Agriculture and land use - part3

can't hear you yet but we can see your screen can you see my screen yes we can see your screen and now we can hear you also okay can you please confirm whether you see my screen in slideshow mode not yet right now it just looks like the PowerPoint slides I don't know why technology similar to being my favor so the only thing I can suggest if you're seeing the PowerPoint screen you might be able to to click on the duplicate that's what that that's what I did oh now it works this looks good okay perfect it take time but yeah so once again thank you thank you for inviting me here my pleasure presentation will give us the titles building status about adaptation adaptation in Africa and my talking trolls on two set of work we conducted a global review on adaptation research and I want to give a bit of highlights showing what is the share of Africa and then we also have another research on feasibility and the effectiveness of adaptational research so I combined those two pieces and here yeah so I don't know how it's going to be structured but please feel free to stop and ask questions when needed roughly my presentation will as I say that the overview of adaptation research globally and and what we have for Africa and I can highlight some key knowledge about so if I may start with the overview of adaptations globally we see that the Paris agreement commit party to track climate adaptation progress and we expect that the assessment of adaptation progress can facilitate the sharing of best practices so we learn from each other it also happened to identify gaps and support prioritizations of adaptation finals and of course map evidence across regions and sectors so then we can see where we still have gaps and where what has happened in each of each of regions yeah so the adaptations are action documented the academic literature provides a valuable information to track adaptation progress on the ground so this is the process we follow with the gami database so the gummy as I said stand for Global adaptations and this stuff and it involves 126 researchers where we use machine learning method to review 40 80 000 articles just to get a better picture so how adaptations are research are distributed across geographical regions and what are these thoughts and and where the gaps so it's a kind of iterative process it focused mainly on unplayable literature so we don't consider theoretical papers on on adaptation that's not the issue we want to have a kind of mapping of where adaptation or what adaptations approach is used to wear and and what are the gaps so we focus on empirical cases we reflect on Publications and after air five so we started a considering the references from 2014 and the protocol Tree on categorization and priorities outlined in the ipcc assessment and mainly the working group too it includes human assisted responses within natural systems and it include papers that were indexed so we started to resume the title abstract and keywords and we only consider English written paper so that might be a a limited to this in terms of some finding I can highlight that academic studies report adaptations and responses across in global regions and then in the in terms of the global South that way we have the greatest numbers of adaptation papers and the first question is from Asia 45 35 of available references in Africa 32 percent we have a minority of Publications that focus on adaptation responses from Central and South America's six percent and small Iceland States two percent this is a kind of geographical distribution of the adaptations of Publications in terms of content sector or distributions here you can see clearly that Foods is food sectors it's the main focus or the most coverage and then we have a poverty livelihood and sustainable things sort of is the second one and we have health so this is the global perspectives and then we can see how those this sectors are distributed across the regions here I want to focus on Africa and then you can see that it's we have in Africa we have food and poverties as the main sectors covered we have more or less the same pattern in Asia where you see also food and then here we understand food broadly which includes Agriculture and nutritions are only related uh aspects and then we can we have also in Asia poverty and have forced to some extent the health sector uh is the SEC the third one also in Africa and then when you look at uh uh Europe you don't have this kind of distributions it's more balanced not the semen and intensity which shows or confirmed the evidence that developed countries mostly focus on other aspects not really adapt issues so you can see mitigation mainly is a stress in developed countries so we also look at the type of responses and we we have four categories of responses we have technological and infrastructures institutional nature of this Behavior culture so this is the global distribution and when we look at zooming in and then and look at Africa you can see again that you can see that behavior or cultural change is the first the set of responses then we have the yellow the natural base of course in different sectors including forestry agriculture and we had the rate which is a behavioral sorry we have the gray which is a technological infrastructure an Institutional is quite low where when you look at other regions like Australia Australia Asia you can see that institutional is at a quite uh good position so again it confirmed the evidence from literature which says in Africa the governance system so it's a relatively poor so yeah and then we look at the hazard and then you can see here the general the global distribution of Hazard across uh the Regency there when we zoom in Africa we see that that in general climate change