Daily Current Affairs Analysis | 05th August, 2026 | Shankar IAS Academy | UPSC | Mains 2026

[music] Hello everyone, welcome to the daily current affair analysis brought to you by Shangra Academy 5th August 2026. Before getting into the discussion, please make sure that you subscribe to our YouTube channel. If you haven't please do subscribe and also hit the bell icon to receive ontime updates from the academy. And before getting into the topics for today's discussion, we have an important announcement. So the Shankai Academy is mosha UPSC all India mains open mock test will be conducted on 7th August 2026. So you can scan this QR code for more uh information and registration or you can check our website. And coming to the topics for today's discussion, the first topic is nashamuk. you were forbal. So now the prime minister of India has launched this campaign to mobilize at least 1 cr youth people to fight against the drugs in the society and the next is hiroshimmites. So now the researchers have identified a new alloy in the hiroshimite. So what is hiroshimite? What is the feature of the newly identified alloy? We are going to discuss in this topic. And next is the recent wildfire crisis in Europe. So we know that the Spain you know they declared national emergency because of the wildfire and the entire European continent is going through a phase of faster heating and you know uh high temperature and so in this background we'll be discussing what is the reason behind the wildfire in the European region and how those European region are vulnerable or at the high risk of wildfire and the fourth article is about a NIDIO report. So as per the NIDIOG report we can see that in the last one decade nearly 94,000 government schools were closed in India. So we are going to discuss this as a mains article. So we'll be discussing what is the uh the key findings from this report and uh you know which are the most affected affected regions I know what will be the impact of this uh condition and also we'll be we'll be discussing some of the measures to address this problem and finally we'll be discussing the prelims focus for the day. So if all set let's begin the discussion with the first article. Coming to the first article what is the drug-free youth for wigasit bat campaign. Article is taken from the Hindu. So on 2nd August the prime minister of India launched nar wigasit bat sangalp abia. In English it is known as uh drug-free youth for developed India pledge campaign. So this campaign was launched by the prime minister of India on 2nd August to eradicate the drug abuse among the youth population as well as from the society of India. And through this 100week campaign we are planning to mobilize at least 1 cr youth to support the biggest barat through eradicating the drugs from the society. So talking about the campaign so the duration of the campaign is 400 week and we can see that nearly 28,000 plus locations are already you know spotted and the initiatives have started in nearly 28,000 locations in India and we are planning to mobilize at least over 1 cr young people of India to eradicate or to support the to eradicate drugs and to support the vigasitar vision and we can see that this initiative this campaign is supported by nearly 125 plus spiritual, educational, public and industry bodies and the activity focus. So we can see that we are through this campaign we are planning to shift the focus of the youth population from drugs and other you know illegal activities to productive things like sports, arts, culture, meditation, spirituality and community service. And talking about the link with vigasid bharat. So how this nashmok iwa vigasit bat sulabyan is going to support the vision of vikasid bharat. So we know that currently if you take the population of India majority of the people belongs to the working age group. So they have good productivity. They have they are the future of this country. They are the huge resource of this country. But due to the drug abuse you know the health and the productivity of the people will be affected. So if the health and this productivity is affected it will lead to economic loss and it will affect the social stability that means it will affect the individual's family life and social life and eventually the person will get you know uh isolated from the society his productivity will be affected you know and also we can see that uh uh these days India especially in the case of India India India is located between two major horse of drugs that is uh you know in the east we have the golden triangle and in the west we have the golden crust % both are you know raising concern about know the inflow of drugs into the Indian society. So considering all the factors we have launched this uh initiative. So through this initiative we are planning to bring the youth population to fight against the drug and also to shift their focus from drugs to other productive activities like the sports, culture, meditation and community service and uh the three pillar strategy. So this campaign is focusing on uh three areas that is first is demand reduction that means reducing through raising awareness reducing the demand for the drugs. Second is supply reduction that means taking actions against the production and supply of the drugs and next is harm reduction that means it is focusing on rehabilitation and reintegration of the people back to the society back to the community and the whole of society approach. So this is the three major pillars of the uh so far we have discussed the three major pillars of the the campaign or the uh you know or the n national because it's barat campaign initiative and next this initiative is also focusing on hall of society initiative that means combining the society government and other institutions to work against the drugs and next is it is focusing on youthcentric initiative that means we through this campaign we are focusing more on youth that means we are planning to mobilize over 1 cr youth to fight against the drugs and and also we can see that through this like I mentioned we are planning to make a shift in their focus and next is ecosystem attack that means targeting the entire drug chain instead of you know individual users or individual