Open Comments: S3 Ep.7 - The Interoperability Imperative: Exploring the OSDU® Data Platform Stand...
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The episode features Curly Thomas, a strategic product owner at Chevron and lead for standards within the Open Group OSDU Forum, discussing the significance of the newly released OSDU Data Platform Standard version 1.0. This milestone addresses long-standing industry challenges such as data fragmentation, vendor lock-in, and high integration costs that have historically plagued the energy sector. By establishing a stable, vendor-neutral foundation with consistent behaviors for APIs, the standard aims to eliminate data silos and enable applications to operate seamlessly across different cloud providers and vendors. The core value proposition is not merely technical interoperability but business predictability, ensuring that operators can trust platforms to behave consistently regardless of the underlying implementation, much like passengers rely on predictable airline operations without needing to understand jet engine mechanics.
Adoption of this standard promises to transform the industry by shifting focus from connecting disparate systems to generating tangible business value from data. As more operators, software vendors, and cloud providers align with these expectations, organizations can anticipate lower integration costs, faster deployment of digital solutions, and reduced technology risk. A critical component of this ecosystem is the certification program, which turns trust into a measurable outcome by verifying that platforms meet agreed-upon requirements. This verification process reduces uncertainty for all stakeholders, giving operators confidence in platform reliability, vendors assurance that their applications will run broadly, and developers a predictable environment to innovate upon. Ultimately, success is defined not by the publication of a document but by a marketplace where interoperability is assumed rather than negotiated, allowing teams to spend less time on system connections and more time creating value.
Despite the technological readiness of open platforms, the path to widespread adoption faces significant hurdles primarily rooted in organizational change and data governance rather than technology itself. Many organizations struggle with legacy systems, accumulated technical debt, and poor data quality issues such as inconsistent naming conventions and duplicate records, which must be addressed through robust stewardship processes before interoperability can truly flourish. Furthermore, shifting from a culture where teams own isolated data repositories to one of shared, reusable data requires strong executive sponsorship and new governance models that foster cross-functional collaboration. The biggest challenge remains building consensus among competitors and diverse stakeholders who must recognize that solving common industry problems like data fragmentation requires collective effort rather than individual action, making community participation essential for the standard's evolution.
Looking ahead, Curly Thomas envisions a future where OSDU becomes the universal infrastructure for oil and gas data, comparable to how TCP/IP underpins the internet or GPS enables navigation. The next five years will likely be defined by the convergence of standards and artificial intelligence, moving the industry from a bottleneck of data preparation to one where domain expertise drives insights. This evolution will enable truly portable applications that are not tied to specific vendors, accelerating innovation cycles and allowing organizations to choose solutions based on value rather than integration cost. To realize this vision, the community must continue to demonstrate measurable business outcomes like reduced well planning times and improved operational efficiency, proving that open ecosystems deliver real returns on investment. The ultimate goal is for OSDU to serve as a trusted foundation that empowers the energy industry to make faster, better decisions through accessible and interoperable data, inviting all stakeholders to join the journey and contribute to this transformative future.
Read the full video transcript
Welcome back to Open Comments with me,
Ash. Today we're joined by Curly Thomas,
strategic product owner at Chevron and
workg groupoup lead for standards and
certification within the Openroup OSU
forum. [music]
We recently published a
thought-provoking article with Curly on
the OSU data platform standard version
1.0, [music]
a milestone that promises greater
interoperability, consistency, and
confidence across the energy industry's
data ecosystem. In his article, he
describes version 1.0 zero [music] as a
stable, predictable foundation designed
to enable applications and platforms to
work together more effectively across
cloud providers and vendors. In this
episode, we'll discuss the significance
of the standard [music] Kurley's career
journey, the role of lifelong learning,
why collaboration remains [music] at the
heart of innovation and what's next for
the industry. Thank you for joining us
today on Open Comments. Girly, [music]
let's dive in, shall we?
>> Absolutely. Thank you, Ash. Thank you.
For listeners who may not know your
background, can you tell us about your
career journey and how you arrived at
your current role as strategic product
owner at Chevron? [music] So, first of
all, thank you for having me today, Ash.
