesus Christ. Amen. >> So what has come to us through Jesus Christ? The grace of God and the righteousness of God puts us in a position to rule and reign in life. Amen. >> Okay. We are in a position to rule over what? To reign over what? To rule and reign over everything that Adam has made us slave to. So that means can you rule and reign over sickness? Can you rule and reign over sin? >> Can you rule and reign over death? >> Yes. Ultimately yes. Okay. Uh so in this life you and I I have you and I have mastery, authority, dominion over everything that Adam has made us slave to. Amen. Why? Because we have received abundance of grace and the gift of righteousness because of which we can rule and reign in life. And we are not slaves. We are now whom friends what else? >> Righteous sons. >> Righteous sons. Okay. What else you are? You are rulers. Right. Tell your neighbor you are a ruler >> through what Christ has done on the cross. We rule over everything that has made us that Adam has made us slaves to. Okay. So Adam made us slaves but Christ made us rulers. Right? Adam made us slaves but Christ has made us rulers. So there's nothing that you cannot overcome. Amen. That's why he comes to chapter 8 and he said we can you know we are more than conquerors. We can overcome everything. Why? Because see Paul is actually building up everything. Right? He he also comes in chapter six. He says we can we have dominion and power even over sin. We are dead to sin. Sin has no longer any dominion and control over us. So he's building that up here. He says because of Christ we have been made rulers. Verse 18. Therefore, as through one man's offense, judgment came to all men, resulting in condemnation, even so through one man's righteous act, the free gift came to all men, resulting in justification of life. So, he's basically repeating the same thing again and again because he's really saying, "Hey, you guys, I really want you to get it. You know, I wanted to really get it. I want you to really understand that that through m one man's judgment you know one man's offense sorry judgment came to all men which resulted in condemnation even so through one man's righteousness uh uh or one man's righteous act the free gift came to all men resulting in justification of life okay so he's saying this is the difference right okay going on to vers 19 and 20 and 21. So can somebody read verses 19, 20 and 21 please? More moreover [clears throat] the law >> 19 >> for as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners so also by one man's obedience many will be made by righteousness righteous >> verse 20 and 21 >> moreover the enter the that the offense may might abound. But where sin >> abounded >> abounded, grace abounded much more. So that as sin >> reigned in death, even so grace might reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our God, our Lord. >> Amen. Thank you. So here's the conclusion. Okay. What did the law do? The law highlighted that there is sin. And because they have broken the law, they have sinned. There's consequences for that sin. So where there was much sin, what does he say? For where there was much sin, what abounded? Grace abounded much more. Okay. Okay. >> Sin reigns but grace also reigns resulting in righteousness. Okay. So the essence is this. Sin and death reign but God's free gift of grace and righteousness through Jesus Christ gives us all eternal life. Amen. So the end result is that God's grace and God's work through Jesus is overpowering. Amen. It's superseding what happened through sin and death through Adam. Yes, there is sin. Okay. But where there is sin, grace abounds all the more or grace abounds much more. Sin reigns, but grace also reigns resulting in righteousness. Okay. So the end result is that God's grace and God's work through Jesus is overpowering and is superseding what happened through sin and death that came through Adam. So here in chapter five Paul is telling us the story of redemption. Okay. because of Adam's sin came and this is what happened and because of Jesus what happened uh and because of Jesus's death on the cross what happened as a result of that to us so what should we do we should embrace this truth that because of the grace of God and because of the gift of righteousness we are going to rule and reign in life amen so all of you tell yourself I'm going to rule >> and reign in life in life >> because >> of the grace of God >> and the gift of righteousness. >> Amen. >> So we need to think of ourselves like this that I rule or reign in life. Amen. or I have mastery, dominion, authority over everything that Adam has made us a slave to because we have received abundance of grace and the gift of righteousness. Amen. So if you look at your notes, there is a table, right? Adam and Jesus Christ, >> right? Okay. So let's look at that. Uh what is his name? Vijay, you want to read that? Verse 15, Adam's sin brought death to many. >> Verse 15, Adam's sin brought death to many. Uh Jesus Christ brought the gift of grace to many. Verse 16, Adam's sin brought judgment and condemnation. Through Jesus Christ took all our sin and released justification. Verse 17, Adam's sin brought us under in subjection to death. Jesus Christ released abundance of