LDCs’ experiences in transparency reporting, part 2: loss and damage

Hi, good morning. Thank you all for joining us today. We are about to start uh with this uh second webinar on LDCs experiences in transparency reporting uh on adaptation and loss and damage. And today we will focus on loss and damage. And while we wait for other people to join, uh we'll start briefly introducing myself. Uh I'm Fernanda Alcobé and I work uh in the climate diplomacy team in IIED. I as um I was mentioning, I'm working at IIED and we are jointly we have the pleasure to jointly organize this webinar series with the LDC group uh on preparing the biennial transparency reports. Last Wednesday we we had the pleasure to to have the the LDC chair, Ambassador Adão Soares Barbosa, opening this two series two series of two webinar series. Uh and we listened to a great panel panelists talking about adaptation, reporting on adaptation chapter in the BTR. Today, as I was mentioning, we will um focus on reporting on loss and damage. Uh as you know, the the biennial transparency reports is the main vehicle to to report on the Paris Agreement and is the only instrument through which countries can uh provide information related to enhancing understanding, actions, and support to avert, minimize, and address loss and damage associated with climate change. And this series uh this series is aimed of at offering ideas and concrete examples to other countries that are joining today or they can watch later the recording. And so encouraging those who have not yet submitted the VTR or have not yet uh submitted the chapter, the adaptation chapter, uh or the with the including the loss and damage section to do so. And today [clears throat] we have another amazing panel with experts from Malawi, Madagascar, and Zambia. I will like uh encourage them to turn their cameras on, and if we can spot the put them on the spotlight. Um and I will be also moderating the the panel today. Uh we were um we were we announced like uh Yami Kanidrees uh from Malawi and the lead negotiator for the LDCs will uh was going to uh moderate, but he unfortunately has uh another uh clashing commitment, so he will probably join us later. And so we will uh I will be moderating this uh panel where we will have we will we have uh Lalaina Aminisoa. Uh Lalaina is head of database monitoring and evaluation division at the National Office for Climate Change and Red Plus at the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development of Madagascar. And we have also uh Gambe Sinkandongwe. He is the principal green economy officer uh and the business development at the Ministry of green economy and environment at the um in Zambia. And we also have Annie Mapulanga. She's a principal economist at the Department of Disaster Management Affairs. And Annie at the in Malawi. And Annie was part of the team preparing Malawi's VTR working particularly on the loss and damage section. And all of them have been involved in preparing their countries uh BTR. Um I can see I don't know if we have some issues with uh Gamwe, maybe I cannot see him. Uh >> I think he's dropped off, Fernanda, but we'll try and get him back on. >> Okay, perfect. Thanks so much. So, uh while we wait uh for Gamwe to rejoin, uh we will we will start with uh Lalaina. And welcome, Lalaina. Thanks so much for joining, and thanks Annie also for joining us today. And uh the first question is about uh reporting on the BTR on the on the adaptation. So, we know that reporting on loss and damage and adaptation in the BTR, they it's a voluntary uh section. The countries that don't need to report on that mandatorily. So, what we would like to know what motivated Madagascar to include it, and what what did you hope to achieve by reporting on on loss and damage in your BTR? >> Yes, thank you so much, Fernanda. Uh good afternoon, everyone. Uh as introduced by Fernanda, I'm Lalaina from Madagascar. Um I work at the Ministry of Environment in the National Office for Climate Change and the Red Plus. Uh I was a sole member of the team that worked on BTR, Madagascar's BTR 1, um which was submitted in March 2026. So, thank you for inviting Madagascar to participate in this webinar. It's a pleasure to be with you today. Um so, before answering the question, I'd like to give you a brief overview of the context of island of Madagascar. So Madagascar is one of countries most vulnerable to climate change. >> [gasps] >> We are already facing stronger tropical cyclones, uh droughts in the south part, floods, and coastal erosion. So these events cause major economic losses, but also non-economic impacts, including loss of life, health problems, damage to biodiversity and ecosystem. So this reality motivated us to include loss and damage in the BTR1. And though reporting on loss and damage is voluntary in the BTR, uh Madagascar considered it important to include this information because um it allows us to present a more complete and realistic picture of the climate impact affecting our country. So [snorts] as a least developed country, Madagascar views the BTR as a valuable opportunity to report on loss and damage, document economic and non-economic impacts, identify data gaps, and strengthen national planning and information systems. Uh climate But like it >> credible information on loss and damage appropriate to fund. >> Sorry, Lelaina, it seems that we lost you for some seconds. Uh the last Yeah, the last part that was where you were explaining uh that the losses and and why you were like you wanted to report because of the importance of having data base and information in your country. And I think from that we we lost you a bit. If you can repeat that >> Okay, sorry for the Sorry for the connection is not very good for today. Yeah. So, as I said, um as a least developed country, Madagascar choose to be TR as a valuable opportunity