Dredging Processes 2 Introduction continued & Soil mechanics

[Music] that costs that's why you where for this to seek because of or not this is a rok trencher that we usin dry sorry i know if you where from holland' your use to it that everyone to for x number pot all that link between those gables and the the ground or the solar system how it exactly thick in insight in play week all that soft sorry but if you where areas where you hef mountains usually the solo is rocky is it's very hard material and then if you want to dig the range to put all the cables in yeah how kaantjes do this becomes normal equipment juni searcher actresses so this is the typer equipment to make trenches in ferry hard material and in fact in in rok the behavior the chain for they are and the hope process is already almost similar but word there and in the gets there confused by is not to die' with swiebel see you later so this is the typical rok trencher you so in in in the Lisa's store in New York wit that storm sandy aitink it was colt you so that the header ladder oblongs we the electric tibi chose in the us most Of the electricity cables are still above ground and you see those wrists with the cable simply clean and if you heavy storm yo if they have problems electrically the iso the couple of million people's didn't the electricity anymore in Europe you you how this in the the ground and it's just a matter of money yeah even you have to and the the grande it's more expensive in the bidding but you have less maintenance members in oil drilling who as oh [ __ ] rock and in fact in oil drilling week it's the hard stripes of rugby cause if you are searching prejudice yeah you have to go to any material you encounter it doesn't matter how hard it is because this is a series of drill bits they may use for drilling of and and care and you can see here black round plates dosi black warmt player place week op pc' bill bits of streets box wit and d arm food of artificial giant Rico Diamond is the hardest material and if you want to go to the hard straight you don't immediately wheel the harder and that's why dieting gets harder is giant Zoë use diamond bits to cut rock here already so make simples of those which you can see the stiel there the bottom and the the black he the service you hef the artificial diamond and yes so blanket [ __ ] to any matériaux et big difference who is how you especially cécile ether is between oil drilling and dredging is this in oil drilling sister prays he them that him it there or built and millimeters and you can only finished also point to mm so the larry marketing is is ferrite in in fact the war scraping the matter you off and full vibration it's not about en youtube production like and dredging who like you pick meters per second well in oil drilling is correct little bit he is long and boring get to the rok and and finally i reach the war yes is d-day became so every now and then you have to pull back the hal string the hold will string and you heft to the place him so we dit the path of course om the typo wreck and the dept how often you heften do that we that's one of the reasons heeft u if you see this picture you can see that such a drill bit consyst of the tab with is a little bit bigger than the cylinder bihain this so sir this is the back of the door bit and this part you connect to the pipe now so the drill bit he so bitter that bucket then the cylinder bihain this the the the judgment string and that speak up to this pipe joralf the the floor wit family of to driving the drill this would you can you can choose between rotating the hall the will string of of the platform bit can imagine if it becomes very long juliette loft origin and what is the guarantee that finally yard will bidt will rotate the constant speed yeah that's difficult if you have few kilometres of pipe so another way of doing this is bihain the drill bit you have turbines you come fluid heavy fluid toe the cylinder and that heavy floor it is driving the turbines driving the drill bit and that we you can controller revolutions met weather and then i ging so flows will come out of the drill bit and i will flow back to the endless and warms the pipe and that way you remove all the particles that your arm chain peak as if you don't belts need box particles yeah d though cream you suffered bihain the drill bit and then you have have the pull back the drill bit it won't work anymore so violent remove all the particles you were getting to keep it clear usually they use for this fluid they use a mixture of becomes there and bentonite bentonite is artificial clay and bentonite mixes the water if you if you have very high concentration you actually get clay message have low concentration it be has like so cold bingham flows and and bingham flowing is a fluid white sam strength yes normal floor it's like becomes there soft around your tony flows in and you tony tony influence do something that have strength so in often must motor of the table I want blow out to face is like things flows in often bluetooth party around the tile I will keep its shape preferably for while and you economy economy keep it shake it hash around internal or strings of trim strip there so does petrus officer strength so who has seem things flows and bentonite also be has alike things flows something like that around strength or I such the big advantage of this is that particles that there floating in the things flows wants that we you settle picos the floor at hes strength you something like that hour for the floor it to take all the particles out of the grill hall and keep it clean company you must her family big particles week carriage part that'll be chose yes has the few to give I the gravity all particle is larger than the strand of the flows this well still settle it is you the small particles that's not the case they will stay floating yes so that's construction kit drill bit so if you look at the chain theory is that who wants to discuss later one of the applications could be drilling especially so box become bits this is an exam of of dry mining and you can see this is indeed in fact in in in mining you could listing with between two tribes of mining mind of scattering wet and dry mining supporter and and the words with u as f mining in soft sole and us mining in film the hearts of soul villa mining in the mountains use this kind of i witmond use oil the ragged power and it's all about skirt chain stone rock word ever this is another example of a machine deus in tunnel boring we this is tunnel boring in mountains in wok yes like that the tunnels in switzerland and or academic year meet partly with machines like this this is another tunnel boring machine tpm is is an international term for tunnel boring machine and this is the type of machine which can also use in soft sole the problem in soft show if you if you want to make it and all in holland the problem is that you were constantly that and through the word there level and that means if you hardening and you have no protection the motor of flow into the machine and everything will be damaged review make tunnel in switzerland in the month one you don't have to deal deal we get answered there problem so this is the tunnel boring machine in fact box machines have the that him the there or the tunnel so I this mix the tunnel at once here you can see two pictures of what it looks like you you guys there what I already integrated tunnel boring machines which means and the front here d d arry moving the solo then so so go into the machine and I deep and sun whereby something dry your