Video summary
The video captures a presentation at DEF CON 28 (referred to as c3 in the transcript) focused on Projectmovie, an initiative that explores the intersection of free software, open hardware, and creative expression. The core subject involves reverse-engineering vintage electronic knitting machines from the early 1980s to integrate them with modern computing environments. By emulating floppy drives within a UNIX terminal, developers were able to bypass the original joystick-based input methods, allowing for fully automated, scriptable generation of complex patterns directly onto the fabric. This hack transforms an obsolete piece of hardware into a tool capable of producing generative art, including non-repeating textures and double-sided jacquard designs that prevent common knitting defects like curling edges or loose floats on the reverse side.
A significant portion of the discussion highlights the practical challenges and innovative solutions required to automate these legacy machines. The original devices have extremely limited built-in memory, requiring frequent manual button presses to load new image segments for long projects; this process was automated using an open-source circuit that remotely controls the machine's buttons via a computer interface. Furthermore, the presenter addressed issues with printing QR codes on knitted fabric due to material distortion and stitch geometry, offering a bounty for community members who could develop software filters to correct these distortions. The project also extends to other Brother model machines from the late 1980s through universal button matrix hacks, ensuring that even those without direct microcontroller access can fully script their knitting operations using remote control techniques.
The presentation concludes with a broader vision for scaling open-source textile production and independent journalism within the hacker community. The speaker outlines plans to acquire an industrial knitting machine capable of motorized finishing, which would allow for small-batch production runs where each item is unique due to algorithmic variations in generative seeds, similar to how 3D printing services operate today but applied to textiles. Additionally, a citizen reporter segment emphasizes the importance of independent media covering post-conflict zones and environmental issues without commercial interference, funded through donations and freelance editing work rather than traditional advertising. The final remarks reinforce the community-driven ethos of DEF CON, where volunteers teach soldering, share open-source kits like LED cubes and Geiger counters, and foster a global network of makers who improve each other's projects by finding bugs and refining code under licenses such as GPL.
Read the full video transcript
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gonna hack knitting machine from
nineteen eighty one that's been
reverse-engineered so I can script it
from the tour role of a unix-based
operating system so there were some
other people that I know who had done
partially a hack for the same model of
knitting machine and I'm a obsessive
hand knitter so I was really excited to
learn how machine knitting was different
than hand knitting and I got really
interested in a year so November of 2010
we were three people on a five-day
project to build a video game and an
interface for knitting machines from the
video game yeah so when you were playing
the game you were allowed to create your
own avatar a nice pixely avatar and we
created a vintage-style top scroller
video game with dinosaurs and banjos and
when you won the video game your name
and the time that you want we're printed
in knitting along with your avatar on a
permanent scarf sort of that went to the
ceiling and back down so a permanent
winners panel for your video game sure
it's a machine from 1981 so it expects
it's a knitting machine it was an
electronic knitting machine but it
expects a floppy drive so we take
advantage of that and emulate a floppy
drive in the terminal on UNIX machine
and with that that means that i can send
whatever data I want so to color 3 color
for color per row knitting or textured
knitting or lace knitting and I can send
those patterns to the microcontroller of
the machine yeah if you were doing this
originally in 1981 you wouldn't be able
to hook it up to a modern computer and
the way that you would make a pattern
was actually use a joystick with a
you scream and aim the joystick towards
each pixel and click each pixel that you
wanted to be of the second color so the
way to input patterns was very slow and
obviously not software scriptable so now
we have the ability to do fully
automated fully software to find images
inside knitting on an old machine that
wasn't supposed to be able to do that
sure well you can create an image either
in your image editing program or like
the game for whatever you use to create
imagery or you can software script an
image from software so you could do
generative algorithms for art that
output to color or to texture or three
color / 04 color / 0 images and input
those into the machine so you have
basically fully generative non-repeating
artsy images that you could do in the
machine yeah we have one more add-on
hack that allows us to push the buttons
at a distance on the machine and that
sounds really simple but what that does
is it allows us to send really large
images from machines the machine is a
very small built-in memory the maximum
memory is 200 pixels by 66 pixels long
and anything beyond that you would have
to send another image to the machine it
takes about 15 button presses to input a
new image from a floppy so even if we
were to do that from our scripted floppy
it takes a long time for a long scarf
that's non-repeating it takes about six
images for the memory size to send that
to the machine so to do that depending
on how complex and how larger knitted
item is it can really slow you down
maybe you make a mistake so we wanted to
automate that and that's now all
automated with an open source circuit
that's also online on Travis good speeds
blog along with all the scripts so firm