we see that a precipitation variables uh are flowering heat uh major hazards again more more nuts and density with Asia and you can see it's quite contrasting with other region in Australia Europe or North America or South America and now I I want to stress on the fact that this is not a filled with its literature based review so it's a really evidence that are articulated in the existing literature and we're also interested in the gami work to look at actors responding to others who are involved in the responses and you can see globally we have adaptation options are more individuals at households level than then to we have government local government but also National governments more or less have the same set of a level of action we have serious society and then when we look at Africa we can see that most adaptations responses are led by individuals who are still an individual or household schemes we have a local government and national government and to some extent CEO which include any ngos also leading some more or driving some other patient responses or or promoting and then it's slightly different when you look at the the picture of other regions of course we are more or less following the same pattern which show again that the global Service more or less the same passions or same way of doing this if you look at Asia and Africa you can see already again that most adaptation responses are individuals or at household level then we have local governments and national government when you look at Oceania or Oceania or Europe and south of America North America it's slightly different we also interested in the transformational change or you can see that the recurrent uh narrative today is that the current adaptation path may not be enough and to cope with to deal with other climate change and we need more transformational change and when we look at how strong adaptations and options are implemented across the globe are in stimulating this transformation we can see that in Africa you see where we have that the when it's uh that green we have high when we have lights and green we have mediums and then when we have you can see the low uh and if you look at the Africa uh it's more or less low transformation so which shows that a kind of responses we have uh here in Africa are not sufficient it will stimulated a transformation compared to other region where you see for instance North American or when you look at the South and Central America you see that the contrast is there and then we can have more or less again the same pattern with Asia yeah so what we capture under this transformation we have different uh contents we have the death not scope the deep and the speed sorry and the limits that's what we frame so how we frame and and transformation now I'm going to zoom in on adaptation research in Africa and then we can see that um I'm sorry adaptations to climate change is one of the most urgent uh in in development agenda for Africa and the choosing a reliable uh or most feasible adaptations strategies require robust evidence mainly to inform policy for policy makers to know what type of adaptation responses to or adaptation path to follow it's important for them to have convincing evidence so we try to look at the 24 adaptation options for assess their feasibility the feasibility here was assessed through different dimensions economic environmental institutional and then we assess also the effectiveness the effectiveness with the capacity of the of the action to reduce risk again we the existing literature and for the selections of the 24 type of adaptational responses we and a stakeholder consultations and asking different type of stakeholders what are the most appealing or the priority we can set up for Africa in terms of adaptation responses and here you can see a kind of mapping of adaptations responses or adaptation action reported in the literatures across regions of Africa and we have the different sectors cities water ecosystem Health poverty and food and if you see I don't know how clear these seven is for you but you can see that sustainable Water Management that is the most uh cited options in in the literature and it's a widely implement it and we see that it's mainly used in East Africa Then followed by the resilience infrastructure and the Technologies which is uh the most referred in uh again in East Africa so this is the kind of Market of adaptation options across Africa now we try to count the number of adaptation action reported for each country's region and sectors and you can see that food sectors for Africa is the dominant adaptations where we have the most important adaptation actions followed by Health poverty water ecosystems and cities so this is the this this piece this C-section shows how those options of sector options are distributed across the African regions but yeah hey and then this is the table showing how uh feasibility and Effectiveness is um is close to the end of operates in in Africa and I'm just going to highlight one example to show how we read this this table now if you look at the agroforestry we see that agroforestry where you have uh these uh dark uh blue uh agroforestry is effective in reducing climate risk and in terms of feasibility you can see that we have medium feasibility for economic uh economic sorry you see for economic we have a medium for technological we have law for this option of agroforestry and then we have also low for institutional it's medium for uh social or cultural and environmental in terms of confidence we can just this is a typical ipcc language but yeah what is the whole story behind these assessments um we are quite convinced that it's quite challenging for government to implement all adaptation options or sometimes where we see that this adaptation