heart sorry if it's right of what so just something contrary royal family of today have convair belt system in the machine to be moved full the sorry if it's under the word align and in the grime porter you guys the so babymoov is mix white becomes there and they have pipe system and table pump the materials ow it completely the pencil om barry was am who hain't oh yeah he hain't the the boring part hear you can see the place the sec man of the tunnel in minute lee and then you so how knowledge if your tunnel boring machine how for becomes well displace the sec man of the tunnels so the the cylinder goal segments and then you lifting cylinders with you can see in this picture box cylinders push the front for becomes and so so d book over the distance of one segment who move the sorry am the cylinders pull-back the beak part of the the tunnel boring machine and they can place one more segment of the tunnel and this is the task washing machine for x number of deus for the the green heart in holland where they may the tunnel and english until for the oosterschelde the year busy with the tunnel so somber the machine box and the ground and then tent kilometers further it will come up again and at the end you have feels tunnel oh ham oh you YouTube tank of meters per day yeah it's not very fast so in the offer who in the moment this box and the ground and the man this can juicy and this copy something here it's very slow because it's not just the move in the sorry this is like on read in the segments and this is a very few the business week as if you do something wrong the tunnel will start leaking and and you have ladder problem something like that is where the complication the process in fact for the aitink for the channel tunnel from Frans too in their DLC user chine the machine well in fact they used to be cause i left to tunnels so usually for for tunnels for the normal traffic day for each direction Joralf one machine so that your steam machines and and what maybe cool tool once santing what the Rijnhaven picture of the biggest machine in the world and now we this not many people here renovated is what we washed student how you or to net excursions yep okay okay box box arms sheen's for the german branco mines and those lines are close to Maastricht just across the border and Aitink they would have liked twenty of dozen machines in a red daily use if you can be saai the track you left to look up and it is like us building and lighting ds 7 of those tracks and the reach machine well some dozen machines to your heaven area wit Branco and in fact Branco is is the first steeds of the formation of je Coetzee Black al of the moral cheese call a created by organic matter which is under pressure and if you wait long enough and you give enough said him en ton tappen which you get high pressure and the Ghent JF moral orchestra sits deep and without organic matter with the one of the first little stones do you already want so it in Inholland that Inholland week already this fane fain you will so this organic matter which complex Lidl bid you you can burn it and that's why they used it for power place and and son and Inholland Wüst that this no for heating houses long time ago what in Germany Dr terriers and and just imagine you have area of ​​ten bite and kilometers and je nodazzle there or lignite or let's say twenty meters high with us on or dessert or track coal your study first you have left and meters or normal sorry so you lift your head and meters or sorry temper and kilometers windows machines that for you hit the lignite so probably very busy one year or to here's to the move the top sale and then they can start producing lignite out dead one of those machines in box this torque what 300 the next I million euros something like that so he has twenty or box machines you can calculate the investment' then you have to work for this you need the top sale and then you start covering the lignite this is the book what week already bridge wheel so this estimating the matter you hear you have kon vr call am the matter liz thinks in the central unit to another kon calls again about here and then online you have fixed kon calls again where they put the matter johan and then i go to some railway station were filled in everything to the train to be transported to the river they need it they still use them but of course lignite is not the cleaners 2 of getting energy and it's one of the reasons why and the purple it this FC train acid rain the game of the broccoli Korea it's not compact one off and I this one so burn to clean it well we they like white coal in in youtube power plants they can burn 10th march cleaner and the hef many installations to clean the case that come out of the burning process turned out to be so close and do it clean the tone that in the youtube installations the hague want to say something about deep sea mining wiko's in in dredging if you want to pushed master thesis in dredging one of the topics that is very hot right now is deep sea mining and what is that option mining' wil förster olson impressions deep sea mining means that would like to get with minerals in fact whatever is jubel it could also be phosphates who like to get them from the sea floor and why one of the main reasons is that a number of where materials and metals poor a sweet old in china china of course wants to protect their own industry so in in the rapid development of of china' but also the whole world Ec okay, who wants to use the things I find in China, first for the automotive industry, which makes sense to me, but that means since a number of dozens are mainly found in China, the rest of the world has a problem. So, the rest of the world starts searching for where fine metals can be found, and in fact, a number of dozens are also used for iPhones, iPads, and for those greens and such. Nowadays, there is a lot of metal t-shirts in the world, and they didn't really find materials online. We found it in the sea. Oil locations were found, CQB, three kilometers to three kilometers away. Yeah, okay, so who knows, it's there. It keeps the get it MSC right now on it. Not a real product project to get the material from the sea floor, especially at Inholland. Many companies are busy doing research and making investments. They are investigating how you can get equipment to document wheels from the sea floor, and this just gives some impressions. So, you learn how to have a ship and the service. In the areas, they were looking for minerals or something to do. The weather is not that great. This is you, Evince. must service so the cow beer storm or whatever then under she floor Joralf machine cover the matter you chose it's not just said him and playing their it could be rock it could be rock container one percent boat or something like that and then its word to get it that you have you this white ferry between machines the machines that will use for tunnel boring a box office machines so that's what you see here and then Jos there intensely get the matter up to the service so people think of a pipeline we the pump somewhere down the loo camping the matter lab with well there so ideas to start with a sort of lift and use us sort of lift to cables to pull the matter web and in fact to grab it one of the phd sargam to blows and pepper to come per economist I walked it as if for the energy will contair the difference between pumping it to the service and doing it white white a sort of lift yes this could be three kilometers yes so the picture shows there this right 2013 everyone's this in reality the public three kilometers