or software everything's open what we
did the button matrixes I've actually
even more extendable so the original
hack is works on both the KH 930 in the
cage 940 brother machines the higher
electronic mother brother machines
haven't been fully reverse engineered so
their file format slightly different
but part of that work is already done
and our work is open source so if you
wanted to extend it and make it work for
the 950 I the 965 I you could do that
those are also late eighties machines
the button matric track we made a the
universal and our how to include
step-by-step what you would do if you
were to do this for an arbitrary button
matrix on any kind of machine where you
couldn't hack into the microcontroller
maybe you didn't have access to
microcontroller you could just push the
buttons at a distance and actually fully
automate and script your machine just by
pushing the buttons with you know a few
catchers so these monta cozies are a
limited release that I did with the okay
of avila sure that makes Clamato to do a
small run because I'm using their logo
and the name of their product what it is
is it's something to keep your hands
warm and your matcha cold and then I did
a lot of testing with QR codes so custom
QR codes and knitting don't work very
well but I wanted to understand why and
it's not just because knitting is little
v's that aren't little squares it's also
because of the way that knitting
distorts so it stretches it's not a
fixed image where the pixels are always
in a square grid with each other so the
cool thing about the open software seen
is that I'm sure somebody is going to
put together a filter so that you could
do QR code rating from any arbitrary
knitting and I'm offering a bounty for
that so if you do called that you're the
first person to open source it and send
it to me or send me a link to where
you've open sourced it then I will send
you a free clemontic cozy to say thank
you so on the screen there's an image
and that image pretty one to one
corresponds with each pixel in the image
is one stitch on knitting what's cool
about this particular piece of knitting
is it's double-sided knitting where the
reverse side is an every other stitch
pattern called a bird's-eye double bed
jacquard just a very arbitrary way of
saying the backside every other stitch
is selected on every row what's cool
about this is that means I can do
for example with the clamato cozies as I
first made them they were made on the
single bed which means they have floats
all along the back which are these long
stringy bits which means that if you do
large swathes of one color in one row
you repeat the color a lot then you're
going to have problems with the edge
colors that touch that color that's just
a property of knitting that's the that's
the way knitting work so what's cool
about the root ones of the you know
double side is that I can do arbitrarily
bakes patches of one color and still
have the Knitting hold together and look
pretty on both sides it also has the
nice property that I makes the Knitting
not curl in on itself because you can
see that knitting just the way it works
mathematically is that the stitches pull
in on the edges and then pull in on the
top if you do one side of knitting so
that's cool that's a cool thing that you
can do on a knitting machine is that you
can do double bed jacquard which is
basically two-sided knitting this one is
a lace piece which is done with two
carriages on a knitting machine so if i
were to motorized my hand carriages i
would actually need two sets of motor
control that can count lay sitting means
you have to move the lace carriage which
manipulates moves the stitches back and
forth to create these holes has to move
across an even number of times but it's
different for every row in the pattern
so it could be 4 times 6 times 8 times
and then always 2 times of the yarn
carriage that goes over the top to
deposit the new yarn so that's an
interesting thing that you could do on
these machines and then the one that's
running right now the little robotic
carriage is called a garter stitch
carriage and it was only made for this
type of brother knitting machines that
there weren't any other manufacturers
that we're making garter carriages which
means knits one stitch the front or one
stitch to the back but that can also be
computer controlled from an image so
this image here are little little
rockets which you can see here better in
the two color variation but that's
actually the same digital image that's
being sent to the machine that the
machine that knits in two different ways
kind of cool yeah so what I'm working on
is I am working to ramp up to be able to
buy an industrial knitting machine one
that does auto finishing that can do
fully motorized run so 500 piece hundred
piece production runs for sweaters
scarves of things that are unique so
whether they're scripted algorithmically
and so each one is different with a
different seed creates a different image
but they look similar so maybe they all
have leaves but all the leaves are
generated with a random code as to how
they grow off of the stems in the image
so I could do a run of hundred sweaters
like that without having to pay each
time as a unique run because the way it
works in manufacturing is that they want
to do 500 of the same thing but that
doesn't really work with the open source
community we should do cooler stuff than
that so I'm ramping up small business to
be able to buy an industrial knitting
machine to open source it for the
community and also be able to offer
production runs for people locally here
in Berlin right and then you would be
able to order that the same way that
there are Shapeways or pinocho so
systems where you can order 3d prints or
you can order laser-cut items and you
can order that in a small amount without
having to own a laser cutter that's what
I'm kind of trying to ramp up for
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ma ok i'm here with bicycle mark and
you're a citizen reporter doing stuff on
the internets yes tell me a little about
it
an independent journalist I have a focus
that is somewhat on human conflicts but