to report on loss and damage. And um credible information on loss and damage can also help to contribute to demonstrate its needs and to help mobilize appropriate financial, technical, and capacity building support. >> Thanks so much. Yes, that's uh important to see what are the benefits and not to see reporting only as a kind of a burden, but an opportunity to showcase countries actions and needs and and support needs. So, I can see now that we have uh Gamwe has rejoined. Thanks for joining us today and welcome. Uh if can you can you hear me? Can you hear me, Gamwe? >> Yes, I can get you clearly. >> Sorry. Thank you very much. >> I'm now using a phone, but I can chance I'm working on the laptop. When it's connected, then I will use the laptop, but I think we can get started with the phone. >> Yes, no problem with it. Connections are not always Connectivity is not always an easy thing to fix, yeah. So, yeah, now we were listening to Lalaina. She was mentioning why it was important for Madagascar to to report on loss and damage and to present the that information, and even though it is voluntary. And and we want to to to know about Zambia and about what are the main for you what are the main economic and non-economic losses that Zambia is experiencing. And if you were able to report, were you able to report on all of them in the BTR? And and what were the the challenges that you encountered in reporting on the loss and damage section? Over to you. >> Thank you very much. Um Indeed, Zambia is a like any other developing country has experienced economic and non-economic losses. And these impacts have affected our livelihood and affected ecosystem, infrastructure, and human well-being. The main economic losses experienced in Zambia, they are quite a number, but the key ones First is on agriculture. And this agriculture we have a a reference, especially in 2023 2024 season, uh where the farmer completely harvested nothing. And the ultimately even the government had to declare a national disaster because that was quite a uh intensive uh a drought. So, that effect also affected the the water level in rivers. And as you are aware or may be aware that Zambia depend about 80% of electricity from hydro. So, we are heavily affected with our power generations. We also have some infrastructure which were recorded which were affected by some floods in some certain part of the country. Especially, we have the bridges, schools, health facilities which were collapsed because of floods. Forestry and the biodiversity equally because of water stress we have some records of impact there together with the tourism. You know, major of our tourism like Victoria Falls and that this is a depends on upon the level of water. So, when we have a year when we have quite enough water, that's when we see quite a number of tourism tourists who are visiting Victoria Falls. Health sector equally with some impact there. There are a number of diseases which were recorded. Um But even under non-economic losses, um of course these are losses we can't quantify in terms of monetary terms, but we have some records there. Uh especially the loss of human life because of the flood and also animal conflict. Now, when the food becomes scarcity and water, animals tend to get to closer to community to look for food and water. And in the process, they result in interaction with the community and they we have some records of conflict with the wildlife. There was also losses over the cultural heritage and also sacred site including a and of the community especially in the areas of uh floods. We are going to record that loss of traditional knowledge and indigenous practices, uh including the biodiversity. All these are well recorded. And even some extent where psychological uh traumas and mental health impact. We have some example of such. Um I remember one of the the part of the country which was affected with a drought, a certain man who had done quite a good work in terms of agriculture. He did a lot of work. But um because of the drought, he lost everything. But now it becomes in his mind just as he was been going to work every day, same time in the morning, even when the the disaster happened, he maintained the same time going to the fields. Going to the fields. Um to just go there and stay, just because that has been his life. So, these are few of the non-economic losses which were recorded. Mhm. So, in terms of if we have recorded we have reported all these in the in the annual transparent, the answer is no. Um like as I said, many other developing country non-Annex I that annual transparent uh focuses primarily on greenhouse gases inventory and the progress towards NDC implementation, adaptation actions, uh support in the need and the uh the needs and the received. These are what we the the reported. But the loss and damage to the remains to in the early stage. to in the early stage. Um because we still have no standard national loss and damage database. And also when you look at the historical climate loss and damage climate loss uh data uh fragmented across the different institutions. Um and many of non-economic losses are not routinely uh monitored. They are only commonly reported upon happening, especially when it comes to me, which is a big uh incident. That's when uh they start recording. So, loss and damage are often reported only uh after an um uh major disaster. Uh so, this shows the gaps we have. And as attribution of loss specifically to climate changes remain technically challenging to differentiate between the two. >> Sorry. Yeah, yes. Can you Sorry, can you speak a little bit closer to the mic so the interpreters can hear you better to translate? Thank you. Apologies for interrupting you. >> Thank you. Is it okay now? >> It's better. >> Okay. >> Yes. >> So, in brief I would indicate that our BTR provided only