deep in the ideal of haiti for this they have a legal this arizer the pipeline Griffiths polarizer and Deus 5 along like that and then Josse the problem how to get the power the these this is actually an artist impression what this is another artist impression we the sailing ship and the other ship was moored floating ship this is Morris sailing ship and hear you see this is for my gahd window frame recognize this the wise i something design of a gates i well where can you find oh settings in fact aitink most of you know that our planet is not made of rock der in fact a planet insight is flows something magma is something the substance that can salt or a lot of knowledge and on top of that magma who has tecton i plates yes like that the the service of the planet is not one shell like neck well something plates and do split fleet around the magma and box place you you have certain velocity not very high Barry they adult tea and here you can see the front plate so those lines gif the borders of box plates and wherever the plates touch each other there is basically three teams that can have the plates the each other well in search' Cees has toe plates called each other day push up and you'll get mountains so the Himalaya is typically the border of two big plates this anyway possible that they are moving yes that's how they did the distance is increasing the cause of is somewhere to play tsar directions each other than any other and to place have you create more distance well if they create more distance it means you'll get very deep becomes like that for exam when you pain where are you here so modern honor you per the Mariana Trench in in Dutch it is eleven 12 kilometers deep over there and that's picos the year moving parts and then the pie who you can have interaction is shearing they move like this and basically that's what's happening here the west coast of the USA if you ever have the opportunity to fly to any horse and Diego take flight from Amsterdam at KLM devil fly over the North Pole yes norm level bottom say this is the shortest distance we this get picos the euro is an atmosphere you fly over the North Pole and then you guys like this vertically and and from the square you can actually sidis shearing you can see wrote that use to be one rood and now one red is here in the Jewish horse is here that chose so the shirt like this you can actually see that and something is that you Canonici it from me plain if you work there you then adorn in the that's the reason why you of to lift earthquakes in the west coast of the USA and your if there flight mount st helens in the north of the USA which he the youtube xplosion 20 dirty years ago the hope top of the mountain was removed by when exploring time option and well that's because you have this sharing them because of the sharing some times the pressure of the market but that comes so big kick and struggled the service and then you have for know their pads the know how nice you box process is a very slow so to the time scale of a you my live who dead how you lift then with turbo love this but if you look under a a thief and timescale dazzle of activity so you learn can see all the place is where box plates with each other or share or becomes have well in many of those locations the course of the breeding and I activity there will be certain metals minerals ad-dawsie floor and one of the the waze work and the this is what how year loekie net specifically and dep 3 km motor the have you have the heat the the bottom you way here coming from the magma of the center of the word and on the other hand there is becomes there moving into the course of the rock of the steam that chose as rock he his shirt and permeability so becomes there know flow in work but usually not is matches a cent in the perm you bilities with floor but it doesn't mean there you quickly becomes there flowing is the seymus if you look at and electricity wire everybody c the plastic your on this is on completly ijssel pipeline for electricity that's not too if you have sensitive measurement the wise you can still measure the current coming out of the wire with the current is so narrow that is not dangerous for people and who are okay something like that say what I dasn't meme mary snorted flow of electricity out of the wire this still third such as both magnetic field there on the were then you would therefore a thai leed one and the percent it just isolates a af wal in the CW rockstone he his family runner you with permis buttocks type this so a less fast water fleas so becomes there is still flowing into the sea floor cat here this at the here of the magma milo and this actually stars cooking the temperature or that word i could go app well up to you about sir the temperature google-app added for them by too expensive is but because you're under such a high pressure is so a get started cooking it this kind that for their villages then you can imagine in the steam yeah maybe it's one thousand it could be very hot well what happens so the words get here this the words wraps oops metals minerals whatever chose into the listener and then yes the word there remains finder where you out of that cage first there already the the valium or becomes there is increasing we temperature the logical folic acid venison leg for the gryse with the it well a thousand the fall you miss madge bigger so dare lot of pressure so the listener hes to get out of the stone and that's what's happening here and then the butter mix 2 box metals comes out of yes a sort of mini volcano it's not real many small it's just picos of the word there and picasso for the metals and so long confused there this looks black they that's why we call it black smoking then this cools and rolled particles in the water will settle and that's how this many small with shape so so delonghi how knows the murders bigger the volcano well order material that settles under sea floor and a spacious the black smoke there usually ass once a lot of metals and minerals dr phone case is there where the solo content dirty percent barber wits is how you your lot and if you make an economic calculation beautiful can calculate this if you get like one then the cube the fantastic day to deceive toe the service this knife railay bay prophet will be cause of the price of the heads and you can imagine if you would have one percent bread all-in-one cubic meter that means one liter of old one and wit wit out think is for 10 kilos or so why kilo under free make it is for those for 1000 euros so that could be profitable bid with it like that a month June is not that much the goals of the price but how to edit sir you can see such pictures of what this we you looks like and you should keep those pictures in mind be cause you can see the sea floor is wet and ice fledgeby floor at the w dosage and lies could be up to twenty meters high he then still on her this one is me this could be twenty meters something like that not just santing under thief for something really big and that also means yes you can just puts on physical extract without sea floor and star coverage picos yes so i floor is not flat it all other mountains and heels and and rocks and whatever this is another picture of city black smoke so this is what they actually look like sir you cant see picture of what the sier floor looks like and then you can see it snot flat yes so if you want to use vehicles on traxs first you left to make it flat your self and then you could van der je koetstaart getting all the material of the sea floor this is sam ideal of what platform could look like and