grace and the gift of righteousness, enabling us to reign in life. Verse 18, Adam's sin brought judgment and condemnation. Christ's righteous act on the cross brought the free gift of grace resulting in justification and life. Verse 19, >> resulting in justification that is righteousness and life. What life? >> Greek life. >> Zoe life. Yes. >> Verse 19. Adam's sin made all of us sinners. Christ's obedience makes all who believe righteous. >> Amen. So here he's you know uh I told you in these verses he's presenting the truth of our he's presenting these powerful truths but he's presenting the truths of our right of our uh of our identification of who we actually are in Christ. Okay. And I said this truth is presented only here in the New Testament. But also a little bit Paul mentions it in 1 Corinthians chapter 15 45- 48. So can somebody read that please? 1 Corinthians 15 45- 48. >> And so it is written the first man Adam became a living being. The last Adam became a lifegiving spirit. However, the spiritual is not first but the natural and afterward the spiritual. The first man was of the earth made of dust. The second man is the Lord from heaven. As was the man of dust, so also are those who are made of dust. And as is the heavenly man, so also are those who are heavenly. Verse 49, please. And as we have borne the image of the dust, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly man. Amen. Thank you. So here is another place where Paul is drawing a similar picture like we see in Romans chapter 5. Adam was a type of a man to come and who is that? Jesus. Yes. And then he draws the contrast as we see in Romans chapter 5. So here he in in in in 1 Corinthians chapter 15 45 to 48 you know he refers Adam here as the what does he say? Adam is the >> first Adam and Jesus Christ is the >> last Adam. The first Adam became a >> living being. The last Adam became a >> lifegiving spirit. Okay. So the last Adam, why is Jesus called us the last Adam here? Last Adam does not mean that he's the last in the human race. No, it means in Jesus there is an end to the Adamic race. Of course, the Adam's race continues. Technically, people are still born as human beings. Okay? They're still born in Adam's race. That means they're still born in sin. But spiritually in Jesus Christ, the last he's the last Adam, the Adamic race comes to an end. So spiritually Adam's race comes to an end in the last Adam that is in Jesus Christ. Okay. Verse 46 he says however the spiritual is not first but the natural and afterward the spiritual. Okay. So he speaks of the natural and the spiritual. So in the natural Adam's race continues. Technically, people are still born in the Adam's race, but spiritually in Christ, he is the last Adam. 47. The first man was of the earth made of dust. The second man is the Lord from heaven. So he refers Jesus to as here as what? He refers to Jesus as what? >> Second man. The first man was >> earthly natural. The second man Jesus is from heaven. Okay. So there there are two races so to speak. There is one race of people who are earthly of the first man Adam and there is another race of people who are spiritual who are in Christ and from above that is heavenly. So for these people who are spiritual they when they be receive Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior they come to an end of the admic race. That's why he goes on to say in in chapter six that you know um we are dead to sin. We no longer have the uh the the the nature to sin but now we have the life and the nature of God. Because when we are born again, we are dead to the Adamic race. And that is why Paul says we identify with Christ's death, his burial, his resurrection, his ascension, and him being seated at the right hand of the father. So people uh when they receive Jesus Christ they come to the end of the Adamic race and you know they are part of the second man or the last Adam who is the spiritual man from heaven and we are part of the new race. That's why we are born again. Now we have the life and nature of God living running in flowing through us. So people born of the second Adam, they are spiritual and they are born of heaven. You're able to understand? Yes. Verse 48. As was the man of dust, so also are those who are made of dust. As is the heavenly man, so are also those who are heavenly. Okay? So those who are natural, they bear the image of the earthly man that is Adam. They are like him. Okay? Whereas a spiritual people, you and I, we bear the image of the heavenly, the image of the one who is from heaven. That is why the Holy Spirit transforms us more into Christ likeness. Amen. Verse 49. And and as we have borne the image of the dust, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly man. Okay. So what does he mean by he said we shall also bear. Actually in the Greek it does not have a future to it but he says we now bear. Bear means let's show forth. Okay we will show forth our Christlikkeness. We will manifest his glory. We will manifest his power here on the earth that we belong to this new race the new new Adamic race. the second man, the last Adam who is from heaven. Okay. So in this verses he's doing a wonderful contrast. First Adam, first man who is the natural man. Last