suppliers and as a part of this campaign the home ministry launched uh a document so the home minister of India Mr. Ramisha released this document. So as per this document you know we are focusing on you know we are utilizing certain uh initiatives to fight against the drugs. First is dict pillar that means identifying the international supplier syndicate and financial trials behind the drug. And next is disrupt pillar that means breaking the the supply chain that means breaking the entry point the local distribution of the drugs. And next is destroy that means dismantling the the crimes indicate behind the operation of the drug abuse. And these are the three major strategies used by you know mentioned in the vision document released by the ministry of home affairs. And also this document is giving adequate attention to digital area because we can see that these days we are utilizing many technologies for the drug supply. For example, we are using drones to uh you know to supply the drugs across the border and then uh you know instead of using the national currencies now the drug mafia or the syndicate they are using digital or cryptocurrency for the transaction. So such areas are remaining out of our focus. So this vision document released by the home ministry is giving adequate attention in these areas to destroy the the ecosystem that is supporting the drug abuse. And next is financial angle. So that means we can see that you know destroying the financial supply or that means financial uh or the funding to the drug organization and also you know uh blocking such uh you know financial funding to the drug organization this is the next initiative under this vision document and next is and coming to the India's enforcement record between 2014 and 2026. So if you take the last 12 years we can see that India has made lot of progress in the fight against the drug abuse but at the same time we have certain challenges still existing. We will discuss the challenges in the upcoming slide. So so far what are the major you know achievements against the drug uh smuggling or against the drug abuse. So we can see that within this 12 years the government agencies have captured nearly 1.18 cr of drugs and out of this nearly 42 lakh cages of drugs were destroyed under the narcotic drugs and psychotrop psychotrophic substance act of 1985 and next we can see that over eight lakh plus cases narcotic cases were registered in the in the last 12 years and out of this nearly know out of the 10 lakh uh 10 lakh accused casea cases the police took immediate action. So this is you know showing the this is indicating you know improved or the faster actions against the cases associated with the narcotic abuse. And next is through the operation rage pill the narcotic control bureau for the first time in India captured captor. So capagen is actually a synthetic drug which is primarily used for medical purpose but later the people started abusing it. So for the first time through the operation rage pill the the narotic control bureau captured the cap captogen for the first time in India in the month of May 2026 and the in the same month through the operation white strike we have captured nearly 350 kg of cocaine from the Mumbai in the same month in the month of May 2026. So these are the major achievements of India in the recent times against the drug abuse but at the same time we have another aspect that is integration and rehabilitation. So which is still remaining slower in the society. So what are the major challenges in India in fighting against the drugs? First of all the location. So we can see that India is you know India is located between the golden crescent and golden triangle. Both are known for cocaine and other synthetic drug production. And next is synthetic drug. So we can see that in the recent times the you know instead of bringing the drugs in into the country you know many people are diverting the drugs which are actually used for the pharmaceutical purpose for drug making and identifying this groups you know uh which are usually scattered in different parts of the country. So identifying this groups and taking action faster is going to be a little bit difficult in the coming days. And next is you know darknet trafficking. So instead of using the traditional method now the communication and the root of distribution is communicated through the darknet which is outside the you know the the you know the conventional cyerspace. So therefore tracking this groups is going to be a difficult task for the uh administration. Next is use of cryptocurrency. So, so instead of using uh you know the the national currencies or other payment now the people are using cryptocurrency which is very difficult to you know the transaction is very difficult to uh track and most of the time this transactions will be happening outside the the you know the the conventional cyber space and next is drone smuggling. So we can see that instead of using the traditional way know now the syndicates are using drones for uh distributing the drugs across the boundary. And next is rehabilitation gap. So one side we are taking immense actions faster actions against the drug abuse, the drug smugglers and all but another side the rehabilitation and integration uh initiatives are still remaining very slow in India. So this is leading to you know stigma and also you know it will affect the person who who who are willing to restart their life. So these are the major challenges you know uh for India in fighting against the drugs and now we have a rel practice question. The question is consider the following statements about Nashmuk Yapur Vikasit Bat Salan and India's anti-drug strategy. Statement one it is a 100week campaign focused on sports arts culture meditation and community service. Statement two, the vision document on drug control was released by the prime minister at the 10th NCOD AEX meeting. Statement three, dictect destroy uh disrup dict and destroy strategy targets only international drug suppliers. And statement four, India lies between golden crescent in the west and the golden triangle in the east. How many of the statements given above is are correct. So we can see that you know uh 100 days we campaign it which is focusing on uh