partial information. Mainly drawn from the availability of data, disaster uh statistics, adaptation assessment, and sector report, and national communication. So, it's partial. We do not report all these. And probably not me all the challenges we engaged um during our reporting on loss and damages. Firstly, as I indicated, is limited of data availability. Lack of a long-term historical data set which can help us to relate what is happening. We get these gaps. Missing of also the database and baseline information that's another gap and also the inconsistent sector data collections. Fragmented institution data also is a key issues. In Zambia, we have institutions which are always which are work closer to information on loss and damage, especially Department of Disaster Management and Mitigation Unit. We have also Meteorological Department, Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Health, Water Resources Management, Zambia Statistics Agency, Zambia Management Agency. So, all these institutions have parts bit of the information on loss and damage. But, these are information which are not found in one only in one disposal. So, they are scattered. This is one of the the challenges we engaged. Also, there is also limited in terms of methodology. Uh Currently, we we we we don't have a agreed methodology for quantifying climate-related losses. And also, it's difficult to distinguish climate-induced losses from other from other socioeconomic drivers. Limited guidance on for valuing non-economic losses. So, this is what a challenge we have. Including the limited of capacity which is attributing also There are few expertise who are trained in loss and damage assessment in the country. Uh, limited also expertise in economic variations and the climate attributions. All these are the gaps we are facing as a country. Of course, financial constraints, insufficient of resources to comprehensively uh, do loss and damage assessment. We have a gap in terms of our financial. Quick monitoring systems as I indicated earlier on, some of the instances are only recorded once they happen. So, we have no consistently uh, data collection, which is very critical if we are to want to comprehensively to report. There's also a challenge in terms of quantifying non-loss economic losses. It's really quite challenging. We have quite gap in terms of capacity and expertise in these areas. So, what maybe I could do quickly recommend for us to enhance and also uh, for future reporting to BTR, um, the first one is to develop the national loss and damage framework. Uh, which is critical >> Sorry to interrupt again. >> [laughter] >> Um, >> [clears throat] >> if if if we can keep the the recommendations for the next round uh, and so I can we can move to to Annie and then we can ask we can go for the recommendations in the in the next section. Can Can Can that work for you? >> Thank you. Thank you. It's fine. >> Thank you. Thank you so much and it's um, yeah, it's a very it's important to to also to highlight that of course that loss and damage is the first time that countries are reporting. They have never been a space to report or any experience so it's [clears throat] there will be a lot of challenges and until countries a develop methodologies and and try to report and and >> [clears throat] >> it's a work in in in process. And one of the challenges that you were mentioning was the the the institutional arrangements and the different difficulty in in have a monitoring system. So, and [clears throat] and we saw that in Malawi and either there are like a the there is a a specific department that is handling all the issues relating to loss and damage. And and it would be interesting to to yeah, to know a little bit more how are the institutional arrangements for reporting on loss and damage in Malawi and and how would how did you work how you worked with all the other stakeholders to gather that relevant information and and if we can yeah, have some idea on how other countries have been doing that. Over to you and thanks. >> Uh hi Fernanda. Thank you. Uh apologies uh for the delay. Hi everyone. So, yes uh in Malawi we have the the Department of Disaster Management Affairs, which serves as the national focal point for loss and damage. And in terms of the institutional arrangements uh at the national level, Malawi uh uh established the the National Disaster Risk Management Committee, uh which is uh more or less like a higher level comprising of uh principal secretaries to provide strategic and policy guidance and complement in this national committee is the disaster risk management technical subcommittee which is now a technical level at director level and then at the district level we have all the district disaster risk management committees which bring together representatives from various sectors to coordinate loss and damage activities disaster risk management activity. >> So it seems that we lost Annie uh probably some issues with the connection. But well well uh There she's back. Sorry Annie. We lost you for some a few seconds. Are you there? >> Yeah, I think the the the connection. >> Yes. >> Can can you hear me now? >> Yes, perfect. Go on. >> Uh okay. All right. Um thank you. Yes, so um uh we have these institutional arrangements at at different levels from national level to district level and up to community level and at the community level which is more at the grassroots we have the area during committees and community volunteers which play a critical role in reporting loss and damage at the local level. So usually Uh, the slow onset events and the extreme uh uh, rapid events uh, occur, the reports are consolidated. Uh, the these at the local level, they report to the district level and the district level uh, submit uh, these reports to uh, to the Department of Disaster Management Affairs. So, to just to strengthen