I really appreciate the opportunity. I
attended Howard University in Washington
DC and I studied computer science and
electrical engineering. Ironically, even
though I work at Chevron today, I
started my career in oil and gas at
Exxon Mobile. I worked on systems and
supported applications literally in the
oil fields from Kansas down to King
Ranch gas plant in South Texas. [music]
I've managed and installed and supported
systems on drilling rigs and production
platforms in the Gulf of Mexico and
multiple countries AC across Africa. And
how I got into standards is I was asked
to create a standard template for how we
submit wellboard schematics for wells
drilled offshore. What I developed was
adopted by the engineer to submit
permits consistently to the government
to the US [music] government. Uh, I've
been at Chevron since 2012 and I've held
roles as a well modeled specialist up to
leading our enterprise data governance
[music] team um, across Chevron and and
so as part of one of our recent
restructurings, [music] I moved into
this role in our subsurface organization
to streamline our data governance and
standards across subsurface. I've been
involved in multiple standards bodies
across drilling and production processes
and I also serve I also served on the
board of PPDM for several years. So um
you know I've been um in this space for
a number of years. I'm very um fluent
and familiar with standards and excited
to continue this work.
>> Thank you. And in your recent blog for
the open group blog site, you described
the OSDU data platform standard version
1.0 as a major milestone for the
industry. For those that may be new to
OSU, what problem is the standard
solving that early approaches could not?
Good question, Asha. You know,
historically subsurface data has been
stored in multiple proprietary
applications and databases.
uh the data has been locked behind
vendor specific interfaces. It's been
difficult and expensive to integrate. Uh
it also requires custom point-to-point
connections between applications. Uh
it's been duplicated. You know, the data
has been duplicated across organizations
and workflows [music]
and there's multiple copies everywhere
and it's challenging to use consistently
for analytics. Do I have the right
version of the truth? It's it's
difficult for AI and digital workflows.
So what does this lead to? It leads to
data silos. You're locked into certain
vendors. There's high integration cost,
slow application deployment, limited
data reuse, difficulty scaling, digital
transformation initiatives. And so the
OSDU data platform standard version 1.0,
zero. It actually solves the industry's
data fragmentation problem by creating a
stable, vendorneutral, interoperable
[music]
data foundation for subsurface and
energy data. I think it enables
applications, data and workflows to
operate consistently across platforms.
It reduces integration cost. It emulate
it. It the plan and the intent is to
[music] eliminate data silos. Um and
this helps to minimize the vendor lock
lock lock in that I mentioned and it
also helps to accelerate analytics AI
and digital transformation initiatives.
So and lastly the last point on that I
wanted to say was the standard also
establishes a certification baseline so
organizations know that a platform
behaves according to agreed requirements
that can reliably support um OSDU
compatible applications. And so I think
that's um uh the intent here.
>> You write that version 1.0 establishes
detailed consistent behaviors for a
defined set of APIs and creates a
predictable interface between
applications and platform
implementations. Why is that
predictability so important?
>> This is actually one of the most
important questions that an executive
can ask about the standard. See the
value is not in the APIs themselves.
It's in the business predictability they
create. So think about when you get on
an airplane. [music] So when you board a
flight, you don't care how the jet
engine works. What you care about is its
predictability. You care that the plane
departs when it's expected. The destin
the destination is where you expect it.
The pilot understands the controls.
Safety [music] standards are consistent.
And in our industry, because we've
standardized those or or in that
industry, should I say, because they've
standardized those behaviors, airlines,
airports, manufacturers, and passengers,
[music]
they all operate with confidence. So the
intent of the OSDU data platform
standard is to provide that same level
of predictability [snorts] for energy
data platforms.
And moving on to industry impact, how
will this standard change [music] the
day-to-day experience of operators,
technology providers, and software
developers? [music]
So for operators, the standard reduces
integration cost and and increases
flexibility. For technology providers,
it creates a trusted certification
baseline. For software developers, it
provides a predictable platform on which
to innovate. And for the industry, it
transforms data interoperability
from a custom project into [music] an
expected capability. And I think that's
how it changes the day-to-day
experience.
>> Mhm. Next. [music] Interoperability has
long been a challenge in energy data
management. What practical benefits can
organizations expect [music] as adoption
increases?
So as the adoption of the OSDU data
platform grows, the benefits compound
because more operators, more software
vendor vendors, more cloud providers and
service companies began working from the
same set of expected of expectations and
behaviors. The practical benefits Ash
extend far between technical
interoperability and as adoption grows,
organizations should expect lower
integration costs again faster
deployment of digital solutions
giving you a diverse set of u um
supplier choices, right? And then
improve we also see improved
collaboration.