in fact it's a copy of what we use in the highland games business is semi submersible you can see the riser here came in from the sea floor and then regularly all the material maybe it's ready process ton so amy's on the s to be transported to the shuttle tanker watch this one to bring it to shore this is an impression of a you eat look at you eat see that your shipyard dr very busy with this they already started special department' for deep-sea mining and they have many ideas to yes shut up we deal this this is a close-up of the pictures oh oh it is it is in fact is the village letter to move the matter jobat yes how you still have to push ladder research picos the design of such vehicle deep and around you what Dewey Axel I find the lord you can see machine already so outline here you see the dream cutter and hear you can see the connection to arise er so insight the physical the material that you're getting is mix how the word er and then it has to go into the camping system and faber bleed er so ready for span in the physical covered point will never be strong enough to put all the way to the service and other impression lord d heft toe vertical rotating heretics and why did they do that if you make the two daughters counter rotating then via the site force on your vehicle of yoni have cancer while that we the urge [ __ ] like this you also don't have site formative yoohoo the harbor office like this yo be glad the site for yes and is the Connexxion deep in the tracks and so i floor strong enough to keep it in the right direction that has you due to counter acting ones you need the site for not one 100% pico's the chain forces summoned cutters will never be accessed loves his bed you can remove most of the site force this is the why they already using reality but not for those become depth yes yes according to be one of the designer or her yates hey who too many comic books bright exec lie crackling is an artist impression this is a clamshell higher the show who chose that one of the idea is you can use caters to cut the matter and that means you're ready create very small particles odyssey floor and then pump it but even white clamshell you could get pictures of material and transported to the service is a bit check of material may be that type maybe that's more profitable and one of the problems will see suffered there is that and the trie cut their back through 300 barth create very high chain forces of ibood crash the c matériaux et the me and by atmospheric pressure probably the energy ricquier to crush it is my flash so it could be profitable to do that the service with who still don't know so that's part of the research how you a busy with okay yes something 5 minutes before but let's push break now and then he stared next presentation after the sermon yes anymore quest explosive how is then a put them there yes that you no one off one one of the tanks right now everybody thinks three kilometers there's no life care but they are ready in westgate inh the the hall and wire mine to biology at so there becomes depth and it appears there's a lot of life so well we this well everybody can see this in the newspapers you wanted your sanitizing your heften take care of the and warming and then using explosive will be your big problem but also using those doos machines chain endless of the japanese dow that double other research into the and warm and to death there becomes depth and that is the united nations will probably create new regulations and you left to follow these regulations so using dynamite who do it in dredging at first of all people drivers cannot go to those become the apps submarine normal submarine have maximal murder adapt of about three hundred meters and so knows the normal sup million you can go to three kilometers how she can the little crust of the Lee has you want this only works if you will neck and powder dynamite in the hall it's not a matter of correctly placing it that the service and the the production will not be high enough and then aitink another problem is that part of the working principle of dynamite by explosions is the treasure it creates and especially the pressure difference met atmosphere express we then you're ready has 300 bar so yeshua's the issue will dynamite work at all and the 300 bar ah oh my dear yeah okay we have great okay and a little bit about salon de kanex if you really want to know a lot about zo mechanics je shoot falling or something mechanics course met aj just want to reverse some of the basics for those who don't know about it first solo three in free loket soul rock cent clay basically in dredging and of jori dist english be quick be twin cent clay en rok de daryl so many mixed gryce wel of te sorry liz create dit in de mountains en de maand een zaak created by those tectonics movements and what you get in the mountains is yousef rock in the workshops cracks and the course it's always very cold in the mountains there will be wordt er in doos cracks the words will freeze ice issacs pending and because ice is expanding the cracks willbro and neat kinds moment pieces of rap will flow down the mountain and yes third usually do not own the the big piece is there too with if there smoren pieces and it will arrive at the bottom of the mountain high in the month give a show glaciers so i the pies is a vak vol in the glaciers the year transported to the glacier user die picasso friction devolo ready disintegrator little bit and the bottom of those places you always a lot of pièces of rock cent whatever at the end of the glacier the ice is also melting zou juliet nurse te smal river and it will be calm bigger and bigger and those rivers transport the material all the way to the sea zou je can imagine if u start met de glacier je haar ferry angler material because it's just brokken van de piercer chorden mountain and something like ferry angler yeah it's not a girl mount particle bits is angler kim den duur in the transportation to deliver all doos particles are transported specially view high flow velocities bedale zo heet each other so there will be some more disintegration particles gets modder en de close ii you get to the sea de moor round aarde particles en alzo de mooi fijn matériaux hef zo ​​efficient of the river usually in een stri like in in holland holland is one big furry defines will start to settle because de flow velocity is die cuisine de river get slider floofy last die islower particle starten settletels zou je hebben ladder fines in de bottom of the river en de rest of de materie of loten dus iso usually eefje look on google earth and you look at de the en over riverview juli in the see you can see there is a lot of schijnt which settletelt over der zo de further you are in this transportation proces de moor warn't de particles ja than what can have to millions of years je hebt doos tecktonik movement zo it could move het komt moestuin there will be more matter wick up there could be kelsey you in follows and ivf kelsey you less centor in in the particles you may get calcium bridges and then you get some typical sandstone so I that chance a sort of of of stone like sedimentary materials Iraq possibly many things must have well for cent clay and silt and wanting and he was show in another picture after this in our way of working us sandwich is made of fever and even it becomes very fine who colditz will with in many classification system cdc possibly blue shirt and particle that you with a week all this clay and basically i should not do that be cosplay is complete the distant mineral chemically then sent so is you