uh, coordination, Malawi has adopted adopted the cluster system approach uh, at both national and district levels. So, this cluster system approach is multi-sectoral in nature and this multi-sectoral mechanism ensures that um, uh, there is inclusivity and collaboration among all the key stakeholders. So, they we have the what we call the inter-cluster coordination group, which is comprised of government agencies, the UN agencies, development partners, uh, the private sector, civil society organizations, the international NGOs, and the local NGOs, uh, which are responsible for gathering and consolidating relevant information uh, from the districts and then up to the national level. So, these uh, institutional arrangements um, through these institutional arrangements, Malawi effectively engaged uh, engages different diverse stakeholders to collect, analyze, and report uh, loss on loss and damage. Uh, this system ensures that information flows uh, from the community level to the national level, while also enabling multi-sectoral collaboration that enhances the uh, country's capacity to respond uh, to and document the impacts of disasters. So, these institutional arrangements have also been um, uh, established. They're also in our uh, Disaster Risk Management Act. So, the act also uh, has set out uh, these institutional arrangements just to enhance coordination in terms of loss and damage. Thank you. >> Thanks so much, Annie, and very interesting how the the the information flows from the from the from the communities to the to the top level at the country at national level. That's really an amazing example. And so >> [clears throat] >> now for you, Lalaina, we you have gone through the reporting process. We know that is is the first time for for most well, for most for all most LDCs, for all of them. And what what could be what were the the main gaps and and needs that you have identified to monitor, report, and track losses and damages? And and if you have any plans to for addressing those or how you're you're thinking for the next BTR? Thank you so much. >> Thank you so much. Thank you, Fernanda, for the question. Actually, the the reporting process helped us to identify several important gaps. Um and [clears throat] firstly, Madagascar still doesn't have the fully harmonized system for monitoring and reporting loss and damage. So, that was the first challenge. Uh and uh I So, information is often spread across different departments, different institutions. And data collection after climate event is not always consistent. So, it was very difficult for us to to to have so many informations. Uh we also we have also faced important data gaps, Um especially for non-economic losses such as um impacts uh on health, uh impact on ecosystems, on culture, and livelihoods. Um this makes very difficult to to measure the the full scale of climate impacts and to compare them over time. Um another challenge is uh the limit limited technical capacity to assess slow-onset events. So, as I said, the the another challenge is the limited technical capacity. And um uh it was also difficult for the team to to assess the slow-onset events. Uh so, to address this this gaps, uh we are planning to first of all strengthening the national climate and socioeconomic databases uh to improve coordination between institutions first, and also to develop clearly the procedures for collecting, validating, and sharing information. Um we think that we also need technical capacity at both national and local levels. And the better integrate climate risk and loss and damage into sectorial and territorial planning. Um the very important one is also uh financial, technical, and capacity-building support. Um this is very essential for for us. And We see this first BTR as an important starting point for building a stronger and more national, more reliable national system over time. So, those are the main challenge. And and the solution that we are planning to improve our our BTR, too. Thank you. Thank you. >> Yeah, thanks so much, Lalaina. We see that there is like having a a national institutional arrangement arrangement or a framework and all systems is is is a challenge. But, yeah, that's the that's the very common, I think, for some for a reporting some some new some new sections. And now I'm going Can we in the in the VTR, Zambia, in relation to that, you mentioned that you that Zambia is working to to work develop the development of the loss and damage framework. And could could you explain us a bit what the framework will look like and whether it will provide information for future VTRs or how are you thinking about that framework on loss and damage? Thank you. >> Thank you all. >> So, yeah, can you hear Can you talk a bit louder or maybe closer to the mic? Cuz it's a bit >> Okay. >> Yes. >> How is it now? >> Much much better. Yes. >> Yeah. Yeah, it's true. But, Zambia proposed the loss and damage in framework. We intend to establish a structured national system for assessing, monitoring, and reporting. And also responding to climate change induced loss and damage. Although uh this framework is still at the early stage, it's still being developed. But I can confirm that it has advanced. Because I think it has gone through two readings so far. But still going through uh being developed. So, our purpose of developing the framework first as I indicated in the first discussion that we have issues which we want to address it. The first one we want to establish a common national approach for identifying and assess climate related loss and damage. The second one is to improve on coordination. I've indicated that we have quite a number of institution who are responsible for loss and damage assignments. Uh the third one is also to standardize the methodology for measuring uh both economic and non- economic losses. We need also