The hope is accelerated AI adoption and
reduce technology risk. I think
ultimately the OSDU data platform
standard helps shift [music] industry
effort away from connecting systems and
toward generating business value from
the data. And that's the goal here,
right? Is to generate [music] more of
that business value in an easier, more
consistent way.
>> Mhm. And following that question,
certification is a major focus of the
working group. How does certification
help organizations build trust [music]
and accelerate adoption?
For me as certification is ultimately
about turning trust into a measurable
verifiable outcome. Without
certification, every organization must
independently determine whether a
platform truly behaves as expected. So
that means performing extensive testing,
conducting due diligence and accepting a
degree of uncertainty
wherever a new platform, application or
provider is introduced. And [music] so
what the data uh what the data platform
standard version 1.1 1.0 establishes
uh is a well- definfined baseline of
behaviors and conformance requirements
[music] and the certification program it
provides an objective mechanism to
verify that imple implementations meet
those requirements. So, so as part of uh
certification, we're developing this
verification matrix and the associated
test scripts and and and and again
certification transforms
interoperability from a promise into
proof. So, it gives operators confidence
that platforms will behave consistently.
It gives software vendors confidence
that applications will run across
implementations [music] and it gives the
industry a trusted foundation for
adoption and that's really critical
there for the certification. So by
reducing uncertainty and risk and again
that's the goal here certification
accelerates investment innovation and
ecosystem growth [music]
>> and looking ahead what does success look
like one year after version 1.0 is
released sorry pause and looking ahead
what does [music]
>> I'm sorry
>> okay looking ahead what does success
look like
since [music] version 1.0 zero has now
released.
>> So again, it was really exciting to get
the initial version of the data platform
standard across the finish line. Really
a lot of work went into that. And so I
my thinking is that one year after the
release, uh su
success will not be measured by the
publication of a standard document. You
know, so we we were really excited to
get it across the finish line. We we
published the standard, [music]
but it shouldn't be measured by that
document. And they should be measured by
confidence in the marketplace. Success
means operators trusting certified
platforms, vendors building applications
against a predictable interface, reduced
integr integration [music] effort,
faster deployment of digital solutions,
and in a growing ecosystem where
interoperability is assumed rather than
negotiated. So when organizations spend
less time connecting systems and more
time creating value from the data, we
will know that the standard is
succeeding. And that's what I'm that's
what I'm looking forward to.
>> And what are the most likely
implementation challenges [music] for
teams trying to align existing systems
with the new standard?
This is a critical question because the
biggest challenge is not again the
standard itself. It's the reality that
most organizations already have years or
decades of existing applications, data
stores and business processes in place.
and based upon the objectives of the
OSDU data platform standard and the
forum's emphasis on interoperability
certification [music] and standardized
platforms uh um the most the most likely
implementation challenges fall into five
categories I think and so just bear with
me one second while I go through these I
think the first one of the categories is
legacy data and application complexity
many existing systems they were not
designed around common standards uh data
may be stored in proprietary formats dup
duplicated across systems or tightly
coupled to specific applications. So
different companies they'll need to
determine what data should be migrated,
what data should remain in legacy
systems, how existing applications
interact with the OSDU ecosystem, which
integrations can be retired versus which
can be maintained. And the standards
goal is to reduce silos and provide a
common framework for organizations
[music]
and accessing data. But again those
companies must first reconcile years of
accumulated technical debt. And so the
challenge is often or complexity rather
than technology. [music] That's kind of
one point. And then the the another
point I want to make is data quality and
standardization. Interoperability
depends on more than platform
connectivity. It also depends on having
well-governed data. Many organizations
discover that they have inconsistent
naming convictions, again, duplicate
records, missing metadata, varying
interpretations of business, business
concepts, historical data quality
issues, and and [music] I can go on and
on about data quality. And I think the
standard enables common access patterns
[music] and behavior. But poor quality,
I'm sorry, but poor but poor quality
data remains poor quality data until
governance and stewardship processes
address it. And so that that's not the
standard, right? That's something
companies have to address themselves.
Another point I'd like to make is or
organizational change comment uh I'm
sorry, organizational change management.