the sports, arts, culture, meditation and community service that is correct and the vision document uh on drug control was not released by the prime minister. It was released by the home minister of India not the prime minister. So the statement two is incorrect. Dictect, disrupt and destroy strategy targets only the international drug supplier. No statement three is also incorrect. And India lies uh between golden crescent. It is located in west. Yes. And golden triangle in the east. So the statement four and statement one are correct. So the correct answer is going to be option B only two. Yes. With this we will move to the next article. Coming to the second article. Previously unknown alloy found in Hiroshima blast debris. Article is taken from the Hindu. So recently the researchers studied hiroshimite and they found a new alloy inside the hiroshimite and the study regarding this finding was published in the journal science advances in the month of July 2026. So what is mean by a hiroshimite? So hiroshimite is nothing but it's a glass-like foidal bead formed during the hiroshima atomic bombing of 1945. So we know that you know uh the American government they dropped two atomic bombs in the two major cities of Japan in 1945 to end the war. So after this bombing Japan surrendered unconditionally right. So two bombs that is little boy and Batman. Two bombs were dropped in two major cities that is Hiroshima and Nagasaki. So we know that once an atomic bomb is dropped or it is blast in a particular region it will release immense energy and temperature. And in the case of the fatman, it released a temperature between 3,000 to 5,000°C, which is equal to the outer layer of the sun. And we can see that in the case of little boy, it released a temperature between 10,000 to 12,000°C, which is much much higher than the outer layer of the sun. So in this temperature, the objects like the soil, concrete, steel and other urban materials will react with the with this much temperature and energy. As a result, they will be vaporized. That means once atomic bomb is blasted in the region the materials will be vaporized within micros secondsonds and they will be vaporized and we can see that then the materials will be subjected to rapid cooling but in the in in the in the in between between this time the the elements the composition of the materials would have reacted between each other and then they will be cooled and then they will be solidified and we will get hiroshimite. So hiroshimite we can see that within this hiroshimite there will be different elements there will be different you know combination or different metal can be extracted and still this hiroshimite is you know subjected it it is studied by different researchers and now the researchers studied this hiroshimite and they found a new alloy. So the name of this alloy you know the the features of this alloy has similarities with some other elements but still it is not showing a complete similarity. Therefore we have classified this alloy as a new class of material. So the re researchers studied this hiroshimite and from this erosite they extracted a micrometer sized metallic grain and this metallic grain that is alloy. What is mean by alloy? Alloy is nothing but it is an element made up of or it is a metal made up of two or more elements. For example, in the case of steel, it is an alloy. It is made up of iron and iron and carbon. So like that this alloy is a you know it's a material that is made up of two or more elements. And we can see that this alloy that we extracted from the hiroshimite made up of it is made up of iron, chromium, nickel, manganesees, silicon, moly, moly, denim and also aluminium. So we can see that this much you know elements combined to form you know a micrometer sized metallic grain inside this hiroshimite. And we can see that you know if you take the formation of this uh alloy we can see that this alloy also formed through the same process only. So once the temperature reaches 7,000°C or more than that this elements becomes a small fireboard and then uh they will be vaporized you know and then they will be subjected to rapid cooling but like I mentioned between this time the elements would have reacted between each other right and this rapid cooling will prevent the normal crystal formation. So this process is known as quenching this ultra fast cooling uh you know process is known as quenching. So this quenching will prevent the formation of new crystal structure. So therefore we have classified this new alloy into a new material. So this is how this alloy is formed. Therefore the know like I mentioned this alloy is posessing a crystalline structure which we have never seen before. Therefore we have classified this into a new material. And the reason behind this new knowh this crystallin formation this unique crystallin formation or the limited crystallin formation is nothing but the process of bunging. So once the temperature is reaching uh you know much higher the objects will be vaporized and then they will be subjected to rapid cooling and this rapid cooling will prevent the formation of structure like in the usual case. For example, if an element is cooling very slowly, it will support the the crystallin formation or crystal structure formation. But that is not the case here. So that is not the case here. Here the object is cooled rapidly. Therefore the the formation of crystal structure is prevented or it is very limited. And this is one of the features of the new alloy that we found inside the erosimite. But this alloy is showing some significance because you know it also showing some similarities with some other elements. We will discuss the elements in the coming slide. So it is the the this discovery is showing you know it is having significance because it is demonstrating that high energy plasma environments can produce materials impossible to synthesize under ordinary laboratory conditions. So we have doing a lot of research by through combining different elements and materials but now we can see that elements are formed in high high energy plasma condition which cannot be produced in the normal laboratory conditions. And next it provides insights into material behavior under extreme temperature and