have fever powder you you may call it will it was it you talk about the font mineral eye bentonite discard and stick them completely 3d front behavior then sent with people mix it up the course if you hef schuld of leds eat two tree my wreath very fine particles you gladys so cold of the was forces that take care of together traction offers who in the particles and it may look in the behavioral little bit like lions understand this yeah Clemens chemical behaviors filters well chemical that you give that cabinet basically cord is chemically inert drivers well they make some such classification diagrams this is actually an ex offer would you don't have to learn this by heart it is actually an exam ylva usa who I read a lot tencent and dandy pending under composition in percent xd colditz and the loom on play center usually become in what bizarre doing in dredging how year every working with cent or we work with clay or work with rock and we don't heft uw wiel too much windows mixing charles yeah it could be that you have such clay in your sound it usually we talk about cent on play this is an exam of how people classify materials and you can see for the very fine particles dc week all this clay and then huguette silt and then van fines and toe ferry course and then if you go further down you have kool-aid gravel and balders and and son and so on but that's what a man etc clay is chemically the friend of his so in fact it shouldn't be a socialist clerical post books you will find such a classification for rock out to this in the lecture notes on blackboard you also don't have to learn the this just gives an overview of the many times of rock that could sexist one of the big problems of rock first is that many people tank weak is is very homogenius something masses but in reality in work you already have ladder fractures and the amount of fractures determine how easy it is to gift box olivier henry family gay who in irak is very hard to cut i know already has all other factors is much easier to cut the how do you know it would n't you testing to determine how strong is the work really a boat show you such a test they members the particle size the solution in in any time of sorry you do that hef matériaux werd all the particles have so are those him the there would you have certain distribution and this is the typical brave or the particle size distribution in holland usually starts here becomes so mills that him the there this is a millimeters and here you see the biggest won with in and brand and magazines or journal soft and theory first day tail here we the bits that him the r&d and to we the narrow waist matter but it's easy to see piccolo is the fitch and s mark and has the s curve soaking sits it means you lift the up there sits scaling how does it work well this is it so colt cumulative grain distribution turf that means for exam live engages then fifty percent and a look at the that him the there in this case it would be something like a point 15 mm that means that by know fifty percent of the particles is smaller than oh point 15 mm yes ytc ten percent here and before I simply the law mark well ipad yes something like also point out to to mm with at least and percent of the particles in smaller than that they emmer that's the way this works in practice wie usually work wit becomes week already the the fifty so the fifty is the that him the there matching the fifty percent and so sir it must offer also point 15 hours something much smaller boot oil the the fifty so a tell you ever eating picas the stimulus of discourse is already so import and t' violino de the fifty you don't know nothing outside stimulus of the heart so for axe apollo of have very steep dare and homos vertical keur this must now already the particles he rebuilt be scythe sometimes all particles have the same size just do an experiment for yourself white white marbles and marbles so ds4 wave poets firth in the box and get quite a high sparrow city the course there arno particles that fit in the poor's between those marbles yes sorry this quay the hype rossetti that guavas ferry loos types of my work it means i'm very small particles and he them ferry big particles so there will always be smaller particles fitting in the poor's offers who in the thick particles that means icann hef and much higher density na micro balance spoors can be filled up with mill particles this om also means and will probably have much slower permeability film your buttocks that is how easy the words will fleet dead matter and yeah pff big boys motor or louis there you go ict gravel yeah words hardly any assistance flow into the gravel resistance with well it is sweet small just as good lift his white white very close types and family small particles then probably the permeability will be very logical for your heart for the motor to flow so so typeless or the kerf the terminal around man rent the density so white steeper something let's dance it is and tess had the density of quarts we the density of the cent per cubic meter so with elastic earth the density will increase the permeability will decrease another primate a parameter which we will see leder is the angel of internal fiction show how much friction dewey five years old he lifts particles in the poor's weekly in the piglets particles he wants probios er have higher Enkel of internal fiction so what some people use the die 15 and the die eighty-five for this other use the die ten and the die ninety so he is now here the die pain this point and he invited ninety in fact icann fine straight line between them and have measure for my stimulus whereby he does we the tent and the ninety become 15 and the eighty-five that's a matter of choice yes yes yes boot wiko's the particle density for ports is applied x 25 x 15 kilograms per cue the meter for normal cent who already is used to 1000 so to point also in currently [ __ ] you the meter but in fact cent yes are of the Lord forty percent for a city the end could have percent i let save the queen dirty a fifty percent show you can calculate what what the range of the density so density scoot start at something like 100 nineteen hundred power to twenty one hundred for see you cent we this completly die pence om whether it's already contact this am I want bio lion bit more than to 1000 f you just let it settle freely probably ar the mind' in their rotor santing and and when it's all it deep and some om the brain distribution cause dredging now how you gretsch in the pipeline up to eighteen and get wet or to we the seventeen hundred is once about those were come we could go up to date in their neighborhood but of course and give it still flows whereby walsh account point it so good medicine with the density of fourteen hundred how the hissing will this cent company can also make one which is a fluid cent and has jc which one is the most important ever how the alka bath coating process is and so of who deal with the density of so end in situ so that they the toe 1000th fries arkenbout hydraulic transport and and and sedimentation in hoppers jungsheft' you deal with the settling velocity of particles and then its the density of the fever that's important yes so deep and such which application invited the problem of dredging is that how year constant with the interface off will the mechanics and fluid mechanics whole that tail white cent and clay s will this attest soenens week-update and it go into the pipeline system first flows and the the problem is the people of fluid mechanics sun times they do what i call to face flow and rollator and will that