options work in one region we assume that it can also work elsewhere and without this assessment you can just replicate without considering the context in this kind of awake with uh showing the need to provide a strong robust evidence to policy mechanisms so then they can be aware of what would be the uh the effort of those actions mainly in the National adaptation plan so that uh or why we thought it could be a part of of this assessment it is quite new and it attracts a lot of attentions in the adaptation future conference and it's coming in October and I know that this will get a huge so the feasibility assessment helped to also assess the complexity in adaptations and practices and we clearly see that adaptations and options might Show Low visibility in in a region but is still being deserved for Community because the assessment of course I should also mention that this assessment was literature based and what we are trying to do now is how we move from the literature to the practice we engage the community to also validate the literature based assessment to see how because there are many things that may not be captured in the literature and we clearly also see that context is a key consideration regarding the feasibility of options it's important as I said it's not because one option for work in in a region that it should work elsewhere so yeah in terms of Gap in both knowledge and practice concerning concerning adaptation feasibility and Effectiveness is still there in many in many cases for Africa and we think that could be attribute to different factors the local is specific evidence unlimited we didn't we only use the literature to assess this we don't engage in the community and get their perspectives so this is what we are trying now to do incomplete temporal and special data and data availability is something quite a serious challenge for Africa we only use literature available we are not too sure that we have a good coverage so that can be a limitation and a consistent monitoring and Metric for measuring adaptation outcomes and Effectiveness I say that it's quite a recent this approach it's a need more um energy to improve the methodology but make sure that it has a good coverage so ladies and gentlemen that's what I wanted to share and bring the flavor of adaptation responses from Africa we try to show the gap between global patterns and Africa's design and what we see as the most feasible and effective options in Africa thank you thank you very much thank you very much I've been um very interesting talk there I wonder if there are any questions in the room to get us started yeah I see that there's some in the chat here as well um so while I while I skim this uh Evan I wonder if you could say a word uh you said this very explicitly but of course your your approach was looking at English language articles so when you showed the map of Africa um unsurprisingly places with with large English population showed up a little bit higher like Kenya Nigeria Ghana um so I wonder if if you see that as a follow-up study or if this remains kind of a blind spot in the ipcc approach considering the original original drafts of ipcc are written in English oh wait we we lost your your audio there you go sorry yeah it should be okay now yeah we are aware that just uh limiting to English literature can be restricted and yeah we offer just a method and we expect that it can be used across different regions for more um how we say more disaggregated assessment uh so the language is a major barrier and we also consider only published awake we didn't capture the great literature or as I said the community perspective now as I said as I mentioned what we are trying to do is how we make this more uh Community driving so related by community members and and of course using available references but try to cross-check or validate the outcome with communities and then the local decision makers and again this assessment was done at the scale of Africa and they didn't to see how it happened to what will be the patterns at countries level and even at Country at a sub-national level and and this can make a difference and we expected that this will be take off and and be used across across skills and and of course across languages and communities thank you um there's a question in uh in the room here but I just want to read quickly the the chat question from Vincent uh he was asking if there are uh kind of more or if you could share some more thoughts on the complexities of certain adaptations and if that affects the feasibility of those adaptations um and maybe while we're on that topic I'll just add one more element there which is that I noticed that many of the adaptation options were targeted at individuals uh and and households and whether that that as a fundamental approach is more or less feasible if you have any comments on that uh just to note Vincent also mentions things like political will and finance yeah so um total for the reason why some adaptation measures have many complexity because contests matter and that adaptations is really depend on people's expectation and people's aspirations sometimes people believe uh one typical example is uh water management where the assessment clearly showed that the sustainable Water Management can be effective in reducing risk and we see that I want to highlight the case or from some countries in Africa where during the 80s a small scale or large-scale irrigation was promoted to support agriculture but didn't make any significant change because first the maintenance of those infrastructures beyond the control of communities they don't have the capacity it was run by the by the states for some years but after that I they left it to to the community and most of those irrigation infrastructures