energy. And next is it act as a high resolution record of the conditions during the nuclear explosion. So what uh you know like I mentioned you know how this material is reacting how what happens to the material all these things can be studied through understanding this alloy or through understanding the hiroshimite. So this is the significance of this new alloy and talking about its similarities. So we can see that it is you know because of the limited crystallin structure or because of the different crystallin structure this alloy is classified as a new material right but it has some similarities for example this new alloy shares similarity with the high entropy alloy. So this high entropy alloy you know this type of alloys are made up of multiple more than you know two or three elements. So we can see that this high entropy alloys are made up of multiple principal elements usually five or more than five know elements and we can see that they this high entropy alloys are known for their high strength excellent thermal stability corrosion uh beer resistance and also radiation resistance. So this is sharing you know the this new alloy that we found inside the hiroite is sharing some of the features similar to the high entropy alloys. And talking about the high entropy alloys, they are mostly used in the aerospace, nuclear reactors, defense and advanced manufacturing because of the high high strength thermal stability and all. And also we can see that it is sharing certain similarities with the quasi crystals. So the new alloy is sharing certain similarities with the quasi crystals. So we can see that in the case of the uh you know the the the new alloy that we discovered from the hiroshimite the cooling happened very rapidly that is known as quenching. So this cooling happened very rapidly. So like I mentioned this rapid cooling will prevent the proper you know expansion or arrangement of the atoms. So here comes the similarity between the quasi crystals and the uh alloy. So we can see that this quasi crystals also do not have you know a perfect periodic or atomic arrangement. So this case this feature is similar to the new alloy that is discovered from the hiroshimite. And in the case of the costic crystals we can see that this cosic crystals will exhibit certain unusual properties like high hardness low friction poor heat conductivity but high beer resistance. So these are the major features of the cosic crystals. So in the case of the new alloy al in the case of the new alloy and in the case of the cosic crystals we can see an you know a non perfect atomic arrangement. So now we have a prelims practice question. The question is with reference to the recently discovered alloy found in the Hiroshima atomic glass debris. Consider the following statements. Statement one, the alloy was discovered inside glass-like beads known as Hiroshimite formed due to rapid cooling of vaporized urban materials after nuclear explosion. That is correct. And statement two, the alloy shares characteristics with high entropy alloys which are typically composed of several principles principal elements and other valued and are valued for their high strength and he uh thermal stability. Yes, that is correct. Uh because of the features they are used in the nuclear reactor defense aerospace and all. And statement three cosy crystals possess a strong a perfectly periodic atomic arrangement similar to conventional crystals. No quasi crystals and the new alloy that we discovered from the hiroshimite both do not have a perfectly arranged atomic arrangement. So the statement three is incorrect while statement one and two are correct. So the correct answer will be option A one and two only. Yes, with this we will move to the next article. Coming to the third article, Europe summer has led to unprecedented wildfires. Article is taken from the Hindu. So we know that in the recent times the Europe is experiencing warming severe warming right and we have discussed an article on the heat dome phenomena in the Europe and now in the recent times we saw that the Spanish government they declared emergency national emergency because of the wildfire. So in this background let us understand about the Europe's wildfire concern. So in 2026 itself we can see that the French uh the sorry the France and the the Spain these are the two main countries affected by extreme wildfire events. So in the case of France over 91,000 hectares of land got burnt in 2026 and among the wildfires the Berdu wildfire is the largest one. So this BU wildfire led to destruction of nearly 42 hectares of pine forest and nearly two lakh plus people got displaced from their home because of this BU uh wildfire and in the case of Spain around 1.9 lakh hectares burned since June 2026 and we can see that Spain recorded the highest wildfire affected area since 2022. So uh you can see this map. So uh in the European continent the Spain and the uh Spain and the France these are the two regions which are most affected by the wildfire. So this map is taken from the copper uh data. So we can see that these are the two regions which are affected by extreme or or or at the high risk of extreme wildfire events and uh so why the Europe is experiencing wildfire? what is the major reason? So we can see that the major reason is the uh in the recent times the European continent received above average winter rainfall. So this above average winter rainfall led to growth of vegetation abundant vegetation and this above average winter rainfall was followed by dry hot summer. So this dry hot summer with a huge temperature and extreme heat wave along with the heat dome you know led to uh you know wildfire especially in the dry shs and pine forest. So that this is how you know in the present situation the Europe is becoming more vulnerable to the wildfire and we can see that the conditions like strong wind, low humidity, extreme high temperature and dry lightening these are you know accelerating or these are facilitating the intensity as well as the increasing frequency of the wildfires in the European continent. So the the the strong winter rainfall led to growth of vegetation. But this winter rainfall was followed by heat you know extreme heat summer and this extreme heat sorry the summer