to strengthen evidence-based planning and investment in resilience and also recovery. We want also to support access to international climate finance. Uh include image finance mechanism for loss and damage. And also to meet international reporting obligation under enhanced transparency framework. Including the future biennial transparency report. So, for us to able to address all these we have structured our framework into seven chapters. Uh the first chapter focuses on the governance and institutional arrangement. Where we need now to address the issues of coordination. Then the other chapters now will look at loss and damage assessment methodology. As I indicated that we don't have standard methodology currently. So, these are things which we need to address. How should we go in absence of this or how to to address them the issues of standardizing methodology. The other chapters in chapter three will look at data corrections and international management uh information management. We need also to come up with centralized uh national loss and damage database. I mentioned that this information is scattered, but this time around we think by by developing the framework we were able to organize ourselves and have a database at the central place. Also, we need to standardize on the reporting templates across the institutions. So, these are things we expect to do in chapter three. Chapter four, of course, we'll fight we'll look on our monitoring, reporting, and verifications. We need to come up with indicators to monitor the trends of losses and damage over the time. We need also to have a regulated irregular reporting procedures rather than just depending on upon the instance happening. So, this is what we expect in the framework to address. The fourth chapters will look at the sector specific assessment. Now, we have sectors which are commonly sensitive to losses and damages related to climate change. So, these sectors that include like agriculture, uh water resources, energy, forestry, health, uh infrastructure, tourism, and human settlement. So, these have to do have its own chapters where they will be looked in the details. So, we'll have also another chapter looking at economic and non-economic losses assessment where we need to quantify and declare for ourselves to differentiate these two uh instances, economic losses and non-economic losses. And our last chapter will look on financial and recovery where we need to come up with a mechanism for identifying the financial need and also guide on linking assessment to the national budget, disaster recovery planning, insurance, international climate finance and opportunity. So, now contributing to future BTR um Yes, uh one of the primary objective uh of framework is to improve the quality of our consistency of information available for future BTR. The The framework is expecting expecting to just to generate a standard emission data tool. And related losses and damages. Okay. Also to enable uh reporting on both economic and non-economic losses using agreed national indicator. We also um uh by strengthening the the transparency, uh documenting assumption methodology and data uh data sources. Supporting reporting on adaptation effectiveness by demonstrating how climate impact evolve over time. And also how to inter- intervention reduce uh and vulnerability. Even to provide evidence to inform the national adaptation planning, national uh climate contributions, and other reportings uh submitted under the UNFCCC. So, the current status of the challenges we mentioned uh but uh I will request partners. The country is still developing this framework. Reporting on losses and damages currently relies on information from multiple institutions and there are challenges related to fragmented database, inconsistent and consistent methodologies, and limited variations of non-economic losses, and other capacity constraints. Developing a framework is therefore a priority for improving future transparency uh in the >> Thank you. >> Thanks so much. Uh thanks so much, Kamwi. And so, we we have been discussing about the frameworks, the methodologies, all the challenges, and reporting, and and more about uh backward-looking at the at the actions and the activities. So, now uh Annie, we saw that moving to the actions and the and the and how to address loss and damage, we you have shared in the in the Malawi's BTR a range of projects that the country has put in place to address loss and damage. And could you tell [clears throat] us more about the main actions that you're currently implementing, and what are the key areas where further support is needing to to really move to the action that then we will be monitoring and reporting in the next BTR? Over to you. >> Thank you, Fernanda. Uh indeed, yes, uh Malawi in its BTR 1 shared a range of projects uh that have been or are currently being implemented to address to address loss and damage. And uh from the projects that have been shared, uh 50% of the projects have mainly focused on the uh provision of immediate humanitarian assistance after an extreme weather event Uh whereby we are using activation of contingent financing. And the other projects focused on putting in place systems and frameworks to make sure that there's reporting for loss and damage. In terms of the main actions that are currently being implemented I include establishment of the national disaster risk management trust fund as a way to proactively set aside funds to rebuild critical infrastructure when when emergencies strike. Investing in the early warning systems. As a country we are installing the automated weather stations and at the community level we have community based early warning systems that are being installed. We are also setting up systems, frameworks and piloting for anticipatory action. As we know that we have to implement these