so woldring god with family concentrations no never work white concentrations wework white and weekendworkshop like a at one point case of yours fifty percent fall you matrix all its concentration user id the designed acted as if you call to hydraulic engineering here in this building and you talk about erosion process is in rivers usually the concentrations on much slower and could be 5% and percent but maybe in the yellow river in china the concentration and is a bit higher dewi the the he concentric or will this that not like what should you do so in ragged series square the difference one media hear that the the the meant of zwitsal the boring mechanics and what we do in somer knowledge in general they want to konstrukt santing of sorry that still therefore very long time and building the images red building there a red and what we do who want to the scatter it in the fraction of a second the coach elephants got it and transported and after this hill show you active and passive so many hours in then you can see the difference between the two we danny well you this was the particle size the solution i-vtec the door effective of this you could model this is a normal distribution not one hundred percent that I this could get close to we normal distribution and what he do myself is that tick debate a horse bilo the fifty percent and use that is one normal distribution and the top horse is another normal distribution boot having fifty percent of the promobility and then if you combine to normal distributions in the integrated and you can gather blood care for almost any time of sorry such parameters always berkeley provided he misses he said don't know too much about them peak oil don't really use it that in such mechanics delft and use it what a day where you hef the maybe there a more limits with the plastic limit and the liquid limit basically wit the liquid limit what your goal is you take such a clay dota dota parameters for cleo take some clay you the word there one till it starts closing g because it gets a fluid it starts closing and then you that term confused to content and that your link wit limit the plastic limit is whether it a bit take a piece of clay your tail rowling and tell you see cracks in the clay and that's what you call the plastic limit well the heavy equipment for duvet week and not really be late dozen limits to pyramids light and so strict cheer jumps and for the chain process me not the compression strict the very strict the tensor frank maybe dollar and troubles gracious how dating the to me the why can measure the compression strict directly and there to good guys for that why would a star the choir loan we do stinks so age as mentioned and be chose and so mechanics the you swimming pool weed everyday use them maaspodium relations those are imported for exam period f density well density is very simple density is the Maas diva close to the fall you immediately week earlier density outside sorry consists of will something belongs there and maybe there review were buff the root level problem already so far in the sorry so youtube already so well what is the positive so percent i is the percent touch of force for trade show is the patient which of course the guided by the percent is or something like that and something like that they this number with the opinion is the same but we're always use the persity what density year set specific gravity is the density over matter or divided by for example the holter density in fact in general ic the floor density picos in thousands live to be word it has you the guided by the motor density for normal applications so the the specific gravity of cent is two points x5 a cent is twenty-six fifty becomes there is about one point oh sorry got two points x5 if you want to be very good in the pencil is it freshwater salt water and freshwater is a little bit more than one point l and kind of water views oil one point autry okay then if you blew that twenty-six 15 by because thousand eur tea and a little bit more could get for normal calculations medio straight to plant x5 relative density is where are you if if you chance every cent can have minimum persity and a maximum procession and the minimum persity wc the relative densities of 100% picos than its the most heavy the maximum percent i wc the relative density is zero percent if so the skill from zero to one 100% that he chose the very well patient the post i officially percent and the the post i of 100% deep and without tie percent so in give you some relative vierlinghweg where my visit to c4 0% is all this positive off fifty percent yes I that pence to the time percent boot did this research on that so sir you see the scale of very red one 100% for the relative density vertically so so colt spp value with a will explain leder in the tail that this basically is your drawing cylinder you hit this white shirt and know and your account the number of hits to get one viert into the ground that the sp team value and then you can see sometimes in my relatives density iroh percent so that means the highest for city so own family teacher so the sp team values ​​almost shiro and the one 100% it's pretty high yes then permeability permeability is how i sick and the words flow to the matériaux and in normal sense with the we here something in centimeters per sec and ten and here you can see the fun types of material wal in normal sans we heffen permeability overbouwd ten meines for led cb quint and meines trient and meines 5 that would be enormous permeability for cent but so we will see leder the coating forces haar in certain cases out proportional we the permeability so in we have range of in order street to it and meines five jets effects of their turn eva download correct permeability aykut make mistake of matching an effector of them lasts in marketing forces and evtimiy design things dredge and he calculate the design loods we the effects of their blood in the room direction he heave problem hot wet which one hundred times too much it will always work but it will be too expensive waait zo that sperma willen die if you look at clay the permeability in clea ik weet deep en probe type' of klebe dit could be light and to de meines tent en toe de meines eleven so come horse white be there is effect over bout and to the sixth lower which means it's one million times less per piece of furniture then sent yes and in work it real deep and sin typer for you even heavier homo gini your black the perm your buttocks team even pee smaller than in clay small company resumed with the ladder fractures yes so you can say you come over general to them also in box tables they give some numbers for thief and types of rock angle of internal fiction and that's very important one the angle of internal fiction well mechanical engineers are used to think of friction coefficients civil engineers are usually used to think in terms of an angel of fiction what is the difference there is no differences your time the engine it' of the angel of internal fiction you have the fiction coefficient if we basically it's so one is just another way of putting it this angle of internal fiction you will find in in in oh look creatures become how you talking about clay cent work the left to deal with the angle of internal friction now very important thing and aow snow intermediate decks mxm the people mix it up friction deep and to normal stressor normal force so the friction force is the norm force times the friction chose fish and try to buy don't have any normal for sound when the friction force leden wie wil als het alka