Adam, second man who is the spiritual man. The first Adam is made from earth. The last Adam is a man from sorry the first Adam is a man from earth. The last Adam is a man from heaven. In Adam, we all die, but in the last Adam, we will all live. Okay? And we all bear the image of the last Adam, the spiritual man from heaven. Amen. So Paul is writing all this to explain to us what happened to us because of Jesus Christ. Amen. Okay. Any questions? Any doubts? Any questions? Any doubts? on these ch on these verses. No questions. Okay. So, since we finished chapter 4, uh we'll have the first assessment that is chapters 1 to 4. So when can I give you that assessment? Thursday or Friday? >> Friday. >> Friday. Is that okay for our online students? Is Friday okay? Okay. I'll then you'll do can submit minute on Saturday right please um don't look at don't use tools you know God is watching you know that's more important not the marks it's important. These assessments are not to know how smart you are, how clever you are or whether you got full marks. It's about how well you have understood the uh what is taught and is this is a very important book. We studying the Bible. So even if you don't know, you can still refer to the notes and to the lectures and you know it'll be a reiteration of all of these important truths. So please don't try to finish the assessment like this. You can do it with a lot of tools you know online but engage in it learn and you know look at the notes and it'll be a good study again. So I request all of you to do it honestly and to look at it as something that you can learn. Okay. Is that fine? >> Yes ma'am. >> Online students is that fine all of you? Can I post it? Okay. Thank you. Okay. Any questions chapter 5 before we move on to chapter six? No. Okay. So, so far just uh in chapter 5, Paul has laid the foundation of the truth of our identification. He says in Adam who he calls as the first Adam, the first man, the natural man, the man of the earth. He says we have inherited sin. And because of sin, what has come into the world? >> Death. Okay? And everything else that became because of sin. And also we became enemies of God. We were without strength, condemned, and we face the wroth and judgment and eternal judgment that is hell as a result of being part of the Adamic race. But in Christ, whom he refers to as the last Adam, the second man, the spiritual man, the man from heaven, he says because of Christ, what he did on the cross, what have we inherited? peace with God, the gift of righteousness. We have been made justified. We have been made righteous. We have received the abundance of grace. So, we have a right standing in grace. We have been saved from the wroth of God. We have eternal hope. We experience the love of God. We have the life of God in us. We can rule and reign in life over every demonic oppression, over every trial, over every challenge that we face. And we bear the image that means we have the life and the nature of the heavenly man in us. Amen. So this is the powerful truth of our identification that he has so powerfully presented in chapter five. Now in chapter six he's sharing what he has already spoken about uh in Christ what we have received as the as an abundance of the grace and the gift of righteousness. So he's countering a question that people would ask or he's countering a question that would pop up in the mind of his readers which is should we continue in sin because God is giving us so much more grace. Okay. Yes, we are forgiven. We have been made righteous. We have been justified by the grace of God. And we understand that you know about you know uh living a life free from sin but he's thinking that in the mind of his reader somewhere this question will pop up should we continue living in sin so he's now transitioning to Christian living okay how do we live in view of the cross and what has happened as a result you know of what has what Christ has done on the cross and what he's bringing bringing out in Romans chapter 6 is an indepth identification of the truth of our identification. So he's connecting what you know what Jesus went through on the cross what he's accomplished on the cross he's trying to say he's trying to connect that and say this is now our identification that means Christ died on the cross we also died Christ was buried we are also buried Christ uh rose again we have also risen Christ um um uh uh you know has been exalted um uh you ascended to heaven, we are also ascended to heaven. Christ is seated at the right hand of God. We are also seated at the right hand of God. So he very powerfully brings out the fruits of our identification using the cross. Okay. So he's introduced it to us in Romans chapter 5. Who we were in Adam, who we were in Christ. So uh which is a good, you know, contrast that he's making. But let's take a deeper look at our understanding of our identification with what Jesus Christ has accomplished through our redemption on the cross or what he's done on the cross. Okay. And what does it mean to us and how does it affect our lives? Okay. So, not only are we forgiven of sin, but we're also delivered from sin. So, we don't have to live as slaves of sin anymore. So that is all what he is basically going