One of the most underestimated
challenges is the [music] is changing
how people work. Again, historically
teams own their own data and in their
own data repositories. Applications
[music]
operate independently. uh processes may
have evolved around local requirements
and then applications have just been
bolted on and bolted on and bolted on.
[music] So the OSDU vision promotes
shared interoperable and I keep using
that word uh [music] interoperable
reusable data and a common foundation
across the ecosystem. [music]
What this requires again is companies
having new governance models, clear data
ownership, crossf functional
collaboration and I think one of the
most important [music] things and under
served is executive sponsorship that's a
critical path in order for this to be
successful.
>> Mhm.
>> So and finally I guess adoption is much
about people challenge as it is around
as it is a technology challenge.
>> Mhm. and pivoting to the power of
collaboration. One of the most
interesting aspects of the OSD forum is
that competitors, operators, cloud
providers and software vendors all work
together. What makes that collaboration
possible? According to you,
I think Ash this is the probably the
most important story behind OSGU. On the
surface, it seems surprising that
competitors, operators, cloud providers,
software companies uh would collaborate
so closely. In reality, that
collaboration is possible because member
companies recognize they all benefit
from solving a common industry problem
that no one can solve alone. [snorts]
You know, data fragmentation and the
lack of interoperability. That's the
problem no one can solve by themselves.
Even in in in the certification work
group that I lead, we have participants
from Microsoft, AWS,
uh SLB, we have uh other companies that
are you know vendor companies and so we
are all working together uh to to to
expand the standard. So every
stakeholder has experienced the cost of
fragmented data ecosystems. Operators
face high integration cost and slow
digital transformation. Vendors must
support multiple proprietary
environments. Cloud providers need a
consistent platform on which customers
can build. Service companies spend
significant effort moving and
transforming data between systems. The
forum was created to provide a common
foundation that reduces those
inefficiencies and actually enables
better access to data across the
industry. So looking forward to uh you
know how we continue to grow and evolve
>> together.
>> That's great. and you've said publicly
that you'd like to see [music] OSU
become the standard for oil and gas
data. What will it take to achieve that
vision or is it already being achieved?
I I think this is the get this what this
is what gets to the heart of OSDU's
long-term mission. So if OSDU is to
become the standard for oil and gas data
success in my opinion requires more than
just publishing standards and
certifications. It requires the industry
to view OSDU as essential
infrastructure. Think about like TCP IP
for those of you who understand
technology and are technical. How TCPIP
or an IP as we all know became the
foundation of the internet. There was
there were multiple technologies around
that but TCPIP became the foundation for
the internet or if you think about GPS
right GPS became the foundation for
navigation everybody know associates GPS
[music] with navigation
the standard must deliver business value
right measurable measurable business
value ultimately standards win because
they solve business problems better than
the [music] alternatives operators you
know as a result of this uh when I say I
want OSD to become the standard for oil
and gas. I think operators must
experience faster project delivery,
lower integration costs, reduce vendor
lock in, quicker deployment of AI and
analytics uh and better access to data
and reuse. And so [music] I think that's
important. And if leaders consistently
see better outcomes from their OSDU
investments, adoption will accelerate. I
mean quite naturally in my opinion. So
the mission emphasizes should I say the
OSD you mentioned mission emphasizes
better and faster adoption
uh better and faster business decisions
through ex let me pause
okay I'm going to pick up after
when I said better data
reuse better data access and reuse
Uh okay, coming back in three, two, one.
If leaders consistently see better
outcomes from OSDU aligned investments,
adoptional will accelerate naturally.
The OSDU mission emphasizes better and
faster business decisions through
accessible, interoperable, trusted, and
deployable data. So for OSDU to become
the industry standard Ash software
providers need to see OSDU compatibility
as a commercial advantage. Developers
need confidence that apps built once can
be deployed broadly. Platform behavior
is predictable. Customers increasingly
demand OSDU compatibility compatibility.
>> Thank you. And what have you learned
about building consensus among
organizations that often have very
different priorities?
Wow, that's a tough one, Ash. And I
think uh uh consistent building is
probably the hardest part of all of this
to be to to to be quite honest. First of
all, OFDU is a volunteer organization.