that could also mean environmental
conflicts Wars it's possible but I
prefer the stories of post-war in
countries that perhaps we don't often
hear from but also the stories from the
nearby area as well and I've been doing
this for going on 10 years seven years
as a podcast a weekly podcast and that's
part of why I'm here members of this
conference or Congress know me and
invited me years ago and I never stopped
coming back that is great so where have
you been and what kind of conflicts have
you been reporting on in the past okay i
prefer to call myself a post-conflict
reporter but all these names really
don't mean anything i'm just a
journalist in the past three to four
years the list is too long highlights
include afghanistan certainly twice in
the last few years georgia kosovo
cambodia some years ago and parts of
Russia and I've been going there not
only as a journalist that's something
you find a lot in this world but I've
been going as a teacher as well giving
workshops not unlike the workshops you
would see here except mine aren't about
playing with microcontrollers although
that's very nice mine are more about
being a reporter using simple equipment
whatever you have in your house or what
you can acquire for low-cost okay how do
you finance all this is there any way to
support you it's a combination of things
some people might expect someone who's
doing a almost full-time podcast to make
all their money from either
advertisements or donations that's not
the case one I don't accept
advertisement I feel that media and
commercial world shouldn't combine and
they won't combine into my work but I do
receive donations from listeners it is
not significant enough
you pay my rent or my trips so when I am
hired or asked to come to speak and
teach then I'm paid for that I'm not
expensive about I do require something
so that I can afford to keep doing what
I'm doing I also work as a freelance
editor I'm based in Amsterdam now and i
will use the money i make doing editing
work at writing work for teaching the
traveling citizen journalism basically
that is pretty cool and honorable having
some kind of independent media still
working on getting these out to everyone
else yeah well i think what you find
even when i come here to the Congress
and as i travel that there are people
all over the world doing what I do I'd
say some of them even do it better than
I do so I'm a fan of a lot of the people
that are citizen journalists in the
world and occasionally I get to meet
okay if I want to listen to your podcast
where can I find that the site is
citizen recorder org and I'm putting up
new podcast every week with guests from
all over the world I don't always have
to be there I can have the mode via
Skype but when I can and also there so
that's the center okay that's great
thanks a lot for your time and good luck
with your efforts thank you my pleasure
thanks a lot anyway um I'm here with
Mitch almond you've been here for many
many years and you're still doing I
think the same thing you do every year
just this year it's a lot bigger yeah
well I have been here for a lot of years
um but it's not really the same every
year there's always more projects
there's always more people doing
workshops and it grows every year like
the whole hacker scene has grown when we
first started doing this a workshop well
at first my first my first one was 23 c
3 and i started that one out with five
soldering irons at a table back then
there were only a handful of hacker
spaces in the world most of them here
yeah now it's like 400 or something now
it's over 500 active life on
hackerspaces org and there's 900 that
are either existing or starting so it's
all growing so not only how we're
hacking but everything and yeah we only
have so much room in bcc so we lucked
out that video the smoker lounge is
outside and that big huge wonderful tent
this year so we can have 50 soldering
irons and all these people happily
soldering I mean Congress is basically
over now and it's still packed and yes
indefinitely are there any specific
projects that are new this year compared
to last year so I haven't had all that
much time myself to make many projects
because I'm traveling so much and
teaching and giving talks and all these
things and writing my book and
organizing conferences and organizing
this but you know I have done updates of
some of my projects like little LED cube
kit that anyone can make but I've
definitely poked people relentlessly to
make their project syndicates that other
people can do so my friend Jeff who was
just here but anyways he made a Geiger
counter kit and that was really popular
three workshops that were full yeah I
guess one thing that is certain new for
me is I put together a workshop for
Arduino is for total union bees okay
that sells out every kind I mean my life
teaching is always free but I have to
sell the bags of parts are you do so
many of those so
yeah it's really cool that so many
people really want to learn and you know
Arduino is one way that people find good
fun to learn this stuff yeah I've seen
that you're doing this all over the
place and internationally as well the
workshops ah how how can I get you to
come to my place and give her a job was
it also requires the task yeah that's
it's that simple so where where can I
ask if I want you to do a big or small
workshop uh only cornfield
electronic stuff are there any any
specific kits that you're selling right
now or we're gonna get them can um can I
only get them at your workshops or do
you have anything yeah mostly well
they're always at my workshops but you
know on my website tv-b-gone com I have
a few of them but I usually prefer
selling them through other people okay
like packable devices has them on their
website here in Europe and Jimmy is
helps me do these workshops to Jimmy
Rogers some of his stuff was at umlaut
which is in the UK okay and all of our
stuff is on maker maker shed calm in the
US and yeah and some of our stuff is on
lady at his website adafruit calm so you
know if you do a search for this stuff
but all of my projects are on corn field
electronics com and there's a maker
faire tab and of course all of my