this extreme summer was supported by strong wind low humidity extreme temperature and dry lightning which in which increased the intensity and the frequency of wildfire events in the European continent. And uh talking about the displacement we can see that in 2017 nearly uh this data is taken from the internal displacement monitoring center in Europe. So we can see that in 2017 over 7,000 plus people got displaced in various regions in Europe due to wildfire. And in 2018 we can see a reduction to 682 and 2019 848. And in 2020 we can see an increase to 3,000. And in 2021, we can again see an increase uh to 8,000. And in 2022, it know it reached 44,000. And in 2023, we saw a decline back to 3,000. And in 242 and in 2025, it is 2,476. And if you take the 2026, this data is only about the displacement took place during the time of Bodu wildfire. it is not covering the entire European continent. This 2026 data is about the Bodhi wildfire. So in this Bodhi wildfire alone nearly two lakh plus people got displaced. That means if you combine the displacement numbers of the last five years, it is equal to the single body of wildfire event. So it is showing the intensity of the wildfire events. How the intensity of the wildfire events in Europe is increasing. And talking about the warming condition of Europe. So we know that in the recent time the Europe is experiencing severe you know uh heat and warming and the major concern was the heat dome right it is a it is a heat dome is a major reason and we can see that uh Europe is the fastest warming continent outside the Arctic not this in the world the fastest warming region is Arctic outside Arctic the European continent is the fastest warming uh region in the world and if you compare the data we can see the uh difference. For example, if you compare the average temperature between 20 sorry between uh 1991 and 2020, we can see that it was below than the uh 1.8°C of 1955. That means that time the Europe was cold. But now we can see an increase to uh increase by 0.87 CC. So if you calculate both we can see an increase of over know one uh uh increase of nearly 2°C that means the Europe is you know heating faster and the the warming rate of the Europe exceeds other other continents like Asia, North America, Africa and also the global average and like I mentioned not this Europe is the fastest warming region outside the Arctic. So the Arctic is the fastest warming region in the world. So now we have a prelims practice question. So the question is with reference to the recent increase in wildfires across Europe. Consider the following statements. Statement one, Europe is the fastest warming continent in the world including Arctic. Statement two, long above average winter rainfall followed by extreme summer heat can increase the risk of wildfires by promoting vegetation growth that later dries out. Statement three. The European forest for forest fire information system functions under the copper's emergency management service. Which of the statements given above is or are correct? So the first statement is incorrect because the Europe is the second uh uh second fastest warming region in the world outside the Arctic not including the Arctic excluding the Arctic. So the statement two is sorry the statement one is incorrect. Statement two, above average winter rainfall followed by extreme high temperature and summer can increase the intensity or increase the risk of wildfire. That is correct because that's what happened in the case of Europe. So uh Europe experienced a heavy normal uh above normal winter rainfall and this winter rainfall supported the growth of vegetation. But after this winter rainfall there was a certain heat in the Europe and this heating or this drying condition uh accompanied by other phenomenas like dry lightning you know high wind and low humidity supported the uh the wildfire or it increased the frequency of the wildfire. So the statement two is obviously correct and statement three the forest sorry the European forest fire information system functions under the copper nicer emergency management service that is correct. So all the out of three statements statement one is incorrect statement two and three are correct. So the correct answer will be option B. Yes with this we will move to the next article. Coming to the fourth article why are government schools shutting down? Article is taken from the Hindu. So as per the report from the NIO we can see that approximately 94,000 government schools got closed in India in last one one decade. So we know that government schools are very important for educating the children from the backward communities and backward regions. But as for the report from the Nidia yoga we can see that over 94,000 government schools got closed in India in the last 10 years and no doubt this is going to impact the education of the children from backward community. So in this background let us understand more about this article and if you take the scale of the closure from based on the report we can see that over 94,000 schools got closed in the last one decade and if you take the average of the data we can see that it will come approximately 25 government schools per day that means if you take the average we can say that approximately 25,000 sorry 25 government schools are getting closed in India every day and next is enrollment also got reduced so we can see that The enrollment in the government schools got reduced by 2.26 26 cr and the share of the government school in education also got reduced from 71%age in 2005 to 49%age in 202425 and as per the report from the UDC we can see that the national enrollment count also reduced from uh 11 lakh to 10 lakh in the last one decade and we can see that the the government schools are getting closed on one side but on other side the private uh schools are increasing. That means the numbers of the private schools are increasing and also the enrollment in the private schools are also increasing. So what the report is saying is this shift in the education sector is not because of any migration or any demographic changes but purely because of administrative decision. So what are the reasons or what is the main reason cited by the report? So the main reason or the main concern