We all do this in our spare time because
we see the value of what this can bring
to the industry. I've seen this work and
I've been a part of other successful
standard bodies in the past. It just
takes time and commitment. It also
requires member companies to commit
resources. It can't just be Curly Thomas
from Chevron developing an industry
standard. I am asking all the curly
thomases from Exxon, from Shell, from
SLB, from Hallebertton, [music]
Aspentech, Vidian, AWS, Microsoft and
all the other operators, service
providers, software vendors, and cloud
providers to come and join us. And I
think uh you know, having done this,
I've learned so much that [music] it's
it's it's a commitment, right? You
you've got to be committed to see it
through. If you understand and see that
the long-term vision and value and how
it can impact what we do in our own
companies, then we have to be committed
through the journey.
I'm pivoting to [music]
community building. The OSU forum has
grown significantly since its founding
and continues to evolve as a community.
What has impressed you most about the
collaboration you've seen so [music]
far?
So the community is over 200 members
strong and it's a sustained number of
members. And so what I've been impressed
about that is, you know, um a lot of
these efforts see a significant drop in
membership when
some of these companies don't see the
results immediately. But not OSDU. In
fact, it continues to grow. What I like
hearing is on our uh regular calls, they
talk about, hey, we have such and such
as a new member who joined. we have such
and such company to join. And so while
things are not perfect and there are
many opportunities, I'm impressed with
how we continue to evolve.
>> And for someone considering contributing
to an industry forum or standards
effort, what would you tell them about
the value of participating?
Uh, this is a question I feel strongly
about because I've seen firsthand how
participation in standards efforts like
OSDU can create value far beyond the
technical deliverables. I would say that
for anyone considering contributing to
an industry forum or standards
initiative initiative. My advice would
be this. [music] Don't view
participation as volunteering time to
write standards. View is view it as an
opportunity to shape the future
direction of your industry. I think
that's critical. And so you help and
what you're doing is you're helping
solve problems bigger than just in your
company and many of the many of of the
industry's toughest challenges uh
interoperability again data
fragmentation digital transformation AI
readiness and workforce [music]
efficiency can't be solved by one
operator by one vendor by one cloud
provider alone. It takes all of us
together solving these problems.
And now [music] the future of energy
data. As you think about the next 5
years, what developments in data
platforms, standards [music] or AI are
you most excited about?
So this is this is uh a question that
really excites me about
um you know where we're going and I
believe we're at the beginning of a
fundamental shift in how the energy
industry works with data and and that's
so again hear me out that's my opinion.
So I think that you know in the next 5
years there's three development areas
that stand out one everyone knows this
it's the convergence of standards and
AI. So today most AI projects spend a
significant amount of effort finding,
cleaning, organiza, organizing and
understanding data before any value is
created. What I like about the
combination of OSDU and AI is the
possibility of moving from data
preparation being the bottleneck to
domain expertise becoming the
differentiator. So the OSDU data
platform standard was designed to create
a stable a stable interoperable
foundation with consistent behaviors and
accessible data. The forum's vision to
uh emphasizes accessible, interoperable,
sharable, trusted and deployable data.
And as standards mature and and and
adoption grows, or should I say as the
standard matures and adoption grows, AI
systems will be able to operate against
more consistent data structures and
metadata. In my opinion, that should
allow subsurface professionals to spend
more time evaluating opportunities and
less time searching for information. And
that's always been one of the goals of
the forum. And so that's exciting
because for many years we focused on
managing data, right? And so the next 5
years that may be about enabling systems
to understand and reason over the data
in ways that directly support business
[music] decisions. We talk about
business outcomes like what are the
business outcomes we are uh focused on
and not [music] just you know uh
managing data. The other thing is the
emergence of truly portable energy
applications.
One of the [music] original goals too
was to create a technology agnostic
foundation where applications could
operate different platform
implementations. So I believe the
industry's approach is is at a point
where applications become more portable,
integration becomes less expensive,
vendor lock in decreases, innovation
[music] cycles accelerate, and that's
what we're looking for is more
innovation at a faster pace. So in other
words, organizations may increasingly
choose sol solutions based on which
application creates the most [music]
value rather than which application can
we afford to integrate and that's
healthier for for for everyone involved
and the ecosystem as a whole.
>> Mhm. And where [music] do you see the
greatest opportunities for the OSU
community moving forward?