to be talking in chapter six. Okay. So he's already told us that because of Adam's sin, we have all inherited sin and as a result of it is death and everything else. But in Romans chapter 6, he says that we have been set free from sin. Amen. Okay. But he explains to us how that has happened. Now based on the title of this chapter, okay, sin's power broken. Based on the uh title of this chapter, what is he talking about? Okay. Did Paul actually talk about sin? Yes. So what has he already established about sin and salvation? What do you think he has already established about sin and salvation in chapters 1 to chapter 5? What has he established about sin in chapters 1 to5? Come on. >> All have sinned. He's established the fact that we have all sinned and we have fallen short of the glory of God. What else has he established only that we have all sinned? What does he established in chapters five? In chapter five. >> Yes. very important that in chapter five that Jesus died for our sins and that we are all >> now we are all saved. Okay, we are all forgiven and his righteousness has been imputed into or put into our account and we have been made righteous and justified and we have a right standing in grace. Amen. Now when he has already talked about all this about sin then why is he talking about sin again here in chapter six. Okay so like I said in the inter introduction that this is a letter and not a chapter by chapter verse by verse. So like I mentioned in the introduction, we need when we're studying the book of Romans, we need to have a forward look and a backward look. Right? So what is introduced initially chapters 1 2 3 all about sin. Okay? Um is now further explained and built up now in chapter six. Which means we have to interpret what we are reading now in the context in which it was introduced and what else has been stated on this subject previously. That means what has he already talked about sin in the previous chapters chapters 1 to 5. Now we already saw in chapter 3 that Paul talks about sin. He says we have all sinned and he also says that we have been made justified or been made righteous by faith. Okay. So just like he raised several questions in chapter 3. Remember he raised some rhetorical questions in chapter 3. Yes or no? He raised up those questions to bring out the truths. Similarly he raises some questions in this chapter or in part of this you know uh of this letter as well. Okay. So in chapter six he addresses the main issue of the problem of sin and in uh in two main questions. What is the two main questions? The first main question is in verse one and the second one is in verse 15. So what is the first question about the problem of sin in verse one? Shall we continue in sin that grace may abound? >> Then the second main issue of sin or the problem of sin. The second main question is in verse 15. What is the question? >> Shall we sin because we're not under law but under grace. Now to answer those two main questions, these are the two main questions. Verse one, verse 15. Now to answer these two main two main questions, he has some followup questions that points to the spiritual truths. Okay. So to answer the first main question, what shall shall be continued in sin that grace may abound? He has two follow-up questions for that. What is the follow-up question? The first follow-up question is in verse two. What is the follow-up question? How shall we >> how shall we who died to sin live any longer in it? And verse three, what is the second follow-up question? Do you not know that many of us as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? Amen. Now, the second main question, verse 15, shall we sin because we're not under law but under grace? The two follow-up questions for this is in verse 16 and verse 21. What is a follow-up question in verse 16? >> Do you not know that to whom you present yourself slaves to obey, you are that one slaves whom you obey, whether of sin leading to death or of obedience leading to righteousness. The second main question was 21. What fruit did you have then in the things of which you are now ashamed? Now as Paul responds to these two main question, he introduces to us the truth about our identification and how that has set us free from the power from the dominion of sin. Okay. And then he also presents five actions action points that we must take to live from free from sin and live under grace that also he presents in this chapter. Okay. So he also presents with the with uh uh presents us with the truth that go God's grace has made us free from sin. Amen. Okay. So what should be our response to God's grace? Okay. Our response is that we must be willingly make ourselves slaves to God. We must willingly make ourselves slaves to righteousness which results in holy living before God. Amen. Okay. So this is a brief background to our study of chapter 6. So we will um we'll begin studying chapter six next week. Okay? Because we want to have time to look at it. Okay? Any questions so far? Any doubts? Friday, right? I can post the assessment. Yeah. >> Any questions? Any doubts? No. Okay. Okay, thank you all for joining class. Um, have a blessed day and I'll see you next week. Thank you. >> Thank you. Just please be seated here.