from the report that we can see is about the rationalization of the school. So the report raised a concern about the uh the rationalization norms in the NEP 2020. So the NP 2020 then the national education policy of 2020 supports the nationaliz uh sorry the rationalization of the schools without compromising the concept of neighborhood schools. But when it comes to the ground reality the result is paradoxical. Because of this rationalization the children are not able to access the nearby school. Then what is mean by this rationalization? So imagine that there are two villages village A and village B. So in village A and village B there will be you know two schools for each villages. So due to some reasons due to some demographic changes or due to some reason uh after a point of time there was a significant fall in the enrollment in the school of village A. So once upon a time 70 students used to study here but now only 20 students are studying here. So now the what the government will think the government uh you know will think that you know the school is not working properly. So let's merge the school with the the the school located in the village B. So this process is known as rationalization or consolidation of the schools. So that means merging two neighborhood schools. Then what is the problem in this? See it will help us to address the cost. It will help us to you know uh reduce the problem of cost and all. But on other side this is increasing the distance between the children and the school. Before that the children you know they they they walked only for one or two kilometers to reach the school. But now they have to walk approximately 4 to 5 kilometer and in the case of Jammu and Kashmir it the average is nearly 4 to 6 kilometer. So now the children has to walk after the merger now the children have to walk for nearly 4 to 5 kilometer to reach the school in in the neighborhood. So the merging of this neighborhood schools or the rationalization of the school is increasing the distance between the home and the school and this is reducing the accessibility and also it will affect the quality of the quality of education of the children in case if there is no proper transportation facility and we can see that who will you know affect who will who is going to affect most because of this specialization. No doubt the children from the rural and marginalized community and we can see that the report concluded that the neighborhood school is not going to be a substitute that means it cannot be substituted. So through the merger or through the rationalization the neighborhood the concept of the neighborhood school cannot be substituted because it has its own role it can it can enca you know a neighborhood school is not just an institution for learning but beyond that it is a you know it it plays an important role in the social life of the children socialization of the children. Therefore the concept of the neighborhood schools cannot be compromised in the name of rationalization. That is what the report is saying. So that is why the report is raising concern about the the about the ground reality behind this rationalization and the worst affected states we can see that the worst affect affected states because of the closure are UP MP and Jammu and Kashmir. So in the case of UP uh sorry in the case of Madhya Pradesh we can see that over seven lakh children have no records regarding their school and uh as per the data we can see that over 11 lakh children in MB are in the brink of discontinuation and we can see that over uh 3,500 schools in the government schools in the Madhya Pradesh haven't received any admission in the recent times and uh if you take the case of the Uttar Pradesh we can see that within within an year the admission in the government schools got reduced from 1.3 63 lakh to 1.38 lakh and in the case of Jammu and Kashmir the distance is the problem so after because of this rationalization because of the dissolution of the neighborhood schools we can see that now the average distance between the children and the school is approximately 4 to 6 km that means they have to travel 4 to 6 km to reach the nearby school and this will reduce the accessibility And in case if there is no transportation, if the if there is no transportation, it is going to affect the quality of education because by the time when the children reach the school, they will be tired. And who is going to affect? So like I mentioned, you know, the government schools are very important for ensuring equality of education. That means it is it is, you know, it is the only source of education for the children from the marginalized and backward communities. So SCST and OBC children are going to be affected and as per the NSS that is national sample survey of 2019 we can see that uh you know the the Muslim as well as the CST communities are getting cut off from their nearby uh government schools and also the impact on the girls education. So we know that once once the distance is increased between the education institutions and school there will be concern about the safety. So sometimes the families may discourage the girl child from going to the school. So this rationalization or the consolidation is also going to impact the girl the achievements that we achieved so far about the girls education and where the RTI falls short. So how is going how this rationalization or how this condition of the education sector is going to impact the rationaliz uh sorry the right to education. So we can see that RTI guarantees free education but it is not talking about the quality of education that means you know we uh these are the major limitations in the RTA. Uh so we can see that you know uh the RTI is uh saying that it is the responsibility of the state to provide education from 6 years to 14 years. But what about the quality of education and next is nonjusticeable. So we can see that you know uh the children cannot claim in case if they are not able to uh get the quality education and next is power asymmetry. So we can see that RTA perceives a state school family equality that does not exist on the ground reality. So we according to the RTI it is a responsibility of the state school and the parents to educate the children but