I think the the the biggest
opportunities for the OSDU community
community is to transform OSDU from a
data platform into the trusted
foundation for digital workflows and AI
across the energy industry. You know,
we've largely [music] proven that
interoperability is possible. The next
step is proving that interoperability
delivers measurable business uh
measurable business value. [music]
If the community can combine open
standards, certification, enterprise AI
and workflow modernization into a
seamless ecosystem, I think OSDU can
become the for energy data what the
internet became for information, a
common foundation that enables
innovation at scale. And that's really
what I believe.
>> Mhm. and what barriers still need to be
overcome to unlock the full potential of
open data ecosystems.
>> You know, I was waiting for you to ask
me a question about our challenges. Uh,
you know, this is an important question
because the technology is no longer the
primary constraint. [music] In many
ways, the industry has proven that open
platforms, common schemas, and
interoperable APIs are achievable. I
think the bigger challenge is creating
the conditions for widespread adoption
and sustained value creation. If I look
across the community, Ash uh and I look
at the discussions, the standards work,
certification efforts and the adoption
initiatives, I see several barriers that
still need to be overcome and one is
data quality and governance. And I think
you know enough said there. I think we
all understand that barrier. I think
adoption and ecosystem participation
uh our ecosystems become valuable when
enough participants contribute. So
[music] what we need is more
participation uh to help us get across
the uh the finish line. So I think the
standard only becomes powerful when
operators request it, vendors support
it, developers build against it, service
providers integrate with it. I think
that's really a critical path for us as
we continue to evolve in the forum. Then
there's certification and trust. One of
the biggest uh remaining opportunities
and barriers is creating a trusted
certification ecosystem. But I'm proud
to say that we are on that journey and
um we are building out again I think I
mentioned this earlier uh a solid
verification matrix with the associated
test scripts and again certification is
just that mechanism for uh the ability
to build customer trust ensure
application compatibility uh validate
performance and enable predictable
platform behavior and so and again my
goal is this the industry must reach a
point where when we say [music] OSDU
certified it clear it carries clear and
well understood meaning and that's
that's really what we're hoping to
achieve in this uh in the standards
[music] and certification work group and
then one other point I want to make is
de demonstrated business value so open
ecosystems succeed when they solve
business problems uh se several
artifacts uh emphasize measurable
outcomes like reduced well planning time
reduced integration effort uh faster
workflows reduced technical debt um and
Then of course improved operational
efficiency. So I [music] think that's
those are some of the barriers that are
still out there and but I feel like we
can overcome those and you know the the
community just must continue
demonstrating real return on investment
you know real solid production use cases
operational improvements you know the
[music] big thing is AI right so AI
enablement and then also time and cost
savings [music] so again business
leaders invest in outcomes they don't
invest in standards and I think that'll
[music] help us get there
>> and For our listeners who are interested
in learning more about the OSU data
[music] platform standard version 1.0
and the work the OSU forum, please visit
the open groupoup OU forum [music] and
to read Curly's article two. We'll also
add all the links in the description box
below. Now for our closing question,
what is one idea, principle or lesson
that you hope listeners take [music]
away from this conversation?
>> So again, thank you for having me today,
Asher. It's really been a joy. um
discussing this one of my favorite
topics here with you. I think OSDU can
be a gamecher for our industry. But in
order to get the win, we need more
companies to join us on this journey.
[music] If we do this together, we get
there faster. So, I'm calling on those
of you who are not members [music] and
to get off the sidelines, as we say, and
get into the game. And I also want to
invite those of you listening to come
and join us at the uh OSDU forum summit
in Houston, Texas during the week of
October 26th through 30th. Uh I think uh
registration is already open now and um
you can actually jo um find that on the
open groups website. But again, the
summit is [music] in Houston during the
week of October 26th through 30th. And
then come see some of the real world
presentations on how the platform is
being implemented across the energy
industry from operators, software
companies, and the different cloud
providers. You can also learn more about
the platform. You can get updates on all
the different work groups and meet
others like yourself and learn more
about their OSDU journeys.
>> Thank you, Curly. Thanks so much for
joining us today on the Open Comments
podcast and for sharing your insights
and standards, collaboration,
innovation, and the future of energy
data. To our listeners open comments
community, we hope you enjoyed this
episode as much as we have. And we look
forward to bringing more topics into the
fold just like this [music] one to you
very soon. Thank you. Stay safe and
happy listening.
>> [music]
>> Heat. Hey, Heat.
[music]