projects are open source and I'm willing
to help people you know you don't
provide my parts I just want to teach
people how to do stuff that they like
hopefully like they can try it and see
um if if someone who has never held a
soldering iron before what's your first
sort of advice and someone like that
Wow if you're interested if you are
interested in soldering all you need to
do is you know you can read my free
comic book eight pages it talks about
how to solder you can buy a solder iron
for like 10 or 15 euros you can buy some
solder for another 10 euros a wire
cutter and you are ready to solder if
you have something to solder there
they're very cheap fun kits out there
just search and I'd find something that
intrigues you whatever you think is the
coolest go for it you know just get it
and you can do it if you have any
trouble you know you can email me or you
can go to your local hackerspace well
there are always people wanting to share
what they know and I'm sure that you
know something that other people don't
know and that's what makes community
really cool as I sharing what we know
with others and we all become better
people for it and it spreads it will
becomes hopefully a better place well
then hang on and have fun doing your
workshops and thanks a lot for your time
thanks you're welcome he sits at CMS
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i'm here with jimmy rogers in the
hardware hacking area at congress as you
can see from our nice view yes yeah how
we shouldn't sit here yeah anyway yeah
we're sitting here doing an interview
yeah tell us a little bit about yourself
what are you doing here yeah so I'm
Jimmy Rogers and I do open source
hardware for a living I travel around
the world teaching a lot or solder and
make electronics and sort of uh anything
else that I have an interest for I just
keep people how to make things so like a
camp I was doing didgeridoo workshops
and later i'll be doing a duct tape
wallet workshop in in Berlin so it's not
just electronics but it's just sort of
like anything that I have interest in I
like to teach but predominantly it's
open hardware and I usually travel
around with Mitch oven and
doing various workshops yeah okay is
there anything specific that then you
well hardware wise that you're pushing
any any small project uh well the
project I'm most known for is the LOL
shield for arduino it's handled for lots
of LEDs it's a 14 by nine matrix that we
to use it it just sits right on top so
there's a bunch of people building them
right now we've been troubleshooting so
because when you have 126 LEDs it takes
you know some of them don't solder right
the first time so yeah but if you're
done this older oh yeah but for the most
part I thought I love specifically CCC
because everybody is so gung-ho about
like doing everything you know it's like
when I do Maker Faires and other events
we need like 30 40 volunteers over the
course of like a weakened to be able to
handle this kind of volume yeah and here
it's just a few of us because you know
with hackers you show them one or two
things and they're like okay I'm now
leave me alone and let me figure this
out so it's I love that and it's
beautiful and then later they show up
and they're like I found a bug in your
code here it's better yeah that is that
is real community like you yeah but it's
it's fantastic because usually there is
a bug in my code you're like oh well
crap you did make it better awesome and
since everything is open sores under GPL
license of some sort then all of this
goes and it contains
go by yourself so okay if I if I want to
try and solder LOL shield myself is
there any way to get it outside of a
congress like this yeah if you're in
Europe hackable devices I is a great
place to order it from they sell a lot
of open source up but they sell all of
my kids as well okay um if you're in the
states uh make a de fruit sparkfun and a
few others they also sell my things also
in the UK loud oh come they saw my kids
so it's sort of uh I saw most of my
things overwhelmingly through resellers
because I really really dislike package
shipping so if you order it from the M
I'm probably pretty so about shipping
the package because I travel so much
you'll eventually get it I promise you
will eventually get it but it might be a
few weeks so we're about there yeah cool
so I anything any tips that you have
four total Howard we are kicking newbies
um basically follow your interests above
all if it's something you really want to
learn how to do then you're going to be
much more motivated to do it um usually
finding a project that you want to do
like you know I want to build a robot it
does this when you know nothing that's a
good place to start um also go to your
local hackers face if you don't have a
hackerspace start a hackerspace so
that's a really excellent way of doing
that but there's also now back when I
started doing electronics are weren't as
many online instructions but now you've
got tons of videos on YouTube
instructables and the number of other
websites adafruit is an excellent
website for tutorials for like arduino
stuff and things like that yeah really
depends on the project if you're
familiar with software and doing coding
at all okay Arduino is awesome
forgetting in the hardware with because
it's taking care of the hardware for you
you can just program it in a very simple
ide and things like that and then
there's a lot of like additional steps
like that's like a good solid first step
in a nice base that you can work on for
a long time and build some interesting
things off up before you move on to more
advanced things like the rocket badge
that everyone else around here doing
arms yeah it's kind of addictive because
you keep moving forward very slowly
ensuing things like that so awesome well
thanks a lot for your time and happy
hacking oh yeah absolutely thanks 0 yep
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let's impartial in front of us okay so
chop ya know of English muffin we have
to be out of this room by eight by eight
so if you enjoyed the hardware area are
you enjoying the hardware area please
help us by cleaning it up and please
thank you and have on