we cannot expect this equal role in every states or in every region. Sometimes the parents may not have received a proper education. Sometimes the parents or the family will be coming from economically backward section. So in that case you cannot expect the the family to provide education to the children. So the state has to take more role and the next is uh you know school management committees are going unconvened that so this is reducing the voice of the parents and next is staffing bridge. So we can see that if you take the pupil uh teacher pupil ratio you know uh it is on an average in the primary level it is 30 is to1 is 30 is to1 but it will vary according to different states for example in jarand it is 47 is to1 so this is reducing you know the availability of the teachers uh for the students and also it is affecting the quality and next is distance norms so we can see that RTI is not aware of that means the right to education uh is not aware about the the ground reality especially the distance between the school and the children. So this gives opportunity for unscientific rationalization or consolidation of the neighborhood school. So that will impact the the accessibility to the education sector. So these are the major limitations uh you know uh of the RTI or this is how you know the the right to education is affected in the present ground reality. And next is center versus state. So who is going to be responsible? So we we know that the education is a subject in the concurrent list. That means both the center and the state government has responsibility. So who has this responsibility to address this problems who has the we can say that in the state of Madhya Pradesh over seven lakh children have no records about their schooling and on an in the case of Jammu and Kashmir the average distance is between the school and the home is around 4 to 6 kilometer. Right? So who has the responsibility or who is responsible to address this problem? So we can see that the if you take the minister's position in Lok Sabha the center placed the responsibility on the on the state governments that means the center is saying that they are not you know the state governments are not operating with the center for implementing lot of schemes and we can see that RTA central but the right to education act is a central act enforcing it is a union duty. So you know uh we know that the RTA you know act is brought by the central government. Therefore morally they have the responsibility to implement it also and conditional funding and language policy. So in the recent times these do these two issues are you know uh you know these two issues are a matter of tug of war between the the between the state governments and the central government. For example, recently we can say that you know many um many states are not interested in PM3 scheme but they are supporting the or they are allowing the PM3 scheme because of the funding issue. So such you know conflicts or tug of war between the the central government and the state government is also impacting the quality of education and is next is labors exist. So we can see that the real avenue exist for central to intervening. Therefore they have to take the responsibility. So the state governments have their even though it is a subject in the concurrent list the state governments have their own limitations when it comes to funding or when it comes to you know uh implementation of the scheme because since it is a subject in the concurrent list the the the centers decision will always have a supremacy right so the state governments have the limitation uh that doesn't that doesn't mean the state government is not responsible yes the state governments are responsible but the sender is more responsible to intervene in these type of issues. So without any conditional funding without any you know tug of war it is the responsibility of the state and the central government to coordinate for better implementation of the schemes and also for improving the quality of education and so what can be done so how we can address the this ongoing problem first is reducing the phase of rationalization or temporary posting of the rationalization. So we know that going for you know uh rationalization without much discussion can lead to inaccessibility to the educational institutions. So temporary posting of the rationalization can be a suggested measure. And next is restore the neighborhood now. So we know that the schools especially the government schools are not just you know uh education institutions. It is a part of the neighborhood society. So it plays a lot of role. It plays role in you know bringing harmony into society. It it plays important role in implementing lot of localized schemes right it plays an important role in you know bringing together the people. So the the neighborhood norms or the neighborhood concept of school cannot be dissolved in the name of rationalization. And next is filling vacancies. So we can see that you know like I mentioned in the primary level the the teacher people ratio is approximately 35 to 35 is to1 but in some states it can even go up to 47 is to1. So addressing these type of issues is very important to provide quality education and activate the teachers, parents, children meeting. So activating the school management committee is very important. So the children and the parents can raise their concern and their issues. And next is extend the right to education. So we have to cover you know the this is the time where we have to cover we have to extend the provisions to secondary education and also we have to include or we have to bring certain changes in the act based on the ground reality because we have to for example we have to include the provisions related to the rationalization and next is protect the poorest. So whatever the themes or whatever the changes that we are bringing make sure that this is going to this is not going to impact or negatively impact the children from the socially and economically or regionally backward sections. So these are the measures that we can take as of now to address this problems but in the end of the day a proper coordination between the center and the state is very important when it comes to education or