bad cohesion and action which i basically sier krachtt wel adhesion is de sticky effect of material and adhesion so nat not normal force so e.g. cat here sits tape and output it around the table in my tail pulling and wet [ __ ] around the tape the tape and it is extreme this itself so cohesion and adhesion ishares drinkt and they do not require enorm force friction you only live view all she has normal for so normal stress here we talk about de angle of internal fiction en for normal sans aah good c de angle of internal fiction is somewheres die client urticae greece and forty five degrees dozen not absolutely nuts wat somebody' channel with fine de sandwich quinty five degrees of fifty degrees thanks ai ai boots een ein die 5% of de sencys bedrt dirty en en forty five degrees something like that here you see small table gerede use de sp 10 value in many so mechanics books you will find at en de reason is that ass booty is sowieso to determine its very cheap en je kan doe het anywheres in the world here dead not and expansive le barge become you can see classification of cent ferry loose and tess a furry les petits value and angle finds earn a fraction of auteur die degryse here dc twenty-nine but it's twenty-nine gerty they built his den loes twenty-nine gerty medium thirtytwo dirty six dance thirty-six to for the one and very dance het bigger than forty one now this angle of internal friction so not only the band om the density of descent and so high compaq this is it already so deep and strongly om the angler team of the particles you will of her family lives particles it will be lower van ferry angler particles it will be higher so if you did wedge a project up in the mountains probably you will have much higher angle of internal fiction eefje do this in the senior nests where i probably the scent is already quite round it and the the freak no english will be leeuw this smaller here you also see in fact becomes you he 4 here the sp 10 value and here the angle of internal friction and there is such a correlation equation for this you will from grandma and spiti value icandy terms the angle of internal fiction budget-line swift the scatter of doos measurement so this scatter of plus meines tree de gryse which is quite a lot yes this is picture iphone the in the book of petroleum engineering rebuilt mining and it gives the relation between the friction force and the normal force for many times of rock and if you put some lines to the effect the there is only give you the angle of internal fiction and these are only between friction and normal force that has you take the lois pines out enqueue we get it somewhere along 20 ruiz of twenty-five degrees it is just an exam of of measurements did this in rok of course it's more difficult to the term and the single Frisian pine in cent you have with if you just take two pieces of cent peper your stick want the table and the other one he the tab and your feet certain way to knit and then you start pulling and you take the normal force and the the pulling for you we they have your angle of fraction of 30 cent paper and that's how you can do it and if you want to know the external fiction single which is the friction that two in his and without matter likes tiel modest producer paper on a piece of steel' and do the cm experiment and you measure the friction single I win cent and still external or I no single so that she the single offers who in cent well orok or whatever and contain case fits all with the culture it so that steel in general what people do you see some grain asians here becomes something aos that tick honks or the angel or internal freaking i dasn't heften be that way it could be little bit different met first of all the angle of external friction that you can measure can never be bigger than the internal fiction single yes that radically it could the suppos hè stayed and cent is moving over the bleach and the friction between the cent and the bleach is bigger than the angel finds euro friction what wants to have is the particles will stick to the bleach and wan lair ow of the bleach the particles want stationing over each other we the angel or internal fiction so in sochi kees he wants to measure the angle of internal friction also yes aykut make service of cent particles and grew older cent particles to that service and that would create a higher freak take it quiet becomes that measure wants to offer internal fiction a hippie costs so the central tail sharing internal lee so that's why c the maximum external fiction a single is the internal visioning you will never measure more although the red I do you the right and pray in general out eco-point 6 7 of tootert and that works very fine that is the right roelof the temp yes and has if you want to know exactly yes you have to do measurements bedtime need is that this the ladder chain tests entail bartley and what arno test how it giving sometimes and samples to so so mechanics libor tree and then you get values ​​for this external friction single they do not match what we found in the le board risks you doing accountant chain test joralf completely different stress conditions s in a stander test in the libor 3 so out prefer to get my detail of the real experiment choose trash can just hoarse and know who wants torque more in the tailor old with cohesion is the internal very strict about matter so in play lucky a talk about copy they with we our torh quarter strict effect for stihl you could also about cohesion with nobody so everybody will call it share strength have the college is I want and then very strict family in the ww anyway and ethical is the external officer jumps so in boot case is you talk about sheer jumps and the year not the pending om ni normal stressor normal force sir juliette table with an values ​​well we talk about very soft clay well sir they talk about the usa so will explain later is the and could fine compressive strength quiz normal first two times the cohesion smaller than twenty-four that would be grey that you yoast one you were lidl industry c modeling clay so very soft play its also very sticky and off and the adhesion offset dressed and they built his value is the copy his so the external sticky effect is about this famous the internal stikken you fit and of course that the pen om those had matériaux yes that and then the harder you can hear you have almost for them the capi jjs value the harder gets the smaller the adhesion so if you take a very hard clay it is possible that the heart lies sandy ed reese and anymore and white shirt and types of walk in fact if you keep calm packing the clay that could be calm a sort of set me theory work and jaapje potje hen tom the funeral of social work you will know the not notice and i sticky effect so the adhesion is almost very hear it is very oh yes so so white clay you can not real ic adhesion is like fifty percent of the cohesion well for very small ethical Caucasians it's almost eagle for very high cohesion sietzo must zero in of your they have to deal that white white clay's working on white section ankles and under types of tankers and if you look at the regulations of the classification bureaus like EPA and die and vn such they have rule that you take the adhesion fifty percent of the copy they well this completely die pens and is this soft play or hearth rug cannot say is fifty percent the what is the task of those classification bureaus so sweet in in europe for youth veritas let die and 4 Lloyds Epica is from the milk and petroleum institute what is their job they work for an insurance company right