anticipatory actions before the emergency occurs. And in terms of just to make sure that those areas those people that are living in prone areas in the like disaster prone areas we are constructing evacuation centers like safe places for temporary coordination for loss and damage reporting. We constructing in the districts emergency operation centers to improve reporting and monitoring and coordinating coordination And for the for this mainly this are being implemented in in the prone areas as mentioned earlier on. And in terms of key areas where further support is needed I I think previously most of the interventions have mainly focused in locations that are prone to the extreme weather events. However, Malawi last year undertook an assessment which we call the national multi-hazard risk assessment. We have produced a risk atlas showing areas where they are risky, they are prone to disasters and the like. So, this risk assessment has guided a lot of places that are that has shown a lot of places that are not safe. So, from the assessment it has projected other areas to be prone to extreme weather events in the near future if the situation like is that is in terms of climate change that it's not addressed. Hence, all things being equal there's need to scale up these interventions to other locations that are currently that currently seem to be less affected by climate change impacts to in order to avert and minimize loss and damage in these other areas. So, specifically further support is needed to fully operationalize the the fund that government is setting place and also to scale up the information management system for loss and damage which we are calling the disaster risk management information system and also scale up the anticipatory actions because currently we are we are piloting anticipatory cash and the like and also scaling up um, and strengthening community-based early warning systems. Um, and also, as a country, I think we are using international standards in terms of post-disaster needs assessment. Uh, that help us to document the economic loss and damage. So, we need to develop a localized, uh, standard operating procedures or a framework, uh, for undertaking this, uh, post-disaster needs assessment. Thank you. >> Thanks so much, Annie. It seems that, uh, a lot of work, uh, needs to be done, but it's great you have that so, so clearly, uh, organized and, and, and stated. And, so, um, now we, we are moving to our last round, and we have, uh, I think a couple of questions later. So, as I was mentioned, uh, one of the objectives of, of these, the, these webinars, the one last week on adaptation, and this one, uh, is to encourage other countries, especially LDCs, to include the section on loss and damage in their BTRs, and the section on adaptation in their BTRs. So, based on what you have learned through your own reporting experience and the work and the process, what advice, uh, would you give a country that is just starting to prepare, um, their BTR? What, what would, what advice would you give them? Uh, I can start with Lalaina, if it's fine with you. >> Sure. Thank you, Fernanda. So, if I would give some advice, um, I would say first of all, my, my main advice is to, to start early. And, uh, if possible, i- involve all key institutions from the beginning. And also, do not wait for perfect data. So, you can start with with the data for now. Just use the best information available and clearly explain the BTR what what have been the gaps. And and how you want to improve the system. So, you can improve it step by step, but do not wait for the perfect data. I think that it's also important to to build the national expertise. So, you can have an external consultant, but I think that the BTR should help to strengthen institutions for the future reporting. I mean, we really need to to get the national team involved in the system. And finally, um just give enough time for review and for the validation. As I said, the first BTR may not be perfect, but but it is strong starting starting point for better transparency and for the future climate action. Thank you. >> Thanks so much, Lalaina. We'll uh give the start with what you have and yeah, don't be afraid of reporting. So, now I move to Gamwe. What what could be your advice to a country that's starting to report on loss and damage? >> Thank you very much. Um I I think the first one is to work on coordination. Uh it's it's important to understand who does what and you who should do what. Uh it's very important. And also within that uh it will also help to understand who has what in terms of the information. Because uh uh these are activities we may not completely say we completely don't have information. Information must be there. But it could be maybe sitting in a different uh offices where other people may not even have information that this information is available. Because when you are reporting you are reporting information. So if the information is able to be located and used, that will be much better. So the other issues which we is important is to uh work on capacity building among the responsible officers. This is a a new things. We don't say there are people who are more advanced. Uh majority are almost in a similar level. So we need to have this program where we can help one another to have an idea what really needed to be reported. When we say non non non economic losses, that should be clear. Uh and with that, it will be very easy to bring up the information and submissions. There's also a need to work on the already existing assessment. We may start from already existing assessment like most cases and agriculture. There are could be already some assessment going on there, more organized, especially like annually they do some more assessment. So we need from those assessment to see how the component of loss and damage