any subject in the content list. Right. And now we have a mains practice question. The question is, India's decade-long shutdown of government schools are reflecting not demographic drift but a coordinated administrative retreat that disproportionately harms the poor, poor, women and marginalized communities. Critically examine the constitutional and structural dimensions of this trend and suggest a framework for restoring equitable access to public education. So it's a 15 marks question and you have to write around 250 words. Write the answer, post it in the comment section. We will review and we will reply for your answer. Now it's time to move to the prelinks focus for the day. Coming to the prelinks focus for the day. The first topic is Pingali Wengerya. So recently the prime minister of India paid tribute to Pingali Wena on his 150th birth anniversary. So who was Pingali Wena? So he was born on 2nd August 1876 in the Bal Pendumaru village of Andhra Pradesh and we know that he is the designer of the Indian National Flag. So this was the uh you know the the pingalaya's Indian national flag and we can see that in 1916 in 1916 he published a book called the Indian national flag. So in this book he proposed a nearly 30 plus uh designs of the Indian national flag. And out of this design in 1921 out of this 30 plus designs Mahatma Gandhi selected this design. And in 1923 this design this national flag was hosted in the Nagpur session. But after we got independence after getting the independence uh the the constituent assembly also adopted this uh flag. But we brought a a small change that means we replaced this spinning wheel with the Ashoka chakra. So that is the change that we brought. So Pinkalena is the designer of the Indian national flag. And the next topic is Bogapuram International Airport. So the Bogapuram International Airport was recently inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. So the official name of the Bogapuram International Airport is Aluri Sidaramar Raju International Airport. So we know that alluri sidedu is one of the prominent personalities in the Indian national movement or in the Indian freedom fight. So he organized the rampa or manam rebellion against the British rule in the 1920s. In 1920s he organized the rebellion against the British rule and because of his leadership in this rebellion he's also known as manam viru. And we can see that in the case of uh the airport in the case of Daluri Sidaramaraju International Airport it is located in Bogapuram in the Vidinagaram district of Andhra Pradesh and we can see that it is developed by the government along with the GMR group under the public private partnership model and it is a green field airport that means we developed from the scratch and uh in the case of India you know Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of international airports. So this is a fact Pradesh has the highest number of international airport. And next is Republic of Nawer. So formerly this island country located in the Pacific was known as Nau. So this you can see the location of this country. So it's a small island nation with a population of just 12,000 people and it is located in the Pacific. It is located in the Pacific and we can see that this was ruled by Germany for some time but after the German rule you know after the second world war you know the Germany, Japan all these countries were defeated and this country was placed in the the UN official trust nations list and later you know other countries like New Zealand and Australia they influenced this nation for some time but later they got independence. So this is a short history of uh know Neru and now we can see that it was known as Nau and now the country renamed it as Republic of Neru. So the in you know they retained their their indigenous name as the official name of the country. So we can see that the the rename the the reason behind the rename is respecting and protecting their ancestral heritage, language and cultural identity. And like I mentioned this is a small island nation with just 12,000 people and it is the third world's smallest nation after Bethan and Monaco. And we can see that it is the smallest independent republic in the world. And uh they do not have any capital city but they have a small administrative center that is Yan district and the language they are speaking the native language of the specific uh Pacific region and they are using Australian dollar as a medium of transaction. So this is the overall fact you have to remember regarding the uh the neru and this is a location. So it is located in the northeast part of Australian uh you know part of the Australia. And next we can see that this is the map. So from this map we can see you know it is a small nation surrounded by the Pacific Ocean and Yarn is the major administrative center and Yan also has a you know an international airport and they also have a central plate the country you know the nation in the middle of the nation that means in the center it you know the country have certain mountains and plate like landforms and it is surrounded by coastal region and then by the Pacific Ocean. So now we have a prelims practice question. The question is with reference to the republic of Neru. Consider the following statements. Statement one, it is a world's third smallest nation after Vitican city and Monaco. Yes. Statement two, it has reverted to its indigenous name for the colonial era name from the colonial era name. Yes, that is also correct. And statement three, its official capital city is Y. Say they do not have any official capital city. They have an administrative center and that is Y. So the statement three is going incorrect here. So the correct answer will be option A one and two only. Yes, with this we will we are coming to the conclusion for today's prelims focus. With this we are coming to the conclusion for today's current affair analysis. If you like the video, hit the like button, give your feedbacks as comments and share this content with your friends. And before leaving this channel, don't forget to subscribe and also hit the bell icon to receive ontime updates from the academy. Thank you for listening to us. Thank you for listening to me. Have a nice day. >> [music]