so their job is to set rules that take care it will not be damaged it will take care that is your images ship or platform it will stay intact for a long time preferably long dirty here's the cause of death and against to pay like Daryl's ass a save the factors don't write to explain their will switch scientific equations be cause you will get kon views of to not so a twerk effect for for the holding capacity of tankers iphone that you him certain brave from EPA and your as red shirt and bladder of comes an Inholland take Vrijhof anchors will produce anchors the line of EPA is very conservatism also the holding capacity of ankles is well it is Milo it is you take the book or the anchor company something with Shire for exec who so his ankle so Germans case studies and Simon Taiwan to see what do you find based on science and they found align in the middle and I think and yes also of course Epica wants to the conservative for the wise the has you pidbull thrones' and free or anchors wants to sell anchors so the year nore positive that's the way it works small company look in those books why internet be careful with what you finder picos usually is so and find a or scientific base something something something this comes a save the factors and one you make the design in your master thesis who want to see the scientific busy and by means of sable this is what he calculate in a and like the pute safety factor of one point fiber to do not perfect but then it's clear what is the safety effects anyway is just between heavy team based on science okay this was such a clay quickly must you want to do some of the testing equipment this is a could fine compression stress well put in fact cylinder or matériaux your tail compression not and till it feels and you measure the relation between stress and strain so you learn have the stress here so train you will probably fine the maximal which wrapped compressive strength and usually after it collapse is the stress well so colledge picos the matter will already field and the the The shape of such a diagram tells you that the matter is built so that the UCS value and like I'm ready set the copies the sheer strength is usually 15% of the USA fli bible explain that more in the tail we through the moor circle and could fine unless is strange yes you want to have simple like this you do it and Saliou start pulling a knitting windith much so that the ten would strength what we use more for rock is so so colt brazilian split test brilliant and would test that wolfeind the appreciation bts in in many books which Thomas van this test what they do they take a cylinder of village tail you have to the horizontal tail [ __ ] not yet and if you could hardly knew it will split into at once yes would Julia the split over this line and then you have symbolism reason of calculating the ten salt jumps of the matter so this is an import and Twan the course will use it of to in dredging and the especially Iwan you do deep sea mining people so what is the bts value brittle versus the language brittle you can have brittle in tune with well let's first villages stomach hurts doc time whose that you have besides continuous much here process with plastic the formations with no trixx it are eyes continuous much you mechanism it's like when i was coating stihl in the turning machine you get the continues chip hartley and effectively so that doc language steele is it the language material that if you could walk yes everybody need is this or no she often does the point or whatever a chisel arm in in the skirts to tail ping it the certain point the hollow chip well will be blown out and that's what we call whittle well basically left to right or brittle your huh unless very much here which can course brittle much here and you have very much here she is emily is here slide is that could also be britt or something brittle is not just it and so effectively copies sheer fracture and arrangement ferry or to boot mechanisms or approved are time during the process of r' chain well if you a busy know ductal chain and you push test josie the destressing crisis and real certain point it's almost constant can still increase a little bit and that's why we now have that language behavior or you have the brittle behavior lie kwie so in the us test juliette maximal stress and after that it collapse is die kosten materie or much maybe het pooty of wel back to zero' deep and sun the test just like that the test the sp theory die menschen this spt you take cylinder white shirt and die hem the er and a shirt and cone angle that sim port and that the king the lis stendert is six degrees usually you hit white shirt and leed in fact the way they start ik you drop the weet over fix distance and i gather certain impulse om the cylinder and then you count the number of hits they call it the number of blush per feet something like that in the merk and invention and the number of blushes per feet that's the sp 10 values can imagine love grande is harder between he no longer angry per feet and he have higher sp10 value so these tips an exam or that then we'll they have the siepie the cage penetration test is like so the cylinder white shirt and die hem the er already so cone of six degrees but in this case you niet much more equipment you push it into the ground with the fixed velocity something like wet white blushing is with the constant velocity and if you look at those who Weiss is depot manager and transducer fancy you can measure the resistance bet you could also measure the procession of the ground by having pressure transducers of whatever you can measure the friction and 13 under cylinder by having special segments for this in fact you could girl whatever you want to measure so dozen much more complicated devices and you need is truck becomes a died otherwise you don't regain front [ __ ] dente the ground so this is already much more expensive way of the terminal chanting of the sorry but it's more fundamental this is it is better we this like a morning spencer dozen son of the cones they have you you can see bihain the king of the riese section where they measure the friction trajectory much test very important he was tel more built we who does the moor circle the lord you have piece of matter it could be sent it could be clay intermediate piece of material in this chamber you could put a certain pressure could fine pressure your coolblue that your pc okay arno bonte hydrostatic pressure of 300 bars like in deep sea mining and then he wants to do my test and you can do that then your tail ping from the tap yeah and then turned matériaux sales you'll get him so colt more circle out of that but usually een like more circles at the font ko n fine pressure to get angle of internal fiction and as so we will look at that one how you do the beautiful circle so this is the wise this is the real that vice they use it the bar in together know x this is a simple test to measure shere would here you have your soul your [ __ ] white certain strayshop enormous of stress on it and you can measure your free action or you could imagine your head choose yes that will be so week and you can measure tess fancy s you want and then we have the peat very test day of to use this in forex apple blame on who I read that has the claims to heart problem because work would you you hear you have been your tail rotating it you measure the resistance and that measure for your very strength yes sure yes in this case is the shift and it in that's it for two day and then next week will continue it more circle active passes and white cent chain