are being addressed or included. Um of course there could be already information being captured and we need to locate those informations and maybe re-align it if it's not very much aligned so that it is a becomes a beginning point of collecting the data. So these are what I can advise to our new members who are planning to to to start reporting on the TR. Thank you. >> Thank you so much Hamdi. And Annie, what what advice could you give us? >> Uh thank you Fernanda. Yeah, I think much has already been said um in terms of what needs to be done. Uh coordination is very key. Using the the available institutional arrangements that as a country you have uh in place to make sure that you coordinate with the key stakeholders uh in terms of loss and damage uh reporting because learning from the Malawi experience um the data the information is available uh but uh it's sitting in different departments, different ministries, different straight uh agencies. So you need to bring together all these um agencies together, all these stakeholders that are key in terms of loss and damage reporting to make sure that you capture all the required uh information. And uh just to stress that uh even though reporting on on loss and damage is voluntary, but uh I think as Malawi we saw it very beneficial that we need to report on loss and damage uh because it also helped us to to uh stock take in terms of the uh the progress that as a country we've made, uh the initiatives that are currently underway, and where where are the gaps, uh where do we need uh further support. So, this whole exercise, it helps a country in terms of what are the national efforts, and you identify the gaps and needs, and you strengthen it. It's also a process that helps you to strengthen your coordination uh across institutions and and stakeholders. So, uh this reporting uh is also important, I think, at the national at the international level in terms of making sure that you communicate um this information on loss and damage, so that you get uh the the support, and you create that global dialogue standing of the challenges uh that are being faced uh by the vulnerable uh countries. So, I think uh that's what I can say on that. Thank you. >> Thanks thanks so much, Annie. That's uh those are great great insights and and and and great encouragement to other countries. Uh thanks so thanks so much, all of you, for your for your inputs and your answers. And I'm uh we have one question uh um from the participants that uh I will read it to you. I think maybe I don't know who will answer, but maybe Annie, you have the so you you'll share some uh experience, but this is for all speakers, so you can all share your experiences. Uh they want to know uh if LDCs use use citizen data or they or data coming from the public for monitoring as the loss and damage is voluntary, and uh they wonder if any countries are using a citizen science approach to monitoring. I don't know if uh any of you know >> [clears throat] >> or like to answer. So it's it's is any of you using a citizen science approach to monitoring and and yeah, if they are using uh information coming from the platform the public to report on loss and damage. >> May I come in stats? >> Yes, please. >> Yeah, thank you. Um I think you're on the the outline of making terms of how we are developing the loss and damage framework where we indicated where we want to the enhance in our data collections where we will will look at the geospatial uh systems. The idea is to see how we can bring in the some sciences in terms of our capturing our information. Because indeed certain areas are quite wider to to to capture what is happening. You need quite advanced technologies to get some informations. And these informations are information which are maybe required within a short piece uh uh piece of time so that you can make a quick decision. These are emergency issues. So we intend to to go into that but as I indicated that this is to at any stage. We haven't started using the science in collecting this informations. So what we have reported uh information of course which have been collected from of course we in engaged the public but also certain department within the government and ministries they have data related to loss and damages. So we depended to already available informations uh to to make a case for submitting to BTR in the previous ones. Thank you. >> Thanks so much, Gamu. And we are short on time, but if anyone else wants to add anything, please [clears throat] uh let me know. Yes, Lalaina. >> Yes, [clears throat] um thank you for the question, Justin. Um in my point of view, I think that citizen-generated data can very useful for monitoring loss and damage, especially when when official data are limited. Um so, in Madagascar, such as um such data are already used in some local assessment and disaster response. Uh but they are not fully integrated into national BTR reporting system for now. So, the main because the main challenge is to ensure that uh the the data are reliable and properly validated. So, maybe in the in the future, um we we could develop a more structured uh citizen science approach, um especially for community level, and um and especially for non-economic losses. Thank you. >> Thank you so much, uh Lalaina. And uh we're reaching the end of our webinar. I would like to thank you all so much for joining. I know you are all very busy people, and you're like uh sharing your experience and your time with us, and that's really appreciated. And I would also like to thank the interpreters that are they're trying to uh translating into into French. And yes, and all the participants for joining, and I hope that now everybody all the countries would like to report all LDCs will report on loss and damage in the next BTR. So, thank you so much, and yeah. Uh see you next in the next plenary.