are not used because people they don't have the capacity to manage them so again it's really about this contest about the need about the capacity of people so that it is clearly showing the complexity of adaptation elsewhere large scale irrigation can be a Solutions because people are used to it people have a kind of knowledge they have expertise that this should not be copy paste elsewhere and taken for granted it needs to be a contextualized it needed to be I would say embedded in the context so that's what I can say here and and then and the political will um it's quite it's also very important uh and I used to teach my ipcc colleagues saying that so well as a researcher we are done when we offer evidence from the ipcc week better I think it's not at the end of this battle because we need to break this a break the the the the message in a way that it can be accessible for policy makers it need also to be back or repacked in the way that it makes their needs political ways is not always a research or Wheels it's not the same kind of of power and we can see what happens in the approval process where policy makers said they have the higher the agenda they have the interest and sometimes they want things to be like they see so yeah those are all part of the complexity we can present evidence showing that wow this is something so we policy makers need to know and it's not packed in the way that it's accessible to them it can also hate the uh they go or hit the aspiration or hate their interests so this is a really a field of of challenge Arena yeah yeah I'm gonna note uh we're going to take one last question in the room and then and then we have to break uh but I'll note that there's a question from Laura in the chat and earlier a question from Ramesh Singh that is addressed to Benjamin uh and myself so uh please even when we break in the room if you could just take a minute and reply in the chat that would be very wonderful uh last question in the room please and please say uh for for uh for Edmund your name and institution okay uh thank you so much Edmund for the very nice presentation my name is Julie and I'm from the Philippines my question is actually just do also a touch on the literature that you mentioned earlier uh um because um I I wonder on how the literature on the adaptation funds that are being done on the community level that are not being um published or not being forwarded in in the literature that are being assessed in the ipcc reports I wonder if um how should how these literature should be be forwarded into the community so that it will be able to be integrated into the ipcc assessment and aside from just being published or is there a way like ipcc also distills or filters this literature thank you Julie will the ipcc has a kind of I would say rules ipcc only consider published work in the assessments and how ipcc evidence can be communicated to local to community this is where we need the media to support uh ipcc work in terms of Communications in that in different style different language but also different type of formats and how we can capture value uh Community knowledge this is a another I would say set of challenge how we can we do use brain literature but to a very limited stance because we want to provide them in the ipcc want to provide a robust evidence which assume that it goes through review process in the great literature is not always under that one but now with this feasibility and assessment and Effectiveness assessment what we are trying to do at this stage and we are writing a couple of proposals all around that is how we move from literature base to community-led process so we are going to use the same type of formats in terms of The Six Dimensions as I mentioned institutionally economic environmental and each in each Community we want to see how the frame institutions how they frame technology how they frame an environmental so we use those indicators to assess the adaptations responses so then it's a really a kind of local embeddedness assessment and that shows the value because we know that adaptation is also a very content specific so we expect that doing that can help to have something more reliable something that is solid at least for a specific community and can be used locally because if we offer something that is only literature based or it may not help that Community level it may not help but even country level because if they contextualized thank you sorry Julie that's what I can say I hope uh you're happy with that thank you Edmund so I think we have to break uh in the room I I do just want to say last thing for Julie also is that there is a process by which uh in the in the review process first of all you can read early drafts and suggest literature through the review process that should also be assessed um and then once the the Scopes scoping meetings happen there are usually chapter outlines with at least several bullets and you can find the names of the core name lead authors so if you have a very important paper that you think needs to be assessed you can contact those authors but I'll also say as a former CLA our job is not to make everybody happy as much as to find that unique piece of literature that helps do you want to add yeah yes the the also the very good ways to publish a perspective paper in that case if you think one topic is uh super important that because that would be uh taken into account in the assessment all right so let's break and we're we're gonna um I know we're a couple minutes late here uh but I think yarrow is in the room right so we can yeah so we can we're gonna probably get started um let's let's do uh like a 12 minute break so we will be back here at 11 